Berlin - Berlin

Za druge kraje z istim imenom glej Berlin (večznačna opredelitev).

Berlin je ogromno mesto z več okrožje članki, ki vsebujejo informacije o določenih znamenitostih, restavracijah in nastanitvah.

Brandenburška vrata (Brandenburger Tor)

Berlin je glavno mesto Nemčije in soobsežno z Zemljišče Berlina, ene od 16 zveznih dežel, ki sestavljajo Zvezno republiko Nemčijo. S 3,8 milijona prebivalcev (2019) (in milijonom več v "predmestjih", kot Potsdam čez državno črto v Ljubljani Brandenburg), Berlin je največje nemško mesto. Poudarek in prevlada Berlina kot prestolnice je in je bil v preteklosti precej šibkejši od Londona, Pariza ali Madrida, nenazadnje tudi zaradi zvezne narave Nemčije in opustošenja vojne in razdelitve mesta.

Berlin je v mnogih pogledih nenavaden med evropskimi prestolnicami in tudi štiri desetletja razdelitve - 28 let jih je fizično ločil zid - prav tako so pustili sledi. V zgodnjem 18. stoletju je Berlin zgolj zaledno mesto postalo eno najpomembnejših in največjih mest na svetu do dvajsetih let 20. stoletja, vendar je zaradi druga svetovna vojna in nemška pregrada. Srce starih Prusija in osrednja točka Hladna vojna, Berlin se danes spet uveljavlja kot svetovljanska prestolnica ene najbogatejših evropskih držav. "Arm aber sexy" (revno, a seksi), kot bi si želel nekdanji župan, Berlin privablja mlade, študente in ustvarjalno bohèmo, kot je malo drugih mest na svetu. Z arhitekturno dediščino iz pruskega monarhizma, nacizma, vzhodnonemškega komunizma in Potsdamer Platz, napolnjena s steklenimi palačami v slogu 90-ih in 2000-ih, potem ko je bila zaradi obzidja "prazno platno", je arhitektura Berlina tako raznolika kot soseske in prebivalci. In zaradi svoje dolge zgodovine kot svetovljanska prestolnica (najprej Prusije in kasneje Nemčije) že več kot tristo let privablja priseljence z vsega sveta, ki še naprej puščajo svoje sledi v mestu.

Berlin je svetovno mesto kulture, politike, medijev in znanosti. Njeno gospodarstvo temelji na visokotehnoloških podjetjih in storitvenem sektorju, raznoliki paleti kreativnih industrij, raziskovalnih zmogljivosti in medijskih korporacij. Pomembni sektorji vključujejo tudi IT, biotehnologijo, gradbeništvo in elektroniko. V Berlinu se nahajajo svetovno znane univerze, orkestri, muzeji in zabavišča ter gosti številne športne prireditve. Njegov zoološki vrt je najbolj obiskan živalski vrt v Evropi in eden najbolj priljubljenih po vsem svetu. Z najstarejšim kompleksom velikih filmskih studiev na svetu v bližnjem Babelsbergu je Berlin vse bolj priljubljena lokacija za mednarodne filmske produkcije. Mesto je dobro znano po festivalih, nočnem življenju, sodobni umetnosti in zelo visoki kakovosti bivanja.

Okrožja

Berlin lahko vidimo kot skupino središč. Berlin ima veliko mestnih četrti (Brezirke), vsako območje pa je sestavljeno iz več krajev (Kiez ali Viertel) - vsaka od teh mestnih četrti ima svoj edinstven slog. Nekatera okrožja Berlina so bolj vredna pozornosti obiskovalcev kot druga. Včasih je bil Berlin razdeljen na 23 mestnih občin, ki se uporabljajo v Wikivoyageu, saj ostajajo najpomembnejši v priljubljenih konceptih mesta in so koristni za obiskovalce. Januarja 2001 se je število občin zmanjšalo s 23 na 12 za administrativne namene - večinoma z združevanjem starih občin - včasih čez notranjo mejo Berlina. Okrožja lahko približno razvrstimo v osem okrožij:

52 ° 30′0 ″ S 13 ° 25′12 ″ V

Okrožja Berlin

Razumeti

Zgodovina

Začetki

Območje so najverjetneje najprej naselili Slovani, preden so v 11. in 12. stoletju prispeli nemško govoreči priseljenci. Najzgodnejši dokazi o naselbinah na območju današnjega Berlina so lesena palica iz približno leta 1192 in ostanki lesenih hiš iz leta 1174, ki so bili najdeni v izkopavanjih leta 2012 v Berlin Mitte. Prvi pisni zapisi o mestih na območju današnjega Berlina segajo v konec 12. stoletja. Spandau se prvič omenja leta 1197, Köpenick pa leta 1209, čeprav so ta območja postala del Berlina šele leta 1920 (glej spodaj). Jedro Berlina sta bili dve mesti: Berlin (danes znan kot Nikolaiviertel blizu Alexanderplatza), ki se je začelo kot slovansko mesto, in nemškega izvora Cölln, ki je vključeval današnji muzejski otok. Etimologija "Berlina" sicer ni povsem jasna (medved v grbu je posledica razumljive napačne predpostavke srednjeveških govorcev nemščine), vendar je verjetno povezana s slovansko besedo za močvirje. Torej, da, glavno mesto Nemčije je bil dobesedno zgrajena v močvirju. Leto 1237 (prva omemba Cöllna v uradnih evidencah) je bilo tisto, kar je bilo uporabljeno kot osnova za 750-letno praznovanje leta 1987 in bo verjetno uporabljeno kot referenčna točka za prihodnje obletnice.

Območje je postalo znano kot Berlin-Cölln in je bilo prebivališče volivcev Brandenburga, vendar je ostalo razmeroma majhno. Približno polovica prebivalcev Berlina je umrla zaradi Tridesetletna vojna (1618-1648). Vojna - ki je opustošila tudi druga področja Hohenzollerna - je privedla do podpisne politike Hohenzollerna, ki dovoljuje in celo spodbuja verske begunce k priseljevanju na to območje. Politiko je najprej razglasil "veliki volilec" Frederic William (Friedrich Wilhelm, vladal 1640-1688), ki je utrdil tudi trend vladajočih Prusov, imenovanih Friedrich, Wilhelm ali oboje, ki je trajal vse do zadnjega nemškega kaiserja Wilhelma II. , ki je bil leta 1918 prisiljen abdicirati.

Berlin je postal glavno mesto Ljubljane Prusija leta 1701, vendar je Potsdam ostal simbol vladavine Hohenzollerna v weimarske čase. Leta 1710 je bilo več neodvisnih mest združenih v Berlin, kar mu je pomagalo, da je dobila policentrično postavitev, ki traja vse do danes. Pruski voditelji 18. stoletja so bili znani po svojem "razsvetljenem despotizmu" in količini verskega strpnosti, ki je daleč presegala tisto v drugih delih Evrope v tistem času. Te politike so koristile celotni Brandenburg / Prusiji, vendar so imele najmočnejši vpliv na Berlin.

Kaiserreich in Weimarska republika

Nemško cesarstvo (Deutsches Reich) je bila ustanovljena leta 1871 pod prusko prevlado in Berlin je postal prestolnica te novo-združene Nemčije, ki je hitro naraščala tako zaradi upravnega statusa kot vloge industrijskega središča. Do leta 1877 je imel Berlin več kot milijon prebivalcev, do leta 1900 pa je imelo mesto 1,9 milijona prebivalcev.

Čeprav je revolucija, ki je odstavila Kaiser izbruhnila med nezadovoljnimi mornarji v Ljubljani Kiel, ki niso želeli umreti v zadnjem jalovem (a v glavah admiralov veličastnem) poskusu, da bi v morski bitki spremenili plima izgubljene vojne, je bilo v Berlinu veliko najodločilnejših nemških dogodkov Zgodila se je novembrska revolucija. Philipp Scheidemann - socialdemokrat - je republiko razglasil z okna Reichstag 9. novembra 1918. Le nekaj ur kasneje je komunist Karl Liebknecht razglasil "svobodno socialistično republiko", ki je vodila socialdemokrate in komuniste, že leta 1914 v sporu glede vprašanja, ali naj podpira Prva svetovna vojna, da se v osnovi razdelijo. Berlin je postal eno od središč bojev in kaosa. Socialni demokrati so se povezali z demobiliziranimi vojaki, ki so tvorili desnico Freikorps in stare elite, da uprejo upor. Liebknechta in njegovo kolegico Rose Luksemburg so Freikorpi umorili, njihova telesa pa odvrgli v Landwehrkanal. Občutek izdaje, ki so ga čutili številni komunisti, bi ostal kot madež socialdemokratske stranke v celotnem obdobju Weimarske republike. Vse do danes zdrži kot zgled za socialdemokrate, ki se v očeh nekaterih radikalnih levičarjev veselijo desne in desne sredine.

Morda najbolj znana stanovanjska novogradnja iz obdobja Weimarja, Hufeisensiedlung v Berlin-Britzu

Leta 1920 je zadnja od priključitev mest, ki obkrožajo Berlin, ustvarila upravne meje, ki jih ima danes, takrat znano kot "Groß-Berlin" ali Veliki Berlin. Weimarska doba je bila verjetno vrhunec tako v pomembnosti Berlina kot njegovega ugleda v svetu. Mesto je naraslo - deloma zahvaljujoč omenjenim aneksijam - na 4 milijone ljudi (število, ki se mu je približalo s približno 3,8 milijona v letu 2019) in je bilo eno najbolj naseljenih in najvplivnejših na svetu. York City in London. Na območju je bil Groß-Berlin drugo največje mesto na svetu za samo Los Angelesom in območje, ki ga zajema mesto, je približno enakovredno območju Rügen. Skoraj vsi politiki, intelektualci, umetniki, znanstveniki in druge javne osebnosti, znane v času Weimarske republike, so živele in delale v Berlinu. Potsdamer Platz (mesto enega prvih semaforjev na svetu) je veljalo za eno izmed krajev v Evropi z najgostejšim prometom. Hitro razvijajoči se S-Bahn (elektrificirani v tisti dobi) in U-Bahn sistemi za množični tranzit so bili videti kot vzorci za svet z malo enakimi. Letališče Tempelhof (takrat brez ikonične terminalske zgradbe, ki so ga zgradili nacisti) je veljalo za eno najboljših letališč v Evropi, njegova povezava z U-Bahnom pa je pokazala pot vsem večjim letališčem. Berlin je bil tudi živahen večkulturni kraj, kjer so ljudje iz vsega sveta prispevali k njegovi kulturni in gospodarski produktivnosti. Razširjena neenakost pa je pomenila, da niso vsi sodelovali v razcvetu. Gospodarska kriza leta 1929 in kasnejši varčevalni ukrepi so najrazrešnejše nesorazmerno močno prizadeli. Stanovanja v mestu ni bilo veliko, zgrajeni so bili stanovanjski bloki, namenjeni odpravi tega. Šest skupin teh stavb je bilo pod imenom "Berlin Modernism Housing Estates" razglašenih za Unescova območja svetovne dediščine.

Berlinska panorama s Siegessäule: stavba rajhstaga s kupolo (skrajno levo), TV stolp in kupola (sredina levo), Brandenburška vrata (sredina)

Nacistična doba in druga svetovna vojna

Nacisti so želeli Berlin preoblikovati v "Svetovno prestolnico Nemčijo", a na srečo je vojna tem načrtom naredila konec. Nacistične stavbe, ki so ostale, so bile zgrajene pred vojno in niso vedno povezane z njimi, na primer olimpijski stadion (zgrajen za igre leta 1936) in zgradba terminala za letališče Tempelhof. Berlin je med drugo svetovno vojno močno in večkrat prizadelo zračno bombardiranje. Za razliko od Hamburga ali Dresdena ni bilo nobenega velikega bombardiranja in večjega požara, temveč vrsto bombardiranj, ki so izravnale veliko mesta. V zadnjih mesecih vojne je bil Berlin v središču ene najbolj krvavih bitk vojne, saj se je več sovjetskih generalov dirkalo med seboj, da bi najprej prišel v Berlin, ker je Stalin verjel, da nameravajo Američani in Britanci osvojiti tudi Berlin. Tudi nacisti niso več razmišljali o človeških življenjih, v zadnjih tednih pa so v službo pritisnili zelo stare in zelo mlade moške, ki so povsem zaman poskušali ustaviti sovjetsko napredovanje. "Šepetana šala", ki je takrat krožila med Nemci, je dejala, da bo vojne konec, ko bo Volkssturm (starci in najstniki - Hitlerjevi zadnji "vojaki" katere koli vrste) bi S-Bahn peljali na fronto. Znamenita fotografija sovjetskega vojaka, ki je dvignil rdečo zastavo na Reichstag sega v tisto dobo, grafite sovjetskih vojakov leta 1945 pa še vedno najdemo v stavbi Reichstaga. Nekateri tuji turisti radi vprašajo, kje Führerbunker je, toda kot druga potencialna "svetišča za nacizem" so ga zavezniki izravnali in je zdaj mesto parkirišča. The Topographie des Terrors ("Topografija terorja") v osrednjem Berlinu je razstava na prostem, ki daje ozadja na lokacijah različnih nacističnih pisarn v Berlinu in katerih grozota je bila usmerjena od kod.

Hladna vojna

Berlin je bil v skladu z dogovori z Jalto in Potsdamom razdeljen na štiri sektorje (slednji se je odločil predvsem zato, ker je bil kraj najbližji Berlinu s prostori, ki niso bili dovolj poškodovani za konferenco). Medtem ko je bil prvotni načrt skupna uprava Berlina in Nemčije, se je fasada v Berlinu pokvarila najprej s sovjetsko blokado zahodnih sektorjev, nato pa z berlinskim zračnim prevozom, pri katerem so zahodni Berlin zahodni zavezniki oskrbovali po zraku z uporabo Tempelhofa. Letališče, RAF Gatow in kaj bo kasneje postalo letališče Tegel.

Spomenik letalskemu prevozu na letališču Tempelhof

Letalski prevoz, vključno s spuščanjem majhnih zavojčkov sladkarij na improvizirana padala, je ljudi v Zahodnem Berlinu navdušil za zahodne zaveznike in sčasoma prisilil Sovjete, da zaključijo blokado. Kljub imenu "bombnik za rozine" je bilo najpogostejše blago po neto tonaži premog. Zaradi odklopa od sovjetsko zasedenih električnih vodov so letala letela tudi v celotni elektrarni in nato gorivu zanjo, vendar je bila večina premoga porabljena za ogrevanje zasebnih domov. Zahodni Berlin je kasneje dejansko postal del Zahodne Nemčije, če že ne poimensko: poslal je delegate, ki niso glasovali Bundestag ki jih je namesto ljudi izvolil berlinski parlament; podobno je moral vse zvezne zakone odobriti berlinski zakonodajalec, kar se je običajno zgodilo brez resničnega glasovanja ali razprave. Bistveno je bilo, da je bil Berlin "demilitariziran", zato ljudje v Zahodnem Berlinu niso mogli zakonito služiti v Bundeswehru, ne glede na to, ali so bili rojeni v Berlinu ali kje drugje, in selitev v Berlin je tako postala zelo priljubljen način za izogibanje prepihu. Berlin je ostal zadnji odprti prehod na vse bolj militarizirani in zrakotesni "notranje-nemški" meji. 13. avgusta 1961 je vodstvo Vzhodne Nemčije (NDR) zaprlo mejo le nekaj tednov po tem, ko je voditelj Vzhodne Nemčije Walter Ulbricht na tiskovni konferenci dejal "Niemand hat die Absicht eine Mauer zu errichten" (nihče nima namena zgraditi zid). Meja je bila v naslednjih letih vedno bolj utrjena z več zidovi. Najbolj ikoničen betonski zid je bil kmalu prekrit z grafiti na njegovi zahodni strani, ki je bila tehnično še vedno v vzhodnem Berlinu, vendar ga niti vzhodnonemška niti zahodnonemška oblast niso hoteli ali zmogle nadzorovati.

Medtem ko so si na zahodu prizadevali za ohranitev zgodovinskih stavb, ki so preživele zavezniške bombardiranje, je NDR namerno podrla stavbe, ki bi jih bilo mogoče rešiti. The Stadtschloss je bil videti kot ostanek fevdalizma in je bil nadomeščen z Palast der Republik v katerem je bil parlament NDR in je bil uporabljen kot priljubljeno prizorišče prireditev. Po letu 1990 so ga porušili zaradi političnih združenj in vsebnosti azbesta. Novo Stadtschloss na istem mestu, v katerem je Humboldtov forum odprl leta 2020. Pritegnil je polemike, saj se obnova fevdalnega spomenika na mestu najpomembnejše reprezentativne stavbe vzhodne Nemčije šteje za dvomljivo politično izjavo, poleg tega pa tudi zaradi vprašljivega načina, kako so bili številni eksponati pridobljeni med kolonialno dobe.

Medtem ko je Berlin z vojno in razdelitvijo dosegel dva velika zadetka, je doba berlinske razdelitve privedla tudi do edinstvenega razvoja, zlasti v zahodni polovici. Zahodni Berlin je imel poseben status, ker nikoli ni pripadal Zvezni republiki Nemčiji, čeprav je "prostovoljno" uporabljal večino zahodnonemških zakonov. Zaradi prepovedi vstopa v vojsko je bilo mesto za številne študente in radikale ali ljudi, ki so se želeli izogniti vpoklicu. Tu so večinoma potekali študentski upori 1967/68. Tu je bil mladi Benno Ohnesorg ustreljen med protestom proti iranskemu šahu leta 1967. To je spodbudilo gibanje proti nadaljnji prisotnosti nacističnih elit, vietnamski vojni in številnim - zaznanim ali resničnim prirojenim napakam mlade nemške zvezne republike. To gibanje, imenovano za nazaj die 68er (68ers), je imel v Nemčiji več žarišč, najbolj pa je bil viden v Berlinu. Njen vodja Rudi Dutschke, vzhodnonemški emigrant iz Brandenburga, je bil ustreljen v Berlinu leta 1968. Streljanje je preživel, a umrl zaradi napada, ki so ga povzročile rane leta 1979. V tem obdobju je Kreuzberg, del katerega (znan kot "Kreuzberg 36" zaradi svoje poštne številke) je bil s treh strani obdan z zidom in je postal leglo levičarskega aktivizma. Pogosti so bili spopadi s policijo, ki se občasno ponavljajo od ponovne združitve. Med pregrado so umetniki, kot je David Bowie, prišli v Berlin po navdih. Postanek ob znamenitostih, ki so simbolične za delitev, je postal glavni del obiskov tujih držav v mestu. Ronald Reagan je slavno stal pred Brandenburškimi vrati, do katerih je zid prišel nedostopno, ko je rekel: "Gospod Gorbačov odprite ta vrata; gospod Gorbačov poruši ta zid."

Ljudje so bili siti razmer v Vzhodni Nemčiji - in jih spodbuja Gorbačovljeva politika glasnost in perestrojka - vse pogosteje je šel na ulice leta 1989. Oktobra 1989. Na Alexanderplatzu so potekale velike demonstracije. 9. novembra 1989 je Günter Schabowski na prvi novinarski konferenci NDR v živo na glas prebral nov odlok o odprtju meje. Na naslednje vprašanje, kdaj bo začelo veljati, je odgovoril "sofort, unverzüglich" (tj. Takoj). Medtem ko ljudje, ki so pripravili nov odlok, niso nameravali takoj začeti veljati, je bil Schabowski, ki je bil le tiskovni sekretar, o tej ključni podrobnosti izognjen. Ta spodrsljaj je pripeljal do ljudi, ki so se zgrinjali na mejno postajo v prepričanju, da je Wall padel. Preobremenjenim stražarjem ni preostalo drugega, kot da so odprli mejo, ta dan pa je postal znan kot "padec berlinskega zidu". V naslednjih dneh in tednih je bil zid porušen. Dogodki so se začeli hitro premikati in po volitvah, ki so povzročile jasno povezovalno večino, se je Vzhodna Nemčija 3. oktobra 1990 pridružila Zahodni Nemčiji, le nekaj dni pred 41. obletnico NDR. Berlin je postal glavno mesto združene Nemčije in večina vladnih institucij se je tja preselila leta 1998. To je sovpadlo s koncem kanclerstva Helmuta Kohla, ki je bil na položaju leta '89 in je Nemčijo vodil dlje kot kateri koli navaden.

Staro in novo v Berlinu - Marienkirche & TV Tower

Zgodovina od ponovne združitve

Kljub skoraj popolnemu pomanjkanju industrije (tisto, kar je preživelo vojno, je zapustilo Zahodni Berlin ali je bilo nacionalizirano v Vzhodnem Berlinu in je v letih 1989/90 večinoma bankrotiralo), je Berlin pomemben za priseljence, zlasti mlade in dobro izobražene. Za razliko od tako rekoč vseh glavnih prestolnic je Berlin nekoliko slabše premožen od državnega povprečja, zato je imel v povojni dobi razmeroma ugodne najemnine in življenjske stroške, čeprav je do leta 2020 strmo naraščal. Zaradi tega je Berlin eno izmed središč zagonskega pojava.

Obremenjene občinske finance pestijo Berlin od konca vojne, čeprav vse bolj od ponovne združitve. Za razliko Pariz ali London, Status Berlina kot kapitala ne pomeni, da ima samodejno koristi od velikih vlivov državnih sredstev za gradnjo projektov. Med razdelitvijo sta obe strani na svoj del Berlina gledali kot na propagandno orodje, s katerim se lahko pokažete sovražniku, zato sta bila obe subvencionirani, kolikor je to dovoljevala blagajna njihovih režimov, denar pa je prihajal za stanovanja, potrošniško blago in izboljšave infrastrukture. Toda po ponovni združitvi so bile subvencije, ki so bile dodeljene kot nekaj samoumevnega, vse bolj dvomljive. Nato je leta 2001 Berlin pretresel velik bančni škandal in milijarde evrov izgube je prevzela prazna državna blagajna. Nadaljnja težava je, da mnogi, ki živijo čez državno mejo v Brandenburgu, koristijo berlinsko infrastrukturo, vendar v Berlinu ne plačujejo nobenega državnega davka in jih zaradi dodeljevanja sredstev ne štejejo med prebivalce Berlina.

Medtem ko je zid zdaj padel dlje, kot je kdaj stal, in nekatere brazgotine na pregradi so se popravile le tedne ali mesece, še vedno so vidni znaki, kje je bila nekoč meja. Nekateri so na videz neškodljivi, kot je pomanjkanje tramvaja na starem zahodu ali barva uličnih luči (bolje vidna iz vesolja), nekateri pa so namensko zadržani na mestu, da domačine in obiskovalce spomnijo na to fazo zgodovine. Na žalost je prišlo do nekega ikonoklazma NDR po ponovni združitvi. Medtem ko je bilo veliko stvari (zlasti spomenikov sovjetskim vojakom) shranjenih, je bila najpomembnejša žrtev prizadevanja za rušenje vseh relikvij komunistične vlade Palast der Republik. Delno so ga podrli zaradi kontaminacije z azbestom, pa tudi zaradi obnovitve nekdanjega pruskega Stadtschloss, ki so jo ikonoklasti NDR podrli, da bi naredili prostor za reorganizacijo mesta.

Podnebje

Berlin je na prehodu med zmernim oceanskim in celinskim podnebjem, kar pomeni topla poletja in hladne zime. Ponoči temperature pozimi običajno padejo pod ledišče, sneženje pa je redno, čeprav se sneg redko kopiči več kot nekaj dni. Poletja so praviloma prijetna, dnevne temperature so običajno v nizkih 20-ih, nočne pa ostanejo nad 10 ° C. Berlin je precej vetrovno mesto, čeprav nikakor ne tako vetrovno kot obalna mesta, kot sta Hamburg ali Lübeck. Zelo priporočljiva je jakna za zapiranje vetra, zlasti jeseni in spomladi.

Ljudje

Kot mesto, ki je iz nabora manjših mest v zaledju Evrope postalo tretje največje mesto na svetu v komaj dobrih dveh stoletjih, je bil Berlin vedno kraj, kjer je bilo biti "od drugod" prej pravilo kot izjema . V času NDR je Vzhodni Berlin privabljal veliko ljudi s podeželja in iz drugih mest, saj so tam hitreje gradili nova stanovanja, da bi ublažili pomanjkanje stanovanj. Poleg tega so Berlinčani pogosto uživali v nekoliko polnejših policah in krajših vrstah v supermarketih kot drugi vzhodni Nemci. Na Zahodu so nekateri ljudje zapustili Berlin zaradi njegove izolacije, drugi pa zaradi izvzetja iz osnutka. Od ponovne združitve se berlinska judovska skupnost povečuje zaradi priseljevanja iz nekdanje Sovjetske zveze in ker nekateri mladi Izraelci menijo, da je Berlin boljše mesto za življenje (in zabavo) kot Tel Aviv, Haifa ali Jeruzalem. Danes Berlin privablja ljudi iz Nemčije in iz vse Evrope, zlasti z juga celine. V Berlinu boste našli diasporo, ki je zelo blizu vseh narodnosti, vere in nacionalnega porekla. To pomeni, da se je Berlin sposoben nenehno znova izumljati, toda Berlinčan, rojen in vzgojen, je nekaj redkega prizora zunaj nekaterih oddaljenih sosesk.

Dandanes konflikte med vzhodnjaki in zahodnjaki pogosto nadomestijo šale o Švabih, ki slovijo po varčnosti, vzdržljivosti in slišnem narečju. Številni Švabi so se zgrnili v soseske, kot je Prenzlauer Berg, in dobrodošlica ni bila vedno topla. Da ne bo pomote, pogosto so tisti, ki se najglasneje pritožujejo nad "Švabi" ali gentrifikacijo, tudi sami relativno nedavno prispeli.

Berlinčani so znani po določeni vrsti "humorja", ki se lahko zgodi kot navadna nesramnost do tistih, ki tega niso vajeni. Stereotipni Berliner slovi kot vljudna neposrednost tudi med Nemci, ki v prijetnostih in majhnih govorih na splošno vidijo malo koristi.

Berlin je tudi izjemno nereligiozno mesto z le približno četrtino prebivalstva, ki pripada bodisi protestantski bodisi katoliški cerkvi, ki ji sledijo iz davčnih razlogov. Mediji - še posebej tisti, ki so bili konzervativni in imajo sedež v pretežno katoliški južni Nemčiji - so zato Berlin imenovali "prestolnica ateistov".

Gospodarstvo

Pogled na Potsdamer Platz, sedeža Deutsche Bahn in Daimler

Pred drugo svetovno vojno je bil Berlin središče velikih nemških industrijskih podjetij in upravni sedež številnih podjetij na vseh področjih. Vendar so se številna podjetja kmalu po koncu vojne preselila na jug ali zahod, propadla ali so bila podržavljena v NDR. Berlin je posledično postal središče raziskav in ne proizvodnje. Medtem ko so se nekateri sedeži podjetij po združitvi preselili v Berlin, je prevlada glavnega mesta v nemškem gospodarstvu veliko manj izrazita kot v večini drugih evropskih držav. Kljub gospodarski rasti, ki je nastala zaradi preselitve prestolnice države v mesto, se je stopnja brezposelnosti v Berlinu povzpela nad 10%. Berlin je v Nemčiji znan tudi po tem, da je središče ustvarjalnih vej, kot sta oblikovanje in umetnost vseh vrst; v nekaterih kavarnah boste videli veliko ljudi, ki delajo (ali ne, odvisno od vaše definicije izraza) z izdelki Apple. Od ponovne združitve so nekatera podjetja ustanovila sedeže v Berlinu, vendar v mnogih primerih obstajajo predvsem zato, da imajo na založniškem pismu naslov "predstavnika" in veliko uprave, kaj šele, da bi razvoj ali proizvodnja še vedno potekala zunaj Berlina. V tem, kar mnogi Berlinčani upajo, da je znak spremembe trenda, je Berlin, ki ga je ustanovil industrijski konglomerat, Siemens v 20. letih 20. stoletja spet prestopil v "Siemensstadt", da bi imel glavno mesto za raziskave, administracijo in proizvodnjo.

Usmerjenost

Ker je Berlin zrasel iz več različnih mest in vasi, ni niti enega središča same po sebi ampak več centrov, ki lahko nekoliko otežijo orientacijo.

Apokrifni pregovor o ulični postavitvi Washingtona DC, namenjeni zmedi napadalnih vojsk, bi se lahko nanašal tudi na Berlin, če bi ga kdo sploh načrtoval. Berlinske ulice so zaradi razvoja mesta in desetletij razdelitve zmedene in ne sledijo logiki. Kardinalne smeri so malo koristne: skoraj nič ni poravnano naravnost vzhod-zahod niti sever-jug, niti nekdanja meja. Ulični znaki zato običajno nosijo imena mestnih četrti in včasih lokalne znamenitosti.

Mogoče obstajajo različne ulice z istim imenom raztreseni po mestu. Na primer, obstajajo vsaj tri ulice z imenom "Potsdamer Straße": ena v Lichtenradeu, ena v Zehlendorfu in druga v Giesendorfu. To v Berlinu ni nič nenavadnega, deloma tudi zato, ker je bil to kup ločenih mest in vasi. Nekatera pogostejša imena so bila od takrat spremenjena, vendar daleč ne vsa. Dobro je vedno imeti v mislih, v katero okrožje potujete. Nemške poštne številke so precej drobne in običajno se isto ime ulice ne sme pojaviti dvakrat v isti kodi, zato poskusite uporabiti polni naslov s poštno številko in / ali okrožjem. Taksisti nekako moramo (in običajno tudi) vemo večino teh čudnih in ponavljajočih se imen ulic. Medtem ko je v Istanbulu rojeni komik Serdar Somuncu namigoval na številne taksiste, ki so potomci Turčije, "Nemec ne bi šel v Istanbul, da bi postal taksist, a nešteto turških taksistov ljudi pripelje do enega od treh ducatov Goethe Straßen v Berlin vsak dan neuspešno ".

Ime ulice z obsegom hišnih številk; opazite tudi zelenega moža vzhodnega Berlina

Hišne številke ni nujno, da povsod tečete v isti smeri (gor ali dol). Na številnih ulicah se številke dvignejo na eni strani in se spustijo na drugi strani. Torej, da se ne boste izgubili, najprej preverite shemo oštevilčenja: ime ulice najdete skoraj na vsakem vogalu ulice. Isti znak bo običajno navedel obseg hišnih številk v tem segmentu.

U-Bahn in S-Bahn v Berlinu nosita brazgotine desetletij delitve in pomanjkanja sredstev po ponovni združitvi. Nastale so kot mešane črte z različnimi nakladalnimi profili, ki so jih zgradila zasebna podjetja in takrat neodvisna mesta. Poti so označene s številko in imenom njihove končne točke, zato si jih zapomnite, da ne želite prehoditi več kilometrov v napačno smer. Dober zemljevid javnega prevoza pride prav, več institucij pa razdeli zemljevide mest z označenimi postajališči mestnih železnic. U-Bahn, S-Bahn in na nekdanjem vzhodu Straßenbahn (tramvaj) so še vedno dober način za prevoz. Tudi avtobusi so čisti, zanesljivi in ​​razmeroma hitri.

Beri in glej

Berlin je svoj kulturni vrhunec verjetno dosegel v dvajsetih letih prejšnjega stoletja, čeprav so se od takrat številni umetniki veliko navdihovali v delih. Z naraščajočim in združenim kapitalom, ki je spet našel svoje mesto na svetovnem prizorišču, si prizadeva za nov vrh. O tem mestu je več leposlovnih del, kot bi jih potovalni vodnik verjetno lahko našteval, zato seznam ne poskuša biti izčrpen.

• Berlin Alexanderplatz, ki ga je leta 1929 napisal Alfred Döblin, zajame Berlin svojega časa in je bil trikrat spremenjen v film. Najbolj znana različica je 15½-urna magnum opus Rainerja Wernerja Fassbinderja, ki je bil razdeljen na 14 televizijskih epizod. Leta 2020 je izšel remake 21. stoletja, ki je na podlagi romana le ohlapno izšel.
• Emil in detektivi, najbolj znana in klasična otroška knjiga, postavljena v Berlinu, ki jo je leta 1929 izdal Erich Kästner. Emil, naivni podeželski fant, metropolo obišče prvič. Na poti ga nagovori in drogira kriminalec, ki vzame denar, ki naj bi ga Emil dostavil svoji babici. Fant se sramežljivo obrne na policijo, pomaga pa mu druščina berlinskih otrok, ki primer rešijo sami. Obstaja več filmskih različic zgodbe, ki je nastala med letoma 1931 in 2001.
• Wir Kinder vom Bahnhof Zoo, avtobiografijo iz leta 1978, ki jo je napisal "Christiane F." about a drug-addicted child prostitute in West Berlin. It was picturised in 1981 with a soundtrack by David Bowie.
• Run Lola Run (Nemško: Lola rennt), a 1998 movie about a small time criminal and his girlfriend set and filmed in Berlin. The plot is about Lola trying to get 100 000 Deutsche Marks for her boyfriend within 20 minutes. It is notable for its narrative style: it tells three different versions of the same story depending on Lola's decisions. It was one of the biggest post-reunification successes of German cinema.
• Adijo, Lenin!, a 2003 film set in East Berlin during the 1989/90 transition. The premise is the protagonist trying to ensure his mother, who fell into a coma shortly before the fall of the wall and awoke shortly afterwards, doesn't realise the GDR is no more. Making extensive use of typical East-Berlin scenery, among it Plattenbau housing and Karl Marx Straße, the movie is credited with kickstarting the "Ostalgie" (nostalgia for the GDR) trend of the 2000s and early 2010s.
• The Kangaroo Chronicles book series (2009–14) by Marc-Uwe Kling. The self-proclaimed "minor artist", who lives and works in Berlin, narrates his fictitious life with a communist kangaroo roommate; the two engage in several hijinks, often of a political bent, and hang out in a typical Berlin Eckkneipe (including stereotypical Berliner owner) philosophising about the injustices of capitalism and how modern society induces laziness. His minor characters often speak in stereotypical Berlin dialect and his observational comedy is spot-on. Kling frequently organises and hosts poetry slams in Berlin and has in the past read texts from his Kangaroo-related works there as well. A movie based on the books was released in 2020 to mixed reviews.
• Victoria, a 2015 film about one night in Berlin, shot in a single 140-minute take without cuts. The title character, a Spanish student in Berlin, runs into a gang of "real Berliners" who are much less sophisticated but exhibit a rough charm. They take Victoria to hidden spots, talking about all and sundry, flirting, and exchanging bits of their different life stories and philosophies. Eventually the group gets, rather inadvertently, involved in criminal activity, giving the film elements of a thriller and road movie through different parts of the city.
• Babylon Berlin (2017–present), a hit TV series about crime, nightlife, demimonde, drugs and political conflict in 1920s Berlin, loosely based on the crime novel series centered on detective Gereon Rath. Directed by Tom Tykwer, it is the most expensive non-anglophone TV series so far.

Glasba

There are countless musical tributes to Berlin, many of which praise the imperfections that are characteristic of the city. This is just a small selection:

• Paul Lincke's operetta song Berliner Luft (1904)
• Hildegard Knef's Berlin, dein Gesicht hat Sommersprossen (1966)
• Rauch-Haus-Song (1972) by leftist rock band Ton Steine Scherben, which became the anthem of the squatter scene and was covered by several punk bands
• David Bowie and Iggy Pop lived in West Berlin during the late-1970s. Bowie's albums Nizko, Heroji in Lodger are therefore known as the "Berlin Trilogy". Songs that are clearly about Berlin include Iggy's The Passenger (1977) and Bowie's nostalgic Where are we now? (2013)
• Wir stehn auf Berlin (1980) by Neue Deutsche Welle band Ideal
• Sido's rap Mein Block (2004) about life in the Märkisches Viertel, a deprived plattenbau estate
• Dickes B (2001) by reggae/dancehall combo Seeed and Schwarz zu blau (2009) by Seeed member Peter Fox

Berlin is a centre of electronic music of all kinds, and its legendary clubbing scene attracts people from around the globe. Film Berlin Calling, with music by Paul & Fritz Kalkbrenner (the former also playing the main role), is a celebration of this part of Berlin culture.

Govori

Signage and automatic announcements are often available in angleščina, and possibly other languages besides German. All signage related to the partition era is available in all three languages of the former occupiers (French, Russian and English). There are, however, surprisingly many people who speak little or no English, in particular among the elderly and people who grew up in the East, where Russian was taught in schools. This does not necessarily keep them from attempting to speak English with you if they notice an accent or halting German.

A lot of place names can a bit tricky even to fluent German speakers as they are of Slavic origin. The widespread -ow ending is to be pronounced /o:/ like a long German "o". Saying "Pankoff" or "Rudoff" will mark you as an out-of-towner and might cause jokes at your expense.

People who work in public transit and the tourism sector are now expected to speak at least some English, but they may not necessarily have much patience explaining the same thing over and over to tourists every single day, even when it's their job to do so, and the aforementioned Berlin rudeness / "humour" might come through when dealing with tourists.

Immigration and the Erasmus programme mean there are several other languages widely spoken. In particular, there are some 200,000 people of Turkish origin living in Berlin, mainly in the western districts. But don't assume someone speaks Turkish well (or at all) just because they have a Turkish surname. Foreign students originate from all over Europe, but Spanish, Greek and Italian speakers are especially numerous. As many students in Berlin are either Erasmus students or have been abroad elsewhere, you can reasonably expect students to speak at least passable English and often another European language.

The Berlin dialect (Berlinerisch) is still spoken by many people, particularly in outlying districts and neighbouring Brandenburg. Dialect is usually more pronounced in the East and some words are almost entirely unknown even in West Berlin. Some words used in the Berlin dialect:

• Schrippe: bread roll
• Stulle: sandwich
• Broiler: grilled chicken (people from western Germany and former West Berlin probably won't understand this; they say Grillhähnchen instead)

Vstopi

As the city was divided in two during the Cold War, many major parts of Berlin's infrastructure — such as airports — were built on both sides. The challenge today is to merge these two systems into one that serves all the people in the Metropolitan Berlin area. In terms of railway stations, this process is mostly finished, the new "single airport" finally opened nearly a decade late in autumn 2020 but the central bus station is still undergoing seemingly endless renovation.

Z letalom

• 52.36224666666713.5006716666671 Mednarodno letališče Berlin Brandenburg (BER ^IATA). started operations on 31 October 2020 on the extended grounds of former Schönefeld airport (now Terminal 5), East Germany's main airport, right outside the southeastern border of the city proper. Berlin Airport does not have a "home carrier" and is not the hub of any airline but it does have a pretty comprehensive network of European destinations served by Easyjet, Ryanair, Eurowings and a bunch of legacy carriers, a good number of Mediterranean "sun" destinations (many of them seasonal) but only a handful of transatlantic routes.  

Berlin inherited airports from both sides of the Berlin Wall. West Berlin, for which air transportation was crucial, had three at the moment of reunification: RAF Gatow in the British sector, which was only used by the British and closed in 1994, Tempelhof Airport in the American sector, which was closed in 2008 and turned into a public park and fairgrounds, and Tegel Airport in the French sector which closed on November 8, 2020. There was a minor airfield called Johannisthal in the Soviet sector but it was unused from the 1950s to its official closure in the mid 1990s. The main airport of East Berlin and indeed the Zentralflughafen of East Germany as a whole was in Schönefeld, just south of the city boundary. It is at this site that a new airport, Berlin Brandenburg Airport, was built and opened in 2020 — eight years late and several hundred percent over budget.

Getting from the airport to central Berlin

Your options in getting to and from the airport in pictogram form

The airport contains two separate terminal buildings, both with their own train stations and access facilities. There is no easy way to walk between Terminal 1 and Terminal 5 of Berlin Brandenburg Airport. The airport is in Fare Zone C of the Berlin public transit fare system, so you will have to use a ticket valid in BC or ABC. Tickets valid only in AB or the DB "City Ticket" are ne valid for travel to the airport and you are subject to a €60 fine if caught using the wrong ticket or no ticket at all.

To Terminal 5

Terminal 5 is the new name of what used to be the main terminal of the old Schönefeld Airport. While there were plans to shut it down when the new airport opens originally, it'll likely remain operational, at the very least until Terminals 3 and 4 open. Terminal 5 is mostly served by Low Cost Carriers who wish to avoid higher fees associated with using the more modern Terminal 1. Terminal 5 is served by  S45  in  S9  both stopping at 52.391413.51282 Flughafen BER - Terminal 5 station.   which may show up as "Schönefeld" on older maps. You can also take bus X7 from the southern endpoint of  U7  "Rudow" which stops both at the airport train station and a bit closer to Terminal 5.

To Terminal 1

The building that houses Terminal 1 also houses the completed but not yet opened (due to Covid-19) Terminal 2 and will in the future house Terminals 3 and 4. It is served by 52.364284113.50815733 Berlin Brandenburg Airport railway station.  . As Terminal 1 is served both by more airlines and by higher prestige full service carriers there is a bigger assortment of transportation options. There is a "Flughafen-Express" (FEX) or Airport Express from Berlin Main Station via Ostkreuz and Gesundbrunnen which is the fastest option from main station to airport. There are also several IC lines going to destinations like Dresden or Rostock - they also stop at the main station. After having served the Terminal 5 station,  S9  in  S45  also stop at the terminal 1 station (though they serve one intermediate station in between). Bus X7 also serves Terminal 1.

Should you, for some crazy reason, wish to drive to the airport, use A113 and follow signposting.

Z vlakom

The new central station (Hauptbahnhof)

Hauptbahnhof with Regional- and S-Bahn train

The "mushroom design" was chosen for long-distance and urban trains after reunification and mostly built as shown here

Wikivoyage ima vodnik po Rail travel in Germany

The central station 52.5254913.369134 Hauptbahnhof (Central Station) skupaj z 52.4754913.364745 Südkreuz (Južni križ, formerly Papestraße) and 52.5100113.434546 Ostbahnhof (Eastern Station) — plus minor 52.5493913.388787 Gesundbrunnen in the north and 52.5347313.198398 Spandau in the west — forms the backbone of all connections. All are connected to S- or U-Bahn. All trains stop at Hauptbahnhof and a second major hub (depending on your itinerary). Regional trains stop at several stations within Berlin, almost all of them also at Hauptbahnhof and all stop at least at one major long-distance hub. The Hauptbahnhof opened in 2006 and is situated between the S-Bahn stations Friedrichstraße and Bellevue. It is an impressive feat of architecture with many shops, most of them open on Sundays. Given its size, the distances between train platforms are surprisingly short. However, try to avoid tight connections, as the multilevel layout can be confusing at first and Berlin Hauptbahnhof is a good place to kill half an hour at any rate. The new 'Hauptbahnhof' may appear as 'Lehrter Bahnhof' on older maps.

 U5  connects the Hauptbahnhof to Alexanderplatz and destinations further east. Three S-Bahn lines ( S3 ,  S5 ,  S7 ) serve the station as do three tram lines (M5, M8, M10). The tram lines serve the Main Station coming from the East with plans to extend them westwards. M10 is particularly known as a "party tram" due to its route serving several nightlife hotspots and has been the subject of many a newspaper article. In addition to these transport options mostly oriented East-West a new S-Bahn line, tentatively called "S21" is under construction serving as another north–south spine through Hauptbahnhof.

During partition Berlin had two main train stations: Zoologischer Garten (practically universally referred to in speech as Živalski vrt Bahnhof ali samo Živalski vrt) in the West, and Ostbahnhof na vzhodu. The latter was named "Hauptbahnhof" from 1987 to 1998. Since the opening of the Hauptbahnhof, most ICE and international lines no longer stop at Zoologischer Garten, although regional DB services and S U-Bahn services still stop there.

Berlin is served by all the train types Deutsche Bahn (DB) has on offer, including high speed ICE, somewhat slower IC, and EuroCity (EC) operated by DB and other European railway companies. Connections to the rest of Germany are excellent and most of Europe is reachable with one or two changes. While train routes to Berlin suffered during partition, they were a high federal priority following reunification and today Berlin has fast train connections to the west and south. Trains due north and east are still a bit slower. For example, the line to Dresden is slower today than it was in the 1930s when streamlined steam trains plied the route.

Domestic trains to Berlin include ICE services from Hamburg, München prek Leipzig/Halle, Erfurt in Nürnberg with the fastest trains arriving in Berlin less than four hours after departure from Munich, IC/EC services from Dresden, and several "regional" trains, which have more intermediate stops and longer travel time than ICE. Among these the IRE from Hamburg might be of interest due to its cheap fixed price (€19.90 one way, €29.90 round trip). Berlin is also a stop for several "ICE Sprinter" services - ICE trains with fewer or no intermediate stops intended to lure business travellers from planes onto trains with faster travel times.

Berlin is also served by a private competitor of DB: Flixtrain. They run one train per day and direction to and from Stuttgart via Wolfsburg and other stops as well as one daily train from Köln prek Bielefeld, Hannover, in Wolfsburg. Tickets are sold through Flixbus which is mostly a bus operator. Flixtrain trains have four stops in Berlin; Lichtenberg, Ostbahnhof, Hauptbahnhof and Bahnhof Zoo. Flixtrain doesn't accept any DB tickets, and the same is true vice-versa

The Austrian railway company ÖBB (under the name Nightjet) runs spalni vlaki to Berlin from Dunaj (11 hr) and Zürich (12 hr).

There are also long-haul sleeper trains from Moskva prek Minsk in Brest, vodijo RZD at least once a week, with greatly increased departures during spring and summer. From the other direction, this train originates in Pariz the night before, making it a handy overnight connection between the two cities - and the only sleeper train between Germany and France. Apart from a summer-only service from Kalinjingrad, there are as of 2017, no other overnight trains from Eastern European and Russian cities.

Z avtobusom

52.507613.27989 Zentraler Omnibusbahnhof (ZOB) (Central Bus Terminal) (v Charlottenburg, Masurenallee.). Avtobusi na dolge razdalje generally arrive here. There are numerous buses to all directions and the U-Bahn stops (Theodor-Heuss-Platz ali Kaiserdamm; both U2) or the S-Bahn stop (Messe Nord/ICC S41/42 and S46) is a 5-minute-walk away. Follow signposting. Some bus lines have other stops around Berlin, often including Südkreuz and/or the airport. The bus station is not really close to anything. Retail services are limited and the prices as high as one might expect at a gas station. From 2016 to 2022 the station is undergoing renovation and expansion to cope with rising and changing demand - the station will remain operational throughout the expansion but some services may become temporarily unavailable. As part of the purpose of the works is to reduce average dwell times from half an hour to 15 minutes it will also benefit those just driving through or connecting. The bus station website lists all departures and arrivals including the company running the service so it is a good place to look for up-to-date travel options.  

• Flixbus - the biggest player in the market
• Blablabus - Flixbus' first serious challenger since Flixbus took over the market entered Germany with cheap fares to attract attention
• Eurolines
• Pinkbus
• student agency mostly serving the Hamburg - Berlin - Dresden - Praga corridor
• Polskibus mostly to/from Poljska

Z avtom

Berlin's "capital beltway", the A10 Berliner Ring, extends up to 30 km (19 mi) outside the city limits and actually only touches Berlin itself in the Northeast. It was built in the GDR era as the longest circular motorway in the world to direct traffic around West-Berlin but has since been surpassed in length by Beijing's sixth ring road and also Beijing's seventh ring road when it opens. At 196 km (122 mi) it is 8 km (5.0 mi) longer than the M25 around London, Europe's second longest orbital motorway. These motorways (enumerated in a clockwise direction) connect with the ring:

• A11 from Stettin ob Dreieck Schwanebeck
• A12 from Frankfurt (Oder)/Varšava ob Dreieck Spreeau
• A13 from Dresden/Praga ob Kreuz Schönefeld
• A9 from Leipzig/München ob Dreieck Potsdam
• A2 from Hannover/Dortmund ob Dreieck Werder
• A24 from Hamburg ob Dreieck Havelland.

From the ring, these are the motorways heading towards the city:

• A111 from the northwest at Kreuz Oranienburg
• A114 from the north at Dreieck Pankow
• A113 from the southeast at Schönefelder Kreuz
• A115 from the southwest at Dreieck Nuthetal.

There are also dual carriageways:

• B96 from the north and the south
• B2 from the northeast
• B5 from the east and west
• B101 from the south.

Inside Berlin there is a heavily congested inner ring motorway (A100), which encircles the north, west and south with the northeastern section missing. Berlin driving is not for the faint-hearted, but manageable as there are wide streets and reasonably good parking conditions - at least in most parts of the city.

Berlin has a low emission zone (Umweltzone), which contains all areas within the S-Bahn ring. All vehicles moving inside this zone (including foreign vehicles) are required to bear a green emissions sticker (Feinstaubplakette). There are exceptions, e.g., for historic cars, but not for foreign number plates. The sticker can be ordered on-line.

By ship

Being some 200 km (120 mi) inland, Berlin does not have a seaport. The nearest seaport is Rostock-Warnemünde, which is 2½-3 hours away by train, though still sold by many cruise ship operators as "Berlin", so don't be surprised. There are similar distances to the seaports of Hamburg in Szczecin. The latter was "Berlin's port" until 1945, but Cold War neglect and the newly drawn German-Polish border have all but severed that connection. There have been only slow attempts in the 2010s and 2020s to re-establish the link.

Some river cruises start or end at Berlin, using the Havel, Spree and some canals for cruises to Praga ali Baltsko morje. While river cruises in this area are nowhere near as popular as those along Rhine or Danube, there is some charming nature rather close to Berlin. Most cruises include a tour of Berlin as the river Spree runs close to many sights.

S kolesom

The 700-km Berlin-Copenhagen Cycle Route and the 340-km Berlin-Usedom Cycle Route both end in Berlin.

Obiti

A ship passes below the Sandkrugbrücke in Moabit

Z javnim prevozom

As Berlin is a major metropolis with pretty decent public transit, you should take buses, trains and trams whenever possible as those cover most of the city and are often the fastest way to get to places. The Berliner Verkehrsbetriebe (BVG) list all their fares on their website. Consult their Berlin route planner (in English) to get excellent maps and schedules for the U-Bahn, buses, S-Bahn local trains (RB and RE) and trams, or to print your personal journey planner. The route planner can also calculate the fastest door-to-door route for your destination for any given day and hour. However, the route planner assumes a rather slow walking speed. It might suggest taking a bus or tram for a single stop where healthy adults would be faster walking. The planner will let you pick between three walking speeds, but even the fastest walking speed is not terribly fast if you have no luggage. While BVG doesn't run S-Bahn or local trains, they are covered by the website and can be used with the same tickets.

• BVG's customer service, ☏ 49 30 19449. If you don't know how to get somewhere, or how to get home at night, BVG's customer service number. Most U-Bahn and some S-Bahn stations have call points from which you can contact customer service directly. Some BVG buses and tram lines run 24 hours a day, seven days a week. 

Vstopnice

The public transport system in Berlin (U-, S-Bahn, bus, tram, regional rail) uses a common ticket system based on zones (zone A, B and C). You are unlikely going beyond zone A and B, except on trips to Potsdam or to the airport (BER). The border between zones A and B is the S-Bahn Ring (see below). Zone C includes trips to and within Potsdam.

The following tickets can be used for single journeys:

• Single Ticket. The standard single journey ticket. It is valid for any travel within two hours of validation, in a single direction, within the appropriate fare zones. There is no limit to transfers, but return journeys are ne allowed. Price: Berlin AB €2.80 (reduced €1.70); Berlin ABC €3.40 (reduced €2.50).
• 4-trip ticket (4 Fahrten Karte). This gives you 4 single trip tickets at a cheaper cost. Price: Berlin AB €9.00 (reduced €5.60).
• Short trip (Kurzstrecke). For a single journey you can buy a cheap Kurzstrecke for €1.70, but this is only valid for 3 stops on the U-Bahn or S-Bahn (transfers permitted) or 6 stops on buses or trams (no transfers). The stations included in a short tip ticket are indicated on schedules posted at bus and tram stops.

Several options are available for unlimited travel:

• 24 hour Ticket (24 Stunden Karte) - valid for 24 hours from validation for unlimited travel within specific zones (€8.80 for AB, €9.20 for BC and €10 for ABC as of February 2021)
• Small Group Day Ticket AB (Kleingruppen-Tageskarte). A day ticket valid for up to five people. For groups of three or more, this ticket is cheaper than individual day tickets. Price: Berlin AB €19.90, Berlin ABC €20.80.
• 7-Day-Ticket AB (7-Tagekarte). A ticket valid for seven days. Price: Berlin AB €30, Berlin ABC €37.50.
• Berlin CityTourCard. Ticket valid for all public transport services in Berlin, Potsdam and the surrounding area (depending on the covered zones) and a discount card for many tourist attractions; available in several different versions: 48 hours AB €17.40; 72 hours AB €24.50; 5 dni AB €31.90. Add a few euros if you want to go to Potsdam (fare zone ABC). A folded leaflet with inner city map and an overview of the S-Bahn and U-Bahn railway networks of Berlin is included. Can be bought at ticket machines and various sales points (Berlin airports, larger train stations, hotels or online).
• Berlin WelcomeCard. Unlimited travel with all methods of public transport for the validity of the ticket; save up to 50% on more than 200 tourist and cultural highlights; handy guide in pocket book format with insider tips and tour suggestions; city plan for Berlin and Potsdam and a network plan for public transport. Can be bought at various sales points (Berlin airports, larger train stations, hotels or online).

Tickets valid for only B and C are available as well, which you might need for a single trip to Schönefeld Airport from somewhat out of the way lodgings. There is only one way to get a ticket samo valid in A: Deutsche Bahn offers "City Tickets" as an add-on for their long distance train tickets and in Berlin those are only valid for a single trip inside the A zone.

Reduced fares apply for children 6 to 14. Children under 6 ride free.

Purchasing tickets

Tickets can be purchased in several ways. Upon arrival at the different Berlin airports, some tickets can be purchased at the tourist desk. All tickets are available at vending machines at the airports, U- and S-Bahn platforms, and passengers may also use the vending machines operated by DB at long-distance and regional railway stations to purchase the same. English and other European languages are available. Payment is mostly by local bank cards, coins and banknotes. If you need assistance most larger stations have staffed ticket counters where you can ask questions and buy tickets. Avtobusi will accept cash, and make change for tickets. Hotels may sell tickets as well. It is also possible to purchase tickets with an overseas debit or credit card (i.e. Visa and Mastercard) via the BVG mobile app in DB Navigator app (from the menu, tap Transport associations potem VBB - Berlin & Brandenburg and select the appropriate ticket) but ensure that the device your ticket is loaded into has sufficient battery life to last the duration of the journey.

In some places people will try to sell used tickets to you. You can go only one direction with a single-journey ticket (check the validation stamp and be careful as this could also be a pickpocket trick). Don't pay more than half the price.

Validating tickets

You need to validate your ticket using the machines on the U- and S-bahn platforms or in the bus. The machines are yellow/white in the U-Bahn and the bus, and red on S-Bahn platforms. Validation simply means the machine prints a time stamp onto the ticket to indicate the beginning of the ticket's validity period. Alternatively, if travelling on the regional trains (see next section), a conductor may validate the ticket for you whilst on board by punching a time stamp. Once validated, a ticket which is still valid does not need to be re-validated before each single trip. When purchasing tickets through the DB Navigator app, passengers can opt to validate their ticket immediately after purchase so there is no need to do anything further to validate it.

Whilst it might be tempting to try to avoid buying a ticket given the absence of physical barriers, plain-clothed inspectors do patrol the trains. Obstaja €60 fine if you are caught without a validated ticket or if the device your ticket is loaded into runs out of battery shortly before or during inspection. Ticket inspections are arguably more common than in other cities and the inspectors more strict than in other cities. Don't even try to outrun one. They'll catch you and be all the more pissed at you. In some cases fare inspectors have not shirked from using physical force to restrain would be fare-evaders. Fare dodging cases rarely go to court unless for repeat offenders.

Z vlakom

A geographic representation of the S-Bahn lines; the ring looks somewhat like a dog's head if you squint

If you need to get around the city quickly, take the S-Bahn.

S- and Regionalbahn station Alexanderplatz

The Ringbahn that goes all around Berlin in a circle (or as local politicians would have it "a dog's head") lets you get to other parts of the city really fast.

The S-Bahn originates from a circular railway ("Ringbahn") and an east–west trunk ("Stadtbahn") built in 19th century to provide better connectivity between the terminus stations (similar to the way train stations are laid out in Paris or London today) which were later quadruple tracked with two tracks electrified for S-Bahn service (and later two tracks electrified with the mainline system) and in the 1930s a North-South Tunnel was added exclusively for the S-Bahn. The four stops where those intersect are named (x-)kreuz (x being the cardinal direction) with the exception of the Northern one which is officially Bahnhof Gesundbrunnen but sometimes referred to as "Nordkreuz". So there is Ostkreuz, Westkreuz, Südkreuz and Gesundbrunnen. The S-Bahn was neglected in the West during most of Berlin partition (see infobox for the reasons why) and some routes that were abandoned in this era are still not rebuilt and maybe never will. The S-Bahn is being expanded, however, and the network is now seamless: the former border is hardly ever notable to the casual observer. In the centre, most S-Bahn lines  S5 ,  S7 ,  S75  run on an east–west route between Ostkreuz and Westkreuz via the stops Warschauer Straße, Ostbahnhof, Jannowitzbrücke, Alexanderplatz, Hackescher Markt, Friedrichstraße, Hauptbahnhof, Bellevue, Tiergarten, Zoologischer Garten, Savignyplatz and Charlottenburg. Other lines run along a circle track around the city, most notably the  S8  in  S41 ,  S42 ,  S45 ,  S46  lines, and there's also a north–south connection  S1 ,  S2 ,  S25  from Gesundbrunnen through Friedrichstraße and Potsdamer Platz to Südkreuz or Schöneberg.

Regional trains (RB, RE) run along the same central east–west connection, but stopping only at Lichtenberg or Karlshorst, Ostbahnhof, Alexanderplatz, Friedrichstraße, Hauptbahnhof, Zoologischer Garten, Charlottenburg and Spandau or Wannsee, as well as other lines connecting north–south from Jungfernheide or Gesundbrunnen through Hauptbahnhof, Potsdamer Platz and Südkreuz to Lichterfelde-Ost. Between the stations in the city centre, RB and RE trains run only two to three times an hour per direction so whilst you may be arriving at your destinations faster than with the S-bahn, you may have to wait longer to catch an RB/RE train. Long distance trains mostly run to Hauptbahnhof, often with one or two extra stops at other stations and local tickets are normally not valid for trips on these stretches.

U-Bahn

U-Bahn route map; the S-Bahn is visible in light gray for reference

Subway U3 station: Heidelberger Platz

The Berlin U-Bahn (commonly understood to be short for Untergrundbahn - "underground railway") is a network of ten lines across the city. They are numbered from 1 to 9 with the prefix "U" ( U1  U2  U3  U4  U5  U6  U7  U8  U9 ). You may find the U-Bahn network slightly less logical and convenient to use than in other European capitals, as Berlin's troubled history made its mark on it and many key locations remain unconnected, which is why using buses, trams and S-Bahn to complement the U-Bahn is probably necessary for efficient travel throughout Berlin. However, as those systems are fully integrated (see above), you can do so with only one ticket or type of ticket. Generally speaking in the east trams are more widespread while the west relies more heavily on U-Bahn, but that has been slowly changing since 1990.

Despite the name "underground", some 20% of the network is actually made up of overground stretches running over characteristic viaducts throughout the city, adding a certain flavour to Berlin's cityscape. This arrangement is similar to many older subway systems which include elevated or even at-grade sections like the Hamburg system or the M2 / M6 lines in Pariz. Unlike light rail systems or the Berlin tram however, vse parts of the network have their own right of way and subways don't have level crossings.

Detailed maps can be found in every U-Bahn station and on the trains. U-Bahn stations can be seen from far by their big, friendly blue U signs. Skupaj z S-Bahn (which is administered by Deutsche Bahn and mostly runs aboveground), the U-Bahn provides a transportation network throughout greater Berlin that is extremely efficient and fast. On weekends (Friday to Sunday), and during the Christmas and New Year holidays, all U-Bahn and S-Bahn lines (except line U4) run all night, so returning from late night outings is easy, especially given the average start time of most 'parties' in Berlin (23:00 to 01:00). During the week there is no U-Bahn or S-Bahn service from c. 01:00-04:30, but metro trams/buses and special Night Buses (parallel to the U-Bahn line) run every half an hour 12:30-04:30.

There are no turnstiles to limit access to U-Bahn station platforms; it is thus physically possible to ride (but illegal) without a ticket. If one is caught by a ticket checker you will be fined €60 (see "Validating tickets" above) so it is not worth the risk to ride without carrying a valid ticket. However, it is generally not a problem to pass through the U-bahn platforms to merely get to the other side of the street.

Nearly all U- and S-Bahn stations now have electronic signs that display the expected arrival of the next train (and its direction), based on sensors along the lines.

Design-wise, U-Bahn stations are about as diverse as you'd expect for a system that started operations when the Kaiser reigned and has been expanded in phases of overflowing as well as empty municipal coffers. Quite a handful of stations built before World War II were designed by the Swedish architect Alfred Grenander (died 1931) whose designs are much lauded and who included some useful features like having each station dominated by a certain color which - where it is still visible to the untrained eye - helps in quickly recognizing a station. From the mid 1960s to mid 1990s most stations built in West Berlin were designed by Rainer G. Rümmler (1929-2004) who gave each station a much more individual look compared to Grenander who preferred to vary only small details like the color of the tiles. East Berlin relied more on trams and S-Bahn and the U5 which was mostly built above ground is the only line extended by east Berlin. The only underground U-Bahn station built by east Germany is "Tierpark" along U5. There are of course other stations, designed by other architects; for the new U5 extension, "Museumsinsel" station will surely impress visitors when it opens (summer 2021 maybe) with a rather grandiose design inspired by Prussian "star architect" Karl Friedrich Schinkel, who designed many buildings in the vicinity.

By tram (streetcar)

the tram network as of 2015

The trams (Straßenbahn) are mostly found in East Berlin, as the West Berlin tram network was shut down in the 1960s in an effort to make the city more car friendly. If you don't already have a ticket, you can buy one inside the tram. Since reunification there has been a gradual "reconquista" of areas once served by trams in West-Berlin and in some parts of Mitte it is hard to tell from trams alone where the wall used to be. In outlying districts of West Berlin, however, trams are still nowhere to be found - in stark contrast to the East, where they provide much needed access to planned bedroom communities from East German times. The red-red-green coalition sworn in in 2016 has stated a firm commitment towards more trams and there are plans to expand and improve the network before the end of the parliamentary term in 2021.

There are two types of tram. Metrotrams usually have a 24/7 schedule as well as higher frequencies during daytimes, although stops are more spread out. Metrotrams are marked by an "M" in front of their line number (e.g., M10). "Regular" trams stop more frequently and even incorporate picturesque single-track rides through forested areas far east of the Mitte district.

Despite being called "tram" the network has almost all characteristics of light rail and new lines are always built with their own right of way, making travel times faster than by bus. Even compared to some other trams in other German cities, the newest generation of Berlin trams have impressive acceleration, so take care when boarding and try to get a seat or hold onto something, especially if you're not sure on your feet.

Z avtobusom

Berlin's buses are a very important form of public transportation, as they complement the light rail systems wherever they were removed (trams in the West) or remain incomplete. Due to the heavy loads and demands of narrow streets, Berlin is one of the few cities in Europe to use double-decker buses extensively - over 400 of the 1400 buses in operation in Berlin are double-deckers. A ride in a Berlin double-decker should be on the to-do list of every first-time visitor to Berlin. However, there are a couple of important things to be aware of. The double-decker buses have two staircases - by custom you go up the front staircase and down the rear one, not the other way around. Most drivers will not wait for you to descend the stairs while the bus is at the stop - unless there is a queue of people descending the stairs you should make sure you are at the exit door when the bus pulls up. Unlike other world cities, you should not flag down buses at stops in Berlin, even if there are multiple routes serving the stop. Some drivers may consider it an insult to their professionalism. A frequent problem with buses, particularly busy lines during rush hour and especially in the West (where they have to cope with levels of patronage more common for light rail lines) is bunching. Ker veliko avtobusov prihaja vsakih pet minut v prometnih časih, bo prvi avtobus sprejel večino potnikov, kar pomeni, da avtobus zadaj dohiti, kar pomeni, da drugi avtobus še manj potnikov dohiti, dokler končno ne prideta dva ali tri avtobuse. minut narazen ali celo istočasno, nato pa avtobus za 15 minut ne pride kljub nominalnim 5-minutnim korakom. Družba BVG je glede tega precej samozavestna, vendar je poleg gradnje novih tramvajskih prog zelo malo mogoče storiti glede tega. Hitro vkrcanje in odmik od vrat je najbolje, da težavo omilite.

V Berlinu obstajajo različne vrste avtobusov, ki so na zemljevidih ​​javnega prevoza označeni posebej:

• Metro avtobusi naj bi nadomestili razstavljene tramvajske proge večinoma znotraj zahodnega dela mesta (čeprav jih veliko naleti tudi na Vzhodni Berlin, da bi nadomestili pretrgane tramvajske povezave). Označeni so s črko "M" in dvomestnimi številkami in veljajo za ločeno prevozno sredstvo od ostalih avtobusov, na oznakah in zemljevidih ​​so označeni oranžno, tako kot tramvaji (oranžni logotip "M" pomeni "MetroBus" MetroTram). MetroBuse ponavadi vozijo po glavnih prometnih koridorjih in jih na splošno vozijo z dvonadstropnimi avtobusi, zaradi česar je njihova uporaba zelo privlačna za turiste. MetroBuse običajno vozijo vsakih 10 minut od vsakega postajališča, ki ga vozijo. Med linijami so še posebej privlačne za turiste M19 in M29, ki potekajo vzdolž Kurfürstendamma in Krka M41, ki povezuje okrožja Kreuzberg in Neukölln z glavno postajo prek Potsdamer Platz.
• Express avtobusne linije zelo hitro povežite pomembne lokacije, kot so letališča in železniške postaje, tako da preskočite veliko postankov na poti. Vsakih 5 minut vozijo v središču mesta z dvonadstropnimi avtobusi ali zgibnimi avtobusi. Ekspresne črte so označene s črko "X" in eno ali dvema števkama. Hitri avtobus, ki posebej zanima turiste, je X7 od letališča (ki služi tako terminalu 5 kot terminalu 1/2) do končne točke U-Bahn U7 pri Rudowu.
• Redne avtobusne linije imajo trimestne številke in vsaka od njihovih številk pomeni, da lahko zavzeti uporabniki javnega prevoza razberejo natančno pot, ki jo vodi avtobus. Ti avtobusi bodo popotnikom v glavnem koristni le, če bodo želeli priti do določene lokacije, ki je ne služi z drugimi prevoznimi sredstvi, vključno z metroji ali hitrimi avtobusi.
  • Dve izjemi sta posebni ogledi 100 in 200, ki vozijo vzdolž nekaterih najpomembnejših turističnih znamenitosti v središču mesta in se vozijo izključno z dvonadstropnimi avtobusi. The 100 teče od Zoologischer Garten do Alexanderplatza skozi park Tiergarten, Regierungsviertel in ulico Unter den Linden. The 200 preusmeri s te poti, da bi obiskal Kulturforum, Potsdamer Platz in se vzhodno podaljšal od Alexanderplatza do Prenzlauer Berga. Vsak obiskovalec Berlina mora biti vsaka vožnja. Berlinski start-up "Mestni pirati" ponuja brezplačen zvočni vodnik za avtobus 100, ki samodejno predvaja zvočne informacije o znamenitostih na poti prek lokalizacije GPS (nemščina in angleščina, Android und iOS). V poletnem avtobusu 218 vas popelje po slikoviti vožnji skozi gozd Grunewald v Zahodnem Berlinu, ki se začne na postaji podzemne železnice Theodor-Heuss-Platz (U2) in konča v bližini znamenitega Pfaueninsela v jugozahodnem Berlinu, kjer se lahko z manjšim trajektom pripeljete do omenjenega otoka in obiščete park in tamkajšnji grad.
• Nočni avtobusi obratujejo ponoči, ko druga prevozna sredstva ne.
  • Enomestne proge zamenjajo podzemne železnice ponoči, ko slednje ne obratujejo, in se ustavijo na postajališčih tik nad postajami U-Bahn. Oštevilčenje sledi oštevilčenju linij U-Bahn, vendar namesto "U" uporablja "N", tako da N7 je avtobusna linija, ki nadomešča U7 U-Bahn linija.
  • Druge dvomestne nočne linije (N10 skozi N97) pokrivajo druge poti, vendar brez neposrednega sklicevanja na dnevne številke poti

Med različnimi vrstami avtobusov ni razlike v cenah - tudi MetroBuse, 100 in 200 zahtevajo enake cene kot običajni avtobusi. Zato je vožnja z mestnimi avtobusi zelo stroškovno učinkovit način raziskovanja mesta v primerjavi s številnimi zasebnimi "hop-on / hop-off oglednimi avtobusnimi ogledi". Obstajata dve izjemi od tega pravila, vendar dejansko ne služita nobeni točki znotraj meja Berlina, in sicer "BER1" in "BER2", letališki hitri avtobusi do Letališče Berlin Brandenburg ki zaračunavajo doplačilo poleg običajne cene BVG. Če želite več informacij o njih, si oglejte članek o letališču.

S kolesom

Poglej tudi: Kolesarjenje # Nemčija

Berlin nima strmih gričev in ponuja veliko kolesarskih poti (Radwege) po mestu (čeprav niso vsi zelo gladki). Sem spadajo 860 km popolnoma ločenih kolesarskih poti, 60 km kolesarskih stez na ulicah, 50 km kolesarskih stez na pločnikih ali pločnikih, 100 km kombiniranih pešpoti in 70 km kombiniranih avtobusno-kolesarskih stez na ulicah . Kolesa so med prebivalci Berlina zelo priljubljen način prevoza in skoraj vedno obstaja določena stopnja kolesarskega prometa. Politična razprava v dvajsetih letih 20. stoletja se je odločno spremenila v prid kolesarjenju, saj je mestni plebiscit povzročil, da je vladajoča sredina / leva rdeče-zeleno-koalicija v zakon podpisala obsežen program v prid večji in boljši kolesarski infrastrukturi, ki pobudniki plebiscita so izjavili, da skrbno spremljajo, da se zagotovi izvajanje. V času Pandemija covid19 po mestu je bilo postavljenih veliko "pop-up kolesarskih stez", še posebej pa v Ljubljani Brezirke prevladujejo zeleni in levičarji. Medijsko poročanje in javne izjave politikov kažejo, da bo večina "pojavnih kolesarskih stez" ostala tudi po koncu pandemije.

Ogled Berlina s kolesom je nedvomno odličen način za seznanitev z velikimi turističnimi kraji, pa tudi z majhnimi zabavami in stranskimi ulicami. Verjetno najbolj znana kolesarska pot je Mauerradweg, kolesarska steza ob nekdanjem berlinskem zidu. Čeprav je dobro imeti svoj zemljevid, lahko svojo lokacijo vedno preverite na kateri koli postaji podzemne železnice in številnih avtobusnih postajah. Ti lahko ustvarite svoje kolesarske karte na spletu, optimizirano z manj prometnimi potmi ali manj semaforji ali vašim najljubšim tlakovanjem.

Ogledi in najemi

Tradicionalni kraji za najem so zelo razširjeni, zlasti na območjih, ki jih obiskujejo turisti. Poglejte si ali povprašajte po namestitvi. Večina krajev ima najemnino med 8 in 12 EUR na dan - so odlična vrednost in vam dajo svobodo raziskovanja velikega mesta.

Če niste seznanjeni z lastnim iskanjem po mestu ali če želite več pojasnil o znamenitostih, ki jih obiščete, si lahko ogledate vodene kolesarske ture (z vključenim kolesom) na Baja Kolesa ali Berlin Bike.

Berlin ima tudi program za izmenjavo koles, LIDL-BIKE (nekdaj Call a Bike), po katerem so kolesa na voljo po vsem mestu, da jih lahko prevzamete in zapustite kjer koli želite. Kolesa so sivo / zelena in jih najdete v osrednjih okrožjih Berlina. Sledite navodilom na zaslonu na dotik kolesa ali uporabite mobilno aplikacijo. Stroški najema, osnovna letna pristojbina 3 €, nato 1 € za vsakih 30 minut do največ 15 € na dan. Lahko pa raje plačate mesečno naročnino v višini 9 EUR ali letno v višini 49 EUR in dobite prvih 30 minut vsakega najema brezplačno, tudi takoj po vrnitvi prejšnjega kolesa.

Kolesa v javnem prevozu

S kolesom se lahko odpeljete na katero koli mestno in podzemno železnico, vlake in tramvaje po določenih območjih. Trajekti imajo običajno prostor za kolesa, vendar se lahko ob konicah in lepem vremenu stisnejo. Avtobusi ne vozijo koles, razen nočnih avtobusov N1-N9 ponoči med nedeljo in ponedeljkom ter četrtkom in petkom (takrat nočne službe U-Bahna ni). Ti avtobusi imajo prostor za eno kolo. Prostor za kolesa v katerem koli načinu javnega prevoza je omejen in vstop vam bo morda zavrnjen. Invalidski vozički in vozički imajo prednost pred kolesi.

Vstopnico morate kupiti tudi za kolo. Cene so naslednje:

• Posamezno potovanje. Berlin AB 1,90 €, Berlin ABC 2,50 €.
• Dnevna vstopnica. Berlin AB 4,80 €, Berlin ABC 5,40 €.
• Kratek izlet (Kurzstrecke). Cena: 1,20 €.

S taksijem

Taksi storitve so enostavne za uporabo in nekoliko cenejše kot v mnogih drugih velikih srednjeevropskih mestih. Lahko pokličete taksi (rumena lučka na vrhu kaže, da je kabina na voljo) ali poiščete taksi postajo (Taksista). Taksisti na splošno znajo govoriti angleško. Tako kot v drugih velikih mestih je tudi veliko taksistov priseljencev ali otrok priseljencev, zato nekateri poleg nemščine in angleščine govorijo tudi zapuščinski jezik. Če zahtevate krajši izlet (Kurzstrecke), če je manj kot 2 km in preden taksist zažene števec, je potovanje običajno cenejše, 4 €. To velja le, če taksi označite na ulici in ne, če vstopite na taksi postajo. Tukaj je kalkulator cene taksijev za Berlin.

S trajektom

Trajektne linije v Berlinu

Kljub temu, da ni pomorsko mesto Hamburg ali Benetke, Berlin ima uporabne plovne poti in BVG vozi nekaj trajektov, do katerih je mogoče dostopati z običajnimi vozovnicami BVG. Večina trajektov je samo lokalnega pomena, vendar trajektna linija F10 pokriva 4,4 km (2,7 mi) čez Wannsee in se na enem koncu priključi na mestno železniško progo. Turistična atrakcija kot dejanski prevoz je Ferry F24, ki je edini trajekt, ki ga upravlja veslaški čoln v Berlinu, in edini trajekt, ki je del katerega koli sistema vozovnic za javni prevoz v Nemčiji. V prizadevanju, da bi postali "bolj zeleno" mesto, nekateri trajekti vozijo z električno energijo, ki jo na svojih strehah ali kopenskih polnilnicah zagotavljajo sončni kolektorji.

Poleg tistih trajektov javnega prevoza obstajajo turistični čolni, ki opravljajo oglede, večinoma ob reki Spree in večinoma v obliki krožnih izletov. So veliko dražje od vozovnic BVG.

Z gondolo

Med mednarodno vrtnarsko razstavo 2017 v Ljubljani Berlin / vzhod, Berlin je prejel svojo prvo gondola, ki je delovala tudi po zaprtju razstave. Povezava do postaje podzemne železnice Kienberg (Gärten der Welt)  U5  na enem koncu in ima vse tri postaje na dolžini proge 1.580 m (5.180 ft), kar je primerljivo z U55. je ne del vozovnic BVG in po 6,50 EUR na povratno potovanje so vozovnice sorazmerno drage.

Glej

52 ° 31′1 ″ S 13 ° 23′24 ″ V

Znamenitosti Berlina

Posamezne sezname najdete v Berlinu okrožje člankov

Berlin ima številne zanimivosti, ki izvirajo iz njegove burne zgodovine, deloma pa tudi zaradi dejstva, da je bil 40 let "dvojna prestolnica". Čeprav je vzdrževanje nekaterih stalni glavobol za blagajnika, jih navdušujejo obiskovalci in številni domačini.

Muzeji

Muzej Bode je del muzejskega otoka, a Unescova svetovna dediščina spletnem mestu

Berlin ima ogromno muzejev. Daleč večina jih je zajetih v Mitte okrožni vodnik, ki med drugim zajema 52.52138888888913.3955555555561 Museumsinsel (otok na Spreeju, pokrit z zgodovinskimi muzeji) in 52.508313.36782 Kulturforum (zbirka sodobnih kulturnih ustanov). V muzeju boste našli tudi veliko muzejev staro srce Zahodnega Berlina in Območje Steglitz-Zehlendorf mesta, vendar so skoraj v vseh okrožjih večji ali manjši muzeji. Obstajajo muzeji, ki pokrivajo vse, od umetnosti skozi zgodovino Berlina in Nemčije do različnih vej tehnologije in znanosti.

Večina muzejev vstopnine zaračuna za osebe, stare 18 let ali več - običajno od 6 do 14 EUR. Popusti (običajno 50%) so na voljo za študente in invalide z identifikacijo. Otroci in mladostniki lahko pogosto pridejo brezplačno, vendar preverjajo starostne omejitve v določenih muzejih. Lepa ponudba za muzejske odvisnike je tridnevna Muzeji Pass za 29 EUR (koncesije: 14,50 EUR), ki omogoča vstop na vse redne razstave približno 30 državnih muzejev in javnih fundacij.

Večina muzejev je zaprtih ob ponedeljkih - pomembne izjeme vključujejo Muzej Pergamon, Muzej Neues in Deutsches Historisches Museum, ki so odprta vsak dan. Museumsportal Berlin, kolektivna spletna pobuda, ponuja enostaven dostop do informacij o vseh muzejih, spomenikih, gradovih in zbirkah ter o trenutnih in prihajajočih razstavah. Nekateri muzeji ponujajo brezplačen vstop ali strm popust enkrat na teden, enkrat na mesec ali ob določenih urah dneva. Ta spletna stran ima dnevne novice o brezplačnih ponudbah v Berlinu.

Ostanki berlinskega zidu

Preostali del berlinskega zidu

Spomenik Berlinskega zidu v ulici Bernauer Straße

Medtem ko je bil Berlinski zid že dolgo razstavljen in je večina zemljišč, ki jih je zasedel, popolnoma preurejena, lahko še vedno najdete dele zidu, ohranjene okoli Berlina. To se ne nanaša na zelo majhne koščke zidu, ki jih je vzhodnonemška vlada prodala takoj po demontaži, ki jih najdemo v različnih kavarnah, restavracijah in hotelih ne samo v Berlinu, temveč na dejansko ohranjene drobce zidu, ki še vedno stojijo originalne lokacije. Velik del razdalje je stena potekala v osrednjem Berlinu, oznake pločnikov kažejo na njeno nekdanjo lokacijo.

Ikona 52.51627222222213.3777222222223 Brandenburška vrata je ravno v glavni ulici, Unter den Linden. Eden najpogosteje obiskanih je 52.507513.390274 Kontrolna točka Charlie pri južna meja Mitte in Kreuzberga, ki je poustvarjen legendarni mejni prehod znotraj ulice Friedrichstraße. Tam dejansko stene ne vidite, toda ta ikonična (in izjemno turistična) točka je na seznamu skoraj vseh obiskovalcev. Zahodno od tam lahko najdete košček stene, ki se niza Niederkirchnerstraße ob Topografija terorja muzej v Ljubljani Kreuzberg. Druga priljubljena stran je Galerija East Side ob Spree v Friedrichshain, zelo dolg odsek ohranjenega zidu z barvitimi grafiti. Vsi omenjeni drobci so bili spremenjeni in so zdaj turistične znamenitosti in ne dejanski zgodovinski spomeniki - če želite resnično ohranjen del zidu, se odpravite na severna meja Mitte in Gesundbrunnen na ulici Bernauer Straße in obiščite 52.53513.38975 Spomenik Berlinskega zidu , s celotnim odsekom stene v vsem mraku. Manjši del prvotne stene je viden s S-Bahna, ko potujete med postajama Nordbahnhof in Humbolthain.

160 km (99 milj) kolesarske in sprehajalne poti vzdolž nekdanjega berlinskega zidu Berliner Mauerweg (Berlinska steza), je dobro označena in ponuja izmenične odseke zgodovinskega pomena in naravne lepote.

Zasebne umetniške galerije

Ker je Berlin umetniško mesto, je na vaši poti zelo enostavno najti umetniško galerijo. Dajejo lepo priložnost, da si brezplačno ogledate dela sodobnih umetnikov v ne preveč obljudenem okolju. Nekatere galerijske ulice z več kot ducat galerij so Auguststraße, Linienstraße, Torstraße, Brunnenstraße (vse Mitte, severno od postaje S-Bahn Oranienburger Straße), Zimmerstraße (Kreuzberg, Postaja podzemne železnice Kochstraße) in Fasanenstraße (Charlottenburg). Tu lahko najdete seznam vseh razstav in odprtin galerij ter zemljevid Berlin Art Grid.

Visoke stavbe z opazovalnimi ploščadi

Stolp zmage

Berlin ima dober delež visokih zgradb in ker je mesto precej razsežno in nima niti enega samega središča, kjer bi bile vse visoke zgradbe, lahko od večine uživate v lepem pogledu, tudi tistih, ki po svetovnih standardih niso visoki .

Večina razglednih mest je razporejenih znotraj Berlin / Mitte okrožje. Najvišja gradnja v Nemčiji, 52.52083333333313.4094444444446 Fernsehturm (TV stolp), ki se nahaja na Alexanderplatz, je visok 368 m, razgledna ploščad z barom in restavracijo pa približno 205 m. V bližini lahko najdete Hotel Park Inn z majhno teraso v 40. nadstropju. Od tam imate čudovit razgled na Fernsehturm. Druga razgledna točka v sodobni stavbi na 101 m je Kollhoffov stolp ob Potsdamer Platz, ki ima tudi najhitrejše dvigalo v Evropi.

Ena izmed treh najpomembnejših zgodovinskih stavb z razglednimi točkami je Reichstagsgebäude, stavba, v kateri je leta 2007 dom nemškega parlamenta Spreebogen / Regierungsviertel), s spektakularno stekleno kupolo, ki ponuja čudovit pogled na Berlin. Vstop v kupolo je brezplačen, vendar morate rezervirajte svoje mesto vnaprej. Pri rezervaciji spletnega mesta upoštevajte, da boste prejeli do tri e-poštna sporočila v postopku: prvi vsebuje povezavo do ustvarjanja seznama članov vaše skupine (za nadaljevanje postopka morate klikniti to povezavo); drugi vsebuje obvestilo, da je bila vaša zahteva prejeta, vendar še ni potrjena; tretje e-poštno sporočilo je potrdilo, ki ga morate na dan obiska prinesti (na izpisu ali v telefonu) skupaj z osebnim dokumentom s fotografijo, ki ga je izdala vlada (tj. potni listi za tujce).

Znameniti 67 m visok spomenik 52.5145113.3501117 Siegessäule (Stolpec zmage), nekoč neposredno pred Reichstagsgebäude, zdaj pa sredi Straße des 17. Junij v Tiergarten, ima razgledno ploščad. Lahko se povzpnete tudi na vrh Berliner Dom (Berlinska katedrala) v Berlin / Mitte na Museumsinsel za pogled na mesto.

Razgledna točka, ki se nahaja v drugem okrožju, je Funkturm (Radijski stolp) v Westend. Gre za 150 m visok rešetkasti stolp z razgledno ploščadjo na prostem 124 m nad tlemi.

Edina brezplačna razgledna točka je tista na Reichstagsgebäude, druge se gibljejo med 3 in 13 EUR.

Živalski vrt

Berlin ima dva živalska vrta in akvarij. The 52.50833333333313.33758 Berlinski živalski vrt na zahodu (Berlin / Mitte) je zgodovinski živalski vrt. To je oaza v mestu in zelo priljubljena pri družinah in šolah. Ima največjo paleto vrst na svetu in slovi po svojih pandah. The Akvarij Berlin je največji akvarij v Nemčiji in del berlinskega živalskega vrta (lahko ga obiščete ločeno). V bližini je Elephant Gate (Budapester Straße), enega od vhodov v živalski vrt, in zaradi arhitekture tradicionalno postajališče za večino obiskovalcev. The Tierpark Berlin v Friedrichsfelde (Berlin / vzhod) je prostornejši od zgodovinskega berlinskega živalskega vrta in je odprt že približno 50 let, vse do obdobja delitve, ko so oblasti na vzhodu želele svojim ljudem ponuditi svoj živalski vrt. Kompleks vključuje tudi majhen dvorec s sosednjim parkom.

Ali

Posamezne sezname najdete v Berlinu okrožje člankov

Vzemi kopijo Exberliner, mesečni časopis v angleškem jeziku za Berlin, da ugotovi, kaj se dogaja, kdaj in kje. Ponuja visokokakovostno novinarstvo in posodobljene sezname. Če razumete nemško, načrtovalci dejavnosti v mestu, nervozen in nasvet, so na voljo v vsakem kiosku. Bodite pripravljeni izbirati med ogromnim številom možnosti.

Raziščite

Javna avtobusna linija 100 z dvonadstropnim avtobusom

Kip "Molekulski moški" v berlinskem Osthafenu

Pojdi na ogled Berlina. Mitte in okoliška okrožja so dovolj kompaktni, da omogočajo številne odlične sprehajalne ture po njegovih zgodovinsko polnih ulicah. Videli boste neverjetne stvari, ki bi jih sicer pogrešali. Podrobnosti so običajno na voljo na recepcijah hostlov in hotelov.

• 52.506613.33281 Ogled Berlina z javnimi avtobusnimi linijami 100 in 200. Avtobusni liniji 100 in 200 sta navadni avtobusni liniji, vendar gresta mimo številnih znamenitih berlinskih znamenitosti. Oba tečeta vsakih 5–10 minut med S U-postajo Zoologischer Garten in S U-postajo Alexanderplatz. Sprejete so vse vozovnice BVG. 2,70 € (enojno) ali 7,60 € (dnevna vstopnica). (posodobljeno septembra 2016)
• Ogled bunkerja (samo voden). V Berlinu je še vedno veliko bunkerjev iz 2. svetovne vojne, ki se razprostirajo po vsem mestu - nekateri razpadajo, nekateri se uporabljajo kot prizorišče, druge pa lahko obiščete na zasebni / plačljivi turi (npr. V bližini Gesundbrunnen). Mnogi so še vedno v zelo dobrem stanju, pogosto prekriti z veliko grafiti. Pogosto se zlijejo z mestno arhitekturo in so med običajnimi stavbami komaj opazne, a le, če dvakrat pogledajo. Če želite raziskati nekatere od teh stavb, se odpravite do OpenStreetMap (izvoz) ali uporabite aplikacijo, kot je OSMand in poiščite bunker. (posodobljeno septembra 2020)
• Stern und Kreisschiffahrt. Daleč največja ladjarska družba v Berlinu. Ponujajo ture po večini jezer. 
• Tour Segway Berlin. 3. Ponuja različne izlete Segway v Berlinu. Začnite blizu Brandenburger Tor, za manjše skupine do 10 oseb. 75 EUR. 
• Vstopnica B. Prikaz mesta Berlin na izbranih arhitekturnih poteh. Vodijo arhitekti v nemškem, angleškem, francoskem, italijanskem ali španskem jeziku. Na voljo so izleti z vode, na kopnem ali s helikopterjem. V Berlinu poskrbijo za vaš poseben ogled sodobne arhitekture z veliko ekskluzivnimi obiski notranjosti stavb. 
• Najem plovil Werder. Ponuja možnost dolgotrajnega bivanja na plovnih poteh Berlina in okoliške zvezne dežele Brandenburg. 

Rekreacija na prostem

Berlin ima veliko odličnih parki ki so poleti zelo priljubljene. Zeleni Berlin upravlja nekatere od njih.

Največji berlinski park je Großer Tiergarten (v Berlin / Mitte). Poleti in med vikendi boste videli veliko družin z žarom.

V mestu je nekaj opaznih parkov Berlin / East Central. Odličen panoramski razgled na južni Berlin je lahko v Viktoriapark v Kreuzbergu. Na vrhu boste našli tudi Schinkelov nacionalni spomenik. Mauerpark je znan po Bearpit Karaoke, ki poteka vsako drugo nedeljo poleti, in po velikem bolšjem trgu. Je tudi priljubljeno mesto za peko na žaru. Görlitzer Park ima prostor za peko na žaru, nogometno igrišče in podjetje za mini golf.

Ob palači Charlottenburg v Ljubljani Berlin / City West je Schlossgarten Charlottenburg. Zelene površine v parku so brezplačne, zato se lahko tja sprehodite, tudi če vas palača ne zanima.

Nekoliko dlje z dostopom do podzemne železnice Berlin / vzhod so Gärten der Welt (Svetovni vrt). V njej lahko najdete velik, dobro uveljavljen kitajski vrt, korejski vrt, majhen Balijev vrt / rastlinjak, orientalski vrt z lepimi fontanami in samostanom ter japonski vrt, ki je projekt mestnega partnerstva Berlina in Tokia. Najboljši čas za obisk je spomladi ali poleti. Malo naprej v nasprotni smeri, v Berlin / Steglitz-Zehlendorf, ali je Muzej Botanischer Garten in Botanisches Berlin-Dahlem (Botanični vrt in botanični muzej Berlin-Dahlem).

Velik Treptower Park v Berlin / Treptow-Köpenick zraven Spree je lepo in čisto. Znan je po Insel der Jugend (Otok mladosti) in številnih najemih čolnov ter izletih z ladjo.

Tudi Berlin jih ima kar nekaj jezera in plaže primeren za kopanje. Pogosto imajo eno plačljivo območje z opremo in pogoste neupravljane kraje z brezplačnim dostopom. Nekateri imajo določena območja za golo kopanje (FKK). Wannsee v Berlin / Steglitz-Zehlendorf se imenuje berlinska "kopalna kad". Strandbad Wannsee je najbolj znano kopališče za domačine. Zapeljite se na progi S-Bahn S1 ali S7 do postaje Nikolassee in sledite množici! Na jugovzhodu Berlina v Ljubljani Berlin / Treptow-Köpenick, boste našli Müggelsee ki je priljubljeno kopališče.

Festivali in letni dogodki

Francoska kupola na festivalu luči

• Ultraschall Berlin - Festival za novo glasbo. Januarja. Letni festival, ki se je začel leta 1999 in je posvečen novi glasbi s svetovnimi premierami in glasbo nedavnih skladateljev. Koncerti potekajo na različnih prizoriščih po mestu, izvajajo pa jih majhni ansambli do velikih orkestrov. (posodobljeno januar 2018)
• Berlinale - Berlinski filmski festival. Februarja. Največji kulturni dogodek v mestu in pomemben element v koledarju svetovne filmske industrije (tam s Cannesom). Vsako leto prodajo 250.000 vstopnic, predvajajo 400 različnih filmov in številne povezane zabave in prireditve. V nasprotju s Cannesom so vse projekcije na Berlinaleu odprte za javnost. Vstopnice so poceni in razmeroma enostavno jih je dobiti za predvajanje "Mednarodnega foruma mladega filma" in "Berlinale Panorama" (filmi, ki niso v konkurenci).  
• MaerzMusik. V marcu. Festival s sodobno glasbo in predstavami o vprašanjih našega časa, ki ga organizira Berliner Festspiele. (posodobljeno mar 2019)
• 52.50169313.4457612 Galerija na prostem Oberbaumbrücke, Oberbaumbrücke med Kreuzbergom in Friedrichshainom (v Berlin / East Central, tik pod mostom Oberbaum). Junij: 10: 00-22: 00. Umetniki prodajajo svoja dela, amaterski plesalci tanga prirejajo javne predstave, vi pa lahko prispevate k skupnemu slikanju na zelo dolgem platnu, ki se razprostira na ulici vzdolž festivala. prost. 
• Fête de la Musique (Svetovni dan glasbe). 21. junija vsako leto. Vse vrste glasbe po mestu se ta dan usklajujejo s podobnim dnevom v večini francoskih mest. 
• Mladi Euro Classic. V avgustu. Glasbeni festival, ustanovljen leta 2000, v katerem nastopajo mladinski orkestri z vsega sveta. Koncerti potekajo v Konzerthaus Berlin na ulici Gendarmenmarkt. Festival običajno traja približno 2 tedna. Na koncertih so pogosto svetovne premiere. (posodobljeno julij 2018)
• Lange Nacht der Museen (Dolga noč muzejev), ☏ 49 30 24749888. Konec avgusta. Velika kulturna prireditev s številnimi muzeji (okoli 80), odprtimi do 02:00, in dodatnimi dogodki po mestu. Odrasli 18 EUR, koncesije 12 EUR, mlajši od 12 let brezplačno. Vstopnica vključuje neomejeno uporabo avtobusnega prevoza in javnega prevoza (BVG in S-Bahn). Če kupite vnaprej, so vozovnice cenejše. (posodobljeno avgust 2018)
• Dan odprtih vrat zvezne vlade (Oznaka der judnen Tür der Bundesregierung). Prejšnji avgustovski konec tedna. Za en vikend zvezna vlada organizira dneve odprtih vrat, kjer je mogoče dostopati do večine zveznih ministrstev in drugih vladnih institucij. Dostopni so tudi deli nemškega kanclerja, kjer se običajno pojavi sedanji kancler. Na voljo je brezplačen prevoz med lokacijami. Obstajajo varnostni pregledi in svetujejo, da se izogibate prinašanju večjih predmetov (na primer kovčkov). S seboj prinesite uradno izkaznico. prost. (posodobljeno avgust 2018)
• Musikfest Berlin. Konec avgusta. Velik festival klasične glasbe, ki zaznamuje začetek sezone. Približno 2 tedna so koncerti v številnih berlinskih glasbenih prizoriščih. Nastopajo priznani mednarodni in nemški orkestri. Organizator: Berliner Festspiele. (posodobljeno avgust 2018)
• Festival luči, ☏ 49 30 25489244. V oktobru. 10-dnevni festival, na katerem so znamenite zgradbe v Berlinu osvetljene na poseben način. prost.  

Parade

• Karneval. Konec februarja ali v začetku marca. Ker je veliko ljudi v Berlinu prvotno prihajalo iz južne ali zahodne Nemčije, kjer Fasching, Fastnacht ali Karneval praznujejo, so tudi v Berlinu ustanovili pustno parado. Vedno večje je postajalo (približno 500.000 do milijon ljudi jih je gledalo), a kostumi in avtomobili so precej dolgočasni in ljudje niso tako oblečeni kot na "prvotnih" velikih pustnih paradah (Köln, Mainz, Düsseldorf). Od leta 2007 je bila izbrana tradicionalna pot čez Kurfürstendamm. Ljudem iz Berlina ni niti malo mar za Karneval; to je večinoma dogodek za ljudi, ki prihajajo iz nemških regij, ki imajo Karneval. Pravzaprav se vam bo večina Berlinčanov smejala, če boste omenili, da ste šli v Karneval - to ni berlinska tradicija, ampak institucija po letu 1990. 
• Karneval der Kulturen (Karneval kultur). Maja ali junija (na nedeljo). Ideja "Karnevala kultur" je parada različnih etničnih skupin v mestu, ki prikazuje tradicionalno glasbo, kostume in plese. Sodelujejo tudi druge sodobnejše, alternativne in politične skupine. Podobni dogodki so tudi v Ljubljani Hamburg in Frankfurt.  
• Dan Christopherjeve ulice. Konec julija. Berlinski gejevski ponos. Znana vsakoletna politična demonstracija pravic gejevske kulture, organizirana v vseh večjih nemških mestih. Tudi če vas zadeva ne zanima, je dan ulice Christopher običajno vreden ogleda, saj se veliko udeležencev pojavi v divjih kostumih. 
• Fuckparade. V avgustu. Fuckparade (Hateparade v zgodnjih dneh) se je začel kot antiparada ali demonstracija proti komercializirani Paradi ljubezni in je bil prvič istega dne kot Parada ljubezni, pozneje pa je bil datum premaknjen. Fuckparade je politična demonstracija s političnimi govori na začetku in na koncu ter parada z glasbo med njimi. Splošno geslo Fuckparade je "proti uničenju klubske scene". Glasba je povsem drugačna kot na Love Parade: večinoma neodvisna / alternativna / ekstremna elektronska glasba.  
• Hanf Parade. V avgustu. Hanfparade je največja evropska politična demonstracija za legalizacijo konoplje za uporabo v kmetijstvu in kot poživilo. Znano je, da se pojavljajo konflikti s policijo in uživanje kakršne koli oblike konoplje na teh demonstracijah ni dobra ideja, saj policija volja nadzor ljudi, samo da bi pokazali, da zmorejo. (posodobljeno maj 2016)

Kulturna prizorišča

Konzerthaus Berlin na žandarmenmarktu

Berlin je verjetno živo kulturno središče Nemčije. Ker je imela med pregrado kulturno infrastrukturo dveh glavnih prestolnic, je gledališč, oper in univerz veliko. Te zavlečejo prazno občinsko blagajno in privedejo do pritožb ljudi iz drugih delov Nemčije zaradi subvencij, pomagajo pa ohranjati eno najbolj živahnih kulturnih scen v Evropi.

Celovita platforma, ki navaja kulturne dogodke, ponuja Berlin Bühnen v imenu približno 80 prizorišč. Ugledne berlinske kulturne ustanove za uprizorjene umetnosti, tako klasične kot moderne, lahko najdemo v Ljubljani Mitte in City West. Tudi če ne boste gledali predstave ali koncerta, so številna prizorišča arhitekturno impresivna in kot taka zanimivosti že sama po sebi.

Na gledališče strani, bi lahko šel "grand old" naslov Deutsches Theatre, klasično gledališče z impresivno zasedbo igralcev in režiserjev. Na splošno pa imajo znamenita gledališča v Berlinu ponavadi bolj sodoben značaj. Sem spadajo Berliner Ensemble, Gledališče Maxim Gorki, včasih kontroverzen Volksbühne am Rosa Luxemburg Platz, Schaubühne am Lehniner Platz kot tudi Gledališče am Kurfürstendamm s televizijskimi zvezdniki v sodobnih predstavah. Mesto ima tudi Angleško gledališče v Vzhodni osrednji Berlin, če imate raje nastope v angleščini. Nekatera gledališka prizorišča so znana po svojih muzikalih: zgodovinski Gledališče des Westens, Gledališče am Potsdamer Platz, in Friedrichstadt-Palast, slednja, ki predstavlja največjo berlinsko predstavo z več kot 100 umetniki na največjem gledališkem odru na svetu.

Ljubitelji opera lahko izbirate med več kraji. Glavne klasične operne hiše so Deutsche Oper, in Državni soper Unter den Linden zaradi impresivne stavbe in kraljeve zgodovine je samo zgradbo vredno obiskati. Za sodobnejše opere se odpravite na Komische Oper Berlin, Schillerjevo gledališče ali Neuköllner Oper, je bil večkrat izbran za najboljšo zunaj operne hiše in znan po svojih sodobnih in sodobnih delih. Večinoma v nemščini, kot se običajno nanaša na dogajanje v Nemčiji, ter zelo ustvarjalno in inovativno.

Berliner Philharmoniker je velika koncertna dvorana, ki jo je zasnoval Hans Scharoun in dom Berlinska filharmonija. Znana stavba in izjemni glasbeniki. Priporočljive so rezervacije, cenejše vstopnice pa so običajno na voljo 2–4 ure pred koncertom, če niso razprodane. Vsak torek (od septembra do junija) od 13.00 do 14.00 brezplačni koncert za kosilo; pridi zgodaj. Pozimi so pozni nočni koncerti (22.30 ali 23.00) ugodni in imajo pogosto bolj avantgardne ali nekonvencionalne formate. Sosednji Kammermusiksaal (Dvorana komorne glasbe) je bila dodana kasneje in gosti manjše koncerte. Med drugim lahko uživate v klasični glasbi Konzerthaus Berlin in Visoka šola za glasbo Hanns Eisler (HfM). HfM (Berlinska glasbena akademija) ponuja veliko koncertov svojih študentov in drugih profesionalnih glasbenikov, večina jih je brezplačnih.

Kino

V Berlinu je približno sto kinodvoran, čeprav večina prikazuje samo filme, sinhronizirane v nemščino, brez podnapisov. Spodaj je naštetih nekaj pomembnejših kinematografov, ki predvajajo tudi filme v izvirnem jeziku (poiščite OmU - "original s podnapisi" - zapis). Večina filmov, sinhroniziranih v nemščino, v Nemčiji izide nekoliko kasneje. Vstopnice so običajno 5-7 EUR. Od ponedeljka do srede so posebni kino dnevi z zmanjšanim vstopom.

V Kreuzbergu so v letu tri pomembne kinodvorane Berlin / East Central v neposredni bližini. Babilon Kreuzberg, majhen kino, zgrajen v petdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja, ki prikazuje filme, ki niso običajni. Kino Moviemento ki je najstarejši kino v Nemčiji (1907). In Eiszeit. V Berlin / Mitte v bližini Hackesche Höfe Kino Central, repertoarni kino v nekdanjem skvotu in Filmsko gledališče Hackesche Höfe prikazuje zelo široko paleto filmov. Kant Kino v Berlin / City West je eden redkih starih kinematografov (ustanovljen leta 1912) v zahodnem berlinskem mestu. Prikazujejo večinoma ne-mainstream evropske filme.

V glavnem kinu, CineStar Original, prikazuje samo filme v izvirni različici (npr. v angleščini, brez podnapisov); in CineStar IMAX je 3D kino s posebno lasersko in zvočno tehnologijo. Filmi IMAX so običajno na voljo v angleščini. Oba kina se nahajata v Sony Center na Potsdamer Platz v Ljubljani Berlin / Mitte.

Šport

V Berlinu so na voljo skoraj vsi športi; nekateri domnevajo, da je mlačna podpora, ki jo ima Hertha tudi v času uspeha, posledica ogromne ponudbe drugih športov (podobno kot Los Angeles zaradi raznolike kulturne ponudbe ni mogel obdržati ekipe NFL):

• Oglejte si nogometni nogomet torej nogomet. Berlin ima dve profesionalni ekipi, obe v Bundesligi, najvišji stopnji nogometnega združenja v Nemčiji.

Herta BSC is the best known: they play at Olympia stadium in Charlottenburg west of the centre. The stadium itself is worth seeing - it hosted the 2006 Fifa world cup final and the infamous 1936 Olympics.

Union Berlin: their home stadium is in Köpenick southeast of the centre.

There are no city teams in the 2nd or 3rd tier of Bundesliga, but several at lower levels: the Berlin FA lists them all.

• Berlin Handball has had a hard time competing with the north German powerhouses but these days the Füchse Berlin iz Reinickendorf who play their home games in Max Schmeling Halle are a force to be reckoned with.
• 52.5057713.4431563 Košarka. Alba Berlin, known as The Albatross are consistently the best basketball team in Germany, and one of the best in Europe. With fans crazier than most in the NBA, Albatross games at the o2 World arena are an exciting way to take in one of the world's greatest sports. 
• Public swimming pools. Can be found around the city. Check out BBB for pool listings and opening times. 
• Jadranje, on one of the many lakes is also popular. You can find sailing clubs and most universities have ships as well.
• Golf. You can find golf clubs all around Berlin, although for non-members Motzen has one of the best.
• 52.5057713.4431564 Hokej na ledu. The Berlin Eisbären (Polar Bears) play this fast, exciting and very physical sport during the winter. The excitement is heightened by the singing and chanting of the crowds, who are fueled by the copious quantities of wurst and beer available. 
• Floorball, is booming faster than ever before in the German capital. A sum of teams defines the cascade of the local floorball scene, whereas the decorated Bundesliga site of BAT Berlin probably embodies the most prominent one.
• ameriški nogomet. After the closing of NFL Europe and the related end of Berlin Thunder (triple winner of the World Bowl), the Berlin Adler (Eagles) have historically been Berlin's No. 1 team playing in the German Football League (until 2017) they are one of the oldest and most storied teams in Germany being a founding member of the first American Football season in 1979 but have entered something of a slump, often falling to their crosstown rivals. Apart from the "Berlin-Derby" a highlight of the season is the match against the Dresden Monarchs as the two teams share an intense and storied rivalry. The Berlin Rebels (in 2018) have somewhat overtaken them in on-field success playing in the first division German Football League. The 2017 season saw the Adler lose the promotion/relegation round against a team from Potsdam so 2018 will see the Rebels and Potsdam but no Adler in the GFL1. American Football in Germany is a very relaxed and family friendly affair and you can definitely show up in any NFL, German or no Football gear at all and have a chat with fans of either side.
• 52.51399113.2319215 Australian Football. The Berlin Crocodiles host regular matches in the summer. 

Nauči se

The German capital naturally has some good options for learning the language:

• 52.5247713.406221 Goethe-Institut Berlin, Neue Schönhauser Str. 20., ☏ 49 30 259063, ✉[email protected]. Learn the German language with a variety of courses of different durations. Certificates from this institute are globally recognised as the standard for German language ability. 

Delo

The current economic climate is stable but to find work in Berlin is not easy. A sound level of German improves your chance as only few multinational companies are present in Berlin. Any kind of skills (especially language) that separates you from the masses will definitely improve your chances for a job. Berlin has a nižje GDP per capita than the German average, but slowly but surely new startups founded in Berlin are becoming bigger and bigger players and some companies have decided to open representative headquarters in Berlin following reunification - most notably Siemens, a company founded and intimately linked with Berlin that had most of its production and even de facto headquarters in Erlangen in München during partition but is to reoccupy "Siemensstadt" (a part of Berlin/Spandau) with a railway line built in the 1920s to serve Siemens to be reactivated.

If you have an academic background then teaching English (Spanish, French and Latin are good, too) or private tutoring (e.g. math) for pupils is always a possibility as Berlin is a young city and education is in strong demand. Otherwise working in a bar might be an option but it'll be tough, because wages are low and big tips are uncommon. Chances are much better when big trade fairs (e.g. "Grüne Woche", bread & butter or ITB) or conventions take place so apply at temp and trade fair agencies. The hospitality industry and call centres are constantly hiring but wages are very low unless you can offer special skills (such as exotic languages) or background.

Berlin has a growing media, modelling and TV/movie industry. For daily soaps, telenovelas and movies most companies look for people with something specific. Apply at the bigger casting and acting agencies.

For English-language jobs, if might be worth checking out the classified ads of this monthly magazine for English-speakers, Exberliner.

Nakup

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's okrožje člankov

Breitscheidplatz (between Ku'damm and Tauentzienstraße) in wintertime

The famous Ku'Damm

Galeries Lafayette, Friedrichstraße

Usmerjenost

The main shopping areas are:

• Ku'Damm and its extension Tauentzienstraße v Berlin / City West remain the main shopping streets even now that the Wall has come down. KaDeWe (Kaufhaus des Westens) at Wittenbergplatz is a must visit just for the vast food department on the 6th floor. It's reputedly the biggest department store in Continental Europe and still has an old world charm, with very helpful and friendly staff.
• Schloßstraße in Steglitz (Berlin / Steglitz-Zehlendorf) with the shopping centre Schloss-Straßen-Center, Forum Steglitz, Karstadt, Boulevard Berlin, Naturkaufhaus and Das Schloss, between the subway stations U9 Walther-Schreiber-Platz and U9 S1 Rathaus Steglitz.
• Friedrichstraße v Berlin / Mitte is the upmarket shopping street in former East Berlin with Galeries Lafayette and the other Quartiers (204 to 207) as main areas to be impressed with wealthy shoppers.
• Alexanderplatz v Berlin / Mitte. The renovated Galeria Kaufhof department store is worth a visit. For alternative souvenirs go to ausberlin.

The main shopping area for the alternative, but still wealthy crowd is north of Hackescher Markt v Berlin / Mitte, especially around the Hackesche Höfe.

For some more affordable but still very fashionable shopping there is Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain in Berlin / East Central with a lot of young designers opening shops, but also lots of record stores and design shops. Constant change makes it hard to recommend a place, but the area around station Eberswalder Straße in Prenzlauer Berg, around Bergmannstraße and Oranienstraße in Kreuzberg and around Boxhagener Platz in Friedrichshain are always great when it comes to shopping.

For souvenirs, have a look just in front of the Kaiser Wilhelm Gedächtniskirche (Berlin / City West); these shops sell almost the same items as others, but are cheaper. However, not all members of staff speak English. You can also get cheap postcards there (from €0.30 while the average price for normal postcard is €0.50-0.80).

Trgi

There are four market halls selling fresh produce and ready-to-eat food. Marheinecke Markthalle in Markthalle Neun are both in Kreuzberg (Berlin / East Central), Arminiusmarkthalle is in Moabit (Berlin / City West) in Markthalle Tegel is in Tegel (Berlin / Reinickendorf in Spandau).

You can find dozens of flea markets with different themes in Berlin (mostly on weekends), but worth checking out is the big one at Straße des 17. Juni (between Ernst-Reuter-Haus and S-Bahn: Tiergarten). Two other flea markets are at Mauerpark in Prenzlauer Berg (Berlin / East Central) and at Arkonaplatz (Berlin / Mitte), which is close to Mauerpark. Both are on Sundays, so you can combine visiting them.

Odpiralni čas

Shopping hours are theoretically unlimited on weekdays. Nevertheless, many of the smaller shops still close at 20:00. Most of the bigger stores and nearly all of the malls are open until 21:00 or 22:00 from Thursday to Saturday.

Sunday opening is still limited to about a dozen weekends per year, although some supermarkets in train stations (Hauptbahnhof, Bahnhof Zoologischer Garten (under the S-Bahn bridge), Friedrichstraße, Innsbrucker Platz (U4 in the underground) and Ostbahnhof) are open on Sundays.

Many bakeries and small food stores (called Spätkauf or colloquially "Späti") are open late at night and on Sundays in more gentrified neighbourhoods (especially Prenzlauer Berg, Kreuzberg and Friedrichshain). Stores inside the Hauptbahnhof (central station) have long working hours (usually until about 22:00-23:00), also on Sundays.

Credit cards

Although credit card and VISA/Mastercard-branded debit card acceptance is becoming more common, many stores still take only cash. Most places in tourist zones will accept credit cards, but it is still a good idea to ask in advance if you intend to pay with one. Many restaurants require a minimum check amount, sometimes in excess of €30.

For Americans, Germany uses the chip-and-pin system so you may have trouble at places like unattended gas stations and automated ticket machines. Often, a cashier will be able to swipe the magnetic strip, but don't be surprised if someone refuses your credit card because it doesn't have a chip. If possible, contact your card issuer before leaving home to see if they can replace your existing card with one that has a chip.

Jej

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's okrožje člankov

Lovers of ulična hrana rejoice! Berlin has an incredibly wide variety of different styles and tastes at very affordable prices (for European wallets, that is). You can find superb food in small stalls tucked away under the tracks of elevated U-Bahn stretches for well under five euros.

Berlin Currywurst

A staple in Berlin is currywurst. It's a bratwurst covered in ketchup and curry powder. You can find them all over Berlin by street vendors. It's a must try when in Berlin. Two renowned currywurst stands are "Konnopke's Imbiss" below Eberswalder Straße U-Bahn station on line 2 and "Curry 36" opposite the Mehringdamm U-Bahn station in Kreuzberg (only two stops south of Checkpoint Charlie). Both of these offer far friendlier service than many of Berlin's more upmarket eateries.

Another famous thing to eat in Berlin is döner, a flat bread filled with lamb or chicken meat and vegetables, available at many Turkish stands.

Berlin may seem like carnivore heaven, but vegetarians in vegans can eat quite well. Berliners are generally environmentally conscious, and that extends to their food; most of the inner neighbourhoods have a handful of good healthy vegetarian or vegan restaurants using local ingredients, though they tend to be more expensive than the ubiquitous kebab and sausage stands. If you're a vegetarian on a limited budget, many kebab restaurants have a good selection of roasted vegetables and salads, and you can usually get falafels (fried chickpea balls, suitable for vegans) and halloumi (a type of dense cheese) in place of meat.

Eating out in Berlin is incredibly poceni compared to any other Western European capital or other German cities. The city is multicultural and many cultures' cuisines are represented here somewhere, although they are often modified to suit German tastes.

All prices must include VAT by law. Only upmarket restaurants may ask for a further service surcharge. It is best to ask if credit cards are accepted before you sit down—it's not that common to accept credit cards and cash is preferred. Most likely to be accepted are Visa and MasterCard; all other cards will only be accepted in some upmarket restaurants. European debit cards are not always accepted because due to debit card fraud, some processing companies stopped intra-European cards from specific countries. This does not apply to debit cards that are from German banks. Better have cash or ask the restaurant staff.

Usmerjenost

Restaurants between Nollendorfplatz and Winterfeldplatz in Schöneberg

One of the main tourist areas for eating out is Hackescher Markt/Oranienburger Straße. This area has dramatically changed during the years: once full of squats and not-entirely-legal bars and restaurants, it had some real character. It is rapidly being developed and corporatised, and even the most famous squat - the former Jewish-owned proto-shopping mall "Tacheles" - has had a bit of a facelift. There are still some gems in the side streets, though, The "Assel" (Woodlouse) on Oranienburger Straße, furnished with DDR-era furniture, is still relatively authentic and worth a visit, especially on a warm summer night. Oranienburger Straße is also an area where prostitutes line up at night, but don't be put off by this. The area is actually very safe since several administrative and religious buildings are located here.

For cheap and good food (especially from Turkey and the Middle East) you should try Kreuzberg in Neukölln with their abundance of Indian, pizza and Döner Kebap restaurants. Prices start from €2 for a kebab or Turkish pizza (different from the original Italian recipe and ingredients). If you are looking for a quick meal you could try getting off at Görlitzer Bahnhof or Schlesisches Tor on the U1 line - the area is filled with inexpensive, quality restaurants.

Kastanienallee is a good choice too - but again not what it used to be since the developers moved in (much less exploited than Hackescher Markt, though). It's a popular area with artists and students and has a certain Bohemian charm. Try Imbiss W, at the corner of Zionskirchstraße and Kastanienallee, where they serve superb Indian fusion food, mostly vegetarian, at the hands of artist-chef Gordon W. Further. Up the street is the Prater Garten, Berlin's oldest beer garden and an excellent place in the summer.

All restaurant information is in the corresponding borough articles of

• Kreuzberg & Friedrichshain – Young and independent student area with a big Turkish community in Kreuzberg, slowly but surely gentrifying.
• City West – Heart of West Berlin with good quality restaurants.
• Mitte – Political and new centre of East Berlin with upmarket restaurants.
• Schöneberg – City slickers and street cafe atmosphere.
• Prenzlauer Berg – Buzzing Prenzlberg and its lively student scene.

Waiters and tipping

Except at very high-end restaurants, nobody will seat you. If you see an open table, just sit down. You may need to go get a menu yourself from another table or a pile near the cash register. If you sit outside, expect slightly slower service.

As in most European countries, you need to tell the waiter when you want to pay and leave. The waiter will come to you usually with a money purse, and the custom in Germany is to tell the waiter how much you're paying (including the tip) when you receive the bill — don't leave the money on the table. If there is confusion with the tip, remember to ask for your change, Wechselgeld (money back).

Add a 5-10% tip (or round up to the next Euro) to the bill if you are satisfied with the service. If you received shoddy service or are otherwise unsatisfied it is perfectly acceptable to not tip at all - waiters and waitresses have the same €8.85 an hour minimum wage any other job has, so they don't depend on tips as the biggest part of their salary like in the US.

Breakfast

It is very common to go out for breakfast or brunch (long breakfast and lunch, all you can eat buffet, usually from 10:00-16:00, for €4-12 - sometimes including coffee, tea or juice). See the district pages of Berlin/City West#Breakfast in Berlin/East Central#Eat.

Pijte

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's okrožje člankov

A word of warning: Berlin's famous laissez-faire attitude is perhaps most evident in its approach to indoor smoking. Although technically prohibited in all but the smallest bars, you should assume that everywhere you go out, if no food is being served, will be quite smoky. This is also the case at clubs and large concert venues. If you have any medical issues, then you should be prepared, and either change your plans or bring a well-fitting mask. If not sure, call the venue and ask.

Klubi

The club scene in Berlin is one of the biggest and most progressive in Europe. Even though there are some 200 clubs in the city, it's sometimes difficult to find the right club for you since the best ones are a bit off the beaten track and most bouncers will keep bigger tourist groups out. If you want to go clubbing, you will almost always have to pay an entrance fee. However, entrance is cheap compared to other big European cities, normally €5-15 (usually no drink included).

The main clubbing districts are in the east: Mitte (north of Hackescher Markt, around Alexanderplatz and around Köpenicker Straße), Friedrichshain (the "techno strip" along the Spree river), and Kreuzberg (around Schlesisches Tor). In once legendary Prenzlauer Berg almost all clubs have disappeared due to gentrification since the 2000s, while it still has many trendy bars and cafés. A few mainstream clubs are also located in Charlottenburg and at Potsdamer Platz. Techno is still the biggest sound in Berlin, with lots of progressive DJs and live acts around. But there are also many clubs playing '60s beat, alternative rock and of course mainstream music. Clubbing days are Thursday, Friday and especially Saturday, but some clubs are open every day of the week. On weekends partying in Berlin starts around midnight and peaks around 2AM or 3AM in many clubs, a bit later in techno clubs. Berlin is famous for its long and decadent after hours, going on until Monday evening. In regard to electronic music, you can check Resident Advisor for the best parties before you go out.

Palice

Berliners -especially young Berliners- love cocktails. People like to meet their friends at a cocktail bar before going clubbing. Prenzlauer Berg (Around U-Bahnhof Eberswalder Str., Helmholtzplatz, Oderberger Straße and Kastanienallee), Kreuzberg (Bergmannstraße, Oranienstraße and the area around Görlitzer Park and U-Bahnhof Schlesisches Tor), Schöneberg (Goltzstraße, Nollendorfplatz, Motzstraße for gays), and Friedrichshain (Simon-Dach-Straße and around Boxhagener Platz) are the main areas.

Some bars charge a small refundable deposit for glasses - you are given a token with your drink to return (with your glass) to the bar.

Ob Warschauer Straße (which you can reach via S-Bahn and U-Bahn station Warschauer Straße) and more specifically Simon-Dach-Straße and around Boxhagener Platz you can find a wide variety of bars. It is common for locals to meet at Warschauer to go to a bar there. Also Ostkreuz ("Eastcross") and Frankfurter Allee are well known meeting points. Especially to visit the alternative ("underground-/left-szene") locations in houseprojects (so called squats), like the Supamolly at Jessnerstreet (Traveplatz), the Scharni38 (Scharnweberstreet) and so on, or famous alternative clubs on the Revaler Straße, like the R.A.W. ali Lovelite on Simplonstraße.

There are lots of Irish bars all over the city, as there are in all European cities. If you like off-the-shelf Irish bars or watching football in English then you won't be disappointed, but in a city with new cool bars opening pretty much daily and a huge range from which to choose, you'll find that these cater mostly to the Irish construction workers and Germans attracted by Irish music, which is often played in them. The Irish pub in the Europa Center at Tauentzienstraße is famous. Located in the basement of a skyscraper, you will find a big Irish pub and a rowdy crowd on the weekend. It also claims to have the longest bar in all of Berlin!

There aren't as many illegal bars as there were in the 1990s but bars open and close faster than you can keep up - check out the bar and cocktail guides in the bi-weekly magazines Nasvet ali Zitty. For recommended bars, have a look at the district pages.

Koncerti

There are well over 1000 rock concerts a year in Berlin.You can find concerts in the big known locations but there are also many interesting little venues.You can find a good overview of the current concerts on the Ma Baker concert page.Every day the concerts are updated and displayed there.

Brauhäuser

A Brauhaus (brewery) brews and sells its own beer on the premises. There is usually a public viewing area onto the brewery. Poskusi Gaffel Haus, Brauhaus Georgbraeu, Brauhaus Mitte, Brauhaus Spandau in Brauhaus Lemke.

Kavarne

Cafe Einstein is one particular example of a home grown coffee chain which has nice staff, great coffee and is fairly priced. In particular, the Einstein on Unter den Linden is as far from "junk coffee" as it's possible to be.

If you want to get some tap water, ask for "Leitungswasser" (if you just say "water" (Wasser), you will receive mineral water.) This is common if you drink coffee. They should not charge you for it but you should order another drink as well.

Street drinking

Kiosks (off licences) can be found all over the city and sell bottled beers and other drinks. A kiosk will generally have a bottle opener on the counter and it is permitted to drink alcohol in the street. A refundable deposit of 8 to 25 cents per container (Pfand) is charged on plastic and glass bottles.

Spi

Individual listings can be found in Berlin's okrožje člankov

Berlin is still witnessing a construction boom of hotels and offices since the end of the Cold War. The boom leads to a significant oversupply of hotels which results in comparatively cheap prices even in the 5 star category (off-season prices of €110 per night are not unusual). Especially for a short visit, it may be best to stay at a place in Berlin-Mitte (around Friedrichstraße), as most of the main sights are located there. Due to its history most hotels in Berlin are still located in the City West (i.e. Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf), especially close to Zoo station. Alexanderplatz and Anhalter Bahnhof have clusters of 2-3 star budget hotels (i.e. Ibis, Motel One). You'll find only budget hotels (Motel One and Meininger) located directly at the new main train station but some large constructions are in progress. The (oddly named) budget hotel chain 'Motel-One' operates various 2-star hotels in the city centre. There are also many 3-4 star 'NH Hotels' offering good value. All major hotel chains are present in Berlin. A good idea to check that the hotel is close to public transport (U-Bahn or S-Bahn) to avoid too long walks.

Cheapest are youth hostels (called Jugendherbergen, only for members) and hostels (similar to youth hostels, but for everyone, mostly backpackers stay here, usually in one to 32-bed rooms). You will also find bed and breakfast offers (often private) and boarding houses (Pension, more familiar and smaller than hotels). The majority of private flats on platforms like AirBnB are offered illegaly in Berlin and contribute to the ongoing housing crisis. Try to choose your accommodation responsibly!

Check the district pages for individual accommodation listings. Popular hotel districts include:

• Mitte - mostly high-end hotels in the main tourist areas and some cheap hotels and hostels on the outskirts
• Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf - the largest number of mid-range and upscale hotels can be found here, mostly grouped around the Zoologischer Garten railway station and the Ku'damm
• Prenzlauer Berg - here you will find many independent small hotels, hostels and guesthouses in the relaxed atmosphere of this district
• Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg - the centre of alternative life in Berlin offers many suitably-themed accommodation opportunities, mostly hostels and guesthouses

You may find accommodation at reasonable prices in almost any district of Berlin, but be mindful of the time it may take to get from that place to where you want to visit, as Berlin is a very large city.

Povežite se

You can find internet cafes and telephone shops all around Berlin. Do a bit of research with the telephone shops because most focus on a particular region in the world. Many bars, restaurants and cafes offer their guests free wi-fi. Customers of the ubiquitous Einstein Coffee get 30 minutes of free wifi. Metro (U-Bahn) stations offer free wi-fi to everybody: BVG Wi-Fi.

The mobile network (3G/GPRS/GSM) covers the whole city. If you are coming from a non-GSM country (e.g. the United States) check your mobile phone for GSM compatibility. United States carrier Verizon, for example, will advertise phones that work on GSM networks as "World Devices." In general, however, any iPhone model from iPhone 6s onwards will support both CDMA and GSM, and will work perfectly in Berlin.

A free wireless network covers parts of Berlin, but requires special software on your computer. More information including maps of Berlin with coverage is available na spletu.

Ostani varen

Berlin might be a safe place, but it is a huge city, and as such has some not-so-well maintained areas. No specific rules apply with the exception of public transportation and tourist areas where pickpockets are a problem. Watch your bags during rush hours, at larger train stations (with the central, Warschauer, and Revaler stations being notoriously sketchy at night).

The police in Berlin are competent, not corrupt; therefore, if you try to bribe them you are likely to spend at least a night behind bars to check your background. They are generally helpful to tourists. Most of the officers are able to speak English, so don't hesitate to approach them if you are frightened or lost. Police are generally more relaxed than in more conservative places like München and do not necessarily engage in a "zero tolerance" policy (but even then blatantly smoking a joint in front of police will land you in trouble even in Berlin). In general police will focus on crime and traffic safety rather than petty misdemeanors or drunken tourists unless things get out of hand.

The nationwide emergency numbers are

• Medical emergencies and fires, ☏112. 
• Police emergency number, ☏110. 

Since the 1980s, there have been localised riots on Labour Day (May 1). In general they take place in Kreuzberg around Oranienstraße/Mariannenplatz. Nowadays they usually start the night before May 1, especially in the Mauerpark (Prenzlauer Berg), at Boxhagener Platz and in Rigaer Str. (Friedrichshain) and start again in the evening of May 1 in Kreuzberg and in the mentioned areas. The violent riots have become rather small since 2005 due to the engagement of the citizens who celebrate the Labour Day with a nice "myfest" in Kreuzberg and well-planned police efforts. It is still better to stay out of these areas from 20:00 until sunrise. Vehicles should not be parked in these area as this is asking for damage!

Racially-motivated violence is rare but the risk is higher on the outskirts of East Berlin. It is recommended for non-white tourists to be attentive in areas such as Lichtenberg, Hellersdorf, Marzahn, Treptow and Köpenick in the evening/night especially if alone.

In the bordering neighbourhood of the districts Neukölln and Kreuzberg (between Hermannplatz, Schönleinstraße to Kottbusser Tor) and Wedding (Moabit and Gesundbrunnen) the risk of falling victim to robberies and assaults is higher. Tourists should visit these areas with some caution during the night as a mixture of drunken party people and poor neighbourhoods might lead to trouble.

National media and conservative politicians like to make a huge story out of certain well known drug dealing hot spots. Areas such as Görlitzer Park are well known for all sorts of illicit substances being on offer, but if you don't sell or buy this shouldn't preoccupy you. Despite media portrayals to the contrary, police naredi frequently raid those places and try to catch drug dealers, but only a small handful are usually caught as they have developed certain measures to evade capture. Organized criminality does exist, but in general they try to focus on less violent activity in Germany and hardly ever target outsiders.

Although harmless, panhandlers have started to beg at local tourist spots such as Pariser Platz next to the Brandenburg Gate, Alexanderplatz and the Museuminsel. They are usually women accompanied by their daughters who ask if you speak English and say that they are from the new EU countries and trying to raise money to fly home. The story is false, so don't give them money, which would encourage further exploitation of the women and their kids. They also have a new tactic where they hand you a card telling their "story" and asking for money; beware that the children that they carry in their arms will search through your bags while you are reading the card. The best way to avoid this is simply to ignore them and not to respond when they ask you "Speak English?" If you feel scared, don't hesitate to contact the police, as they will help.

Prostitucija

Prostitution is a legal business in Nemčija. Berlin has no major red-light district though some big brothels have been built. Berlin has no restricted areas for prostitutes (called a "Sperrbezirk" in German) so the "apartments" or brothels are spread throughout the whole city. Oranienburger Straße in Mitte is infamous for its prostitutes at night. These women are a tourist attraction and the ladies focus only on tourists to request exorbitant prices.

The proximity to Eastern Europe, relaxed visa rules, and the illegal migrant community increases the number of prostitutes. Advertisements are in the tabloids and online. Human trafficking and illegal immigration is a problem; therefore, police raids do take place and close down illegal operations. Brothels and prostitutes must register just like any other businesses, or they will be prosecuted for tax evasion. In general, police officers are not interested in the clients (especially if you stay calm and don't try to argue) but you must have a photo ID (a photocopy of your passport is fine) with you. Otherwise, you might spend a night at the police station while your background gets checked.

Ostani zdrav

Berlin is home to Charité, perhaps one of the world's most famous hospitals, former workplace of medicine legends like Robert Koch, Rudolf Virchow, Emil von Behring or Emil Fischer and current place of employment of Christian Drosten, a world renowned expert on Coronaviruses.

Spopadite se

Knjižnice

Berlin has a large number of public libraries throughout the city. One of the largest is the Amerika-Gedenkbibliothek (America Memorial Library) on Blücherplatz 1.

Veleposlaništva

Pojdi naprej

Nekateri ljudje iz Berlina bi vas vprašali, zakaj bi kdaj želeli oditi, vendar je v bližini nekaj lepih krajev - nekateri tudi v bližini berlinske mestne železnice. Zunaj tankega obroča predmestja (v primerjavi z večino drugih evropskih metropol) je Brandenburg večinoma podeželski, tako da vas kratka vožnja pripelje naravnost v slikovito naravo. Berlinčani temu območju pravijo "JWD" (izgovarja se yott vay dan), okrajšava za "janz weit draußen", to je "zadaj onstran". Brandenburg in Berlin sodelujeta v številnih vidikih regionalnega načrtovanja, meje med njima pa ni vedno težko razbrati. Del tega sodelovanja je načrt za (teoretično) usmerjanje razvoja vzdolž "zvezdaste" mreže železniških prog, ki vodi proti Berlinu.

Avtocesta Raststätte Grunewald na postaji mestne železnice Nikolassee je dobro mesto za vleko, če greste proti jugu ali zahodu.

• Potsdam (35 km) - glavno mesto okoliške zvezne dežele Brandenburg, nedaleč jugozahodno od Berlina, in je popoln dnevni izlet. Zanimiv je ogled parka Sanssouci, svetovne dediščine s svojimi čudovitimi palačami. Do postaje lahko pridete s S-Bahn S7 ali Regional-Express RE1 Potsdam Hauptbahnhof ali Park Sanssouci (vozovnica cona C). Traja približno pol ure od Berlin Hauptbahnhof ali Friedrichstraße.
• Oranienburg (35 km) - mirno predmestje, v katerem so ostanki mesta KZ Sachsenhausen, eno redkih ohranjenih nacističnih koncentracijskih taborišč na nemških tleh. V središču Oranienburga je tudi majhna palača. Pol ure z vlakom RE.
• Spreewald (približno 85 km) - zaščiten Unescov rezervat biosfere. Vključuje nižinska območja, na katerih se reka Spree vijuga na tisoče majhnih vodnih poti po travnikih in gozdovih. To je čudovita, edinstvena pokrajina približno eno uro južno od Berlina in vredna enodnevnega ali vikend izleta, da se sprostite od živahnega mestnega življenja.
• Frankfurt na Odri (100 km) - na poljski meji je s številnimi mednarodnimi študenti lahko dosegljiv. Le dobro uro vožnje z vlakom RE (polurna storitev).
• Lutherstadt Wittenberg (110 km) - približno 40 minut jugovzhodno od Berlina z ICE. Schlosskirche je bila cerkev, v kateri je Martin Luther pribil svoje teze na vrata cerkve, začenši z Protestantska reformacija. Preko ulice je center za obiskovalce z odličnimi informacijami. Odlično mesto za ogled in enostaven za peš raziskovanje
• Jezero Müritz (Mecklenburgische Seenplatte; c. 145 km) - narodni park na severu z nekaj sto jezeri. Kot nalašč za kampiranje in vožnjo s kanuji v bližini narave.
• Leipzig (190 km) - najbolj živahno in najhitreje vzhodnonemško mesto, znano po svoji ustvarjalni kulturni sceni, včasih domišljavo imenovano "novi Berlin", a vseeno veliko manjše in bolj sproščeno od glavnega mesta; 1:15 ure z vlakom proti jugu.
• Dresden (190 km) - nekdanja prestolnica Saške z baročnimi palačami, cerkvami in dragocenimi umetniškimi zakladi; dve uri z vlakom ali avtom proti jugu. Intenzivna konkurenca na relaciji Dresden-Berlin pomeni vozovnico za avtobus (2,5 do 3 ure) lahko dobite že za pet evrov.
• Lepa Obala Baltskega morja (npr. Usedom, Stralsund in Rügen) je dovolj blizu enodnevnega ali vikend potovanja z avtomobilom (2,5 do 3 ure) ali vlakom (skoraj tri ure do Stralsunda; 3–3: 45 h do Usedoma).
• Hamburg (290 km) - drugo največje mesto v Nemčiji, ICE je oddaljeno manj kot 2 uri; IRE traja nekoliko dlje (3 ure), a posebno ponudbo v višini 19,90 EUR v eno smer (vedno na voljo) je težko premagati in je še vedno hitrejša od avtobusa.
• Lužiško jezero in Osrednjenemško jezero približno na jugu, kot je Baltik na severu - nekdanje jame lignita so se spremenile v umetna jezera

The Poljski meje je le kakih 90 km vzhodno od Berlina, zato bi bilo zanimivo izlet:

• Szczecin (Stettin; 150 km) - približno dve uri in pol z vlakom.
• Poznań (Posen; 270 km) - tri ure z vlakom.

Hamburg ←	Hamburg  München	→ Lutherstadt Wittenberg → Leipzig
Erfurt ← Halle ←	Frankfurt  Berlin	→ KONEC
Hannover ← Wolfsburg ←	Köln  Berlin	→ KONEC