Pogoste prevare - Common scams

Obstajajo pogoste prevare ki se pojavljajo marsikje, na katere bi se moral popotnik zavedati. Zasnovani so tako, da od vas lažno pridobijo vaš denar ali posel. Spadajo v tri kategorije: prekomerno zaračunavanje, zavajanje ali prisiljevanje k plačilu storitve, ki je ne želite, in naravnost tatvina.

Prevara ni nujno a zločin, policija pa morda nima volje ali pravne sposobnosti za pomoč žrtvam. V najslabšem primeru so morda celo vpleteni v to in nekateri načini lokalnega pregona lahko resnično delujejo z različnimi oblikami ujetništva ali zvijačami, ki bi lahko spadale v moralno kategorijo, ki ni za razliko od nekaterih prevar na tem seznamu.

Preventiva temelji na znanju: raziskovanje vašega cilja vas bo vnaprej opozorilo na prevare na tem območju in vam sporočilo, kakšne so običajne cene in resnično dobre znamenitosti, tako da boste manj ranljivi pri pristopih koristnih posameznikov, kadar ste ranljivi .

Hkrati pa, če vas zabode, ne bodite prestrogi do sebe: imeli ste opravka z ljudmi, ki so lokacijo poznali veliko bolje kot vi, in z ljudmi, ki so vas radi prevarali. V nekaterih primerih ste imeli opravka s prekaljenimi kriminalci. Če menite, da je bilo to, kar se vam je zgodilo, nezakonito in je policija zaupanja vredna, prijavite; v nasprotnem primeru ga samo krečite, da doživite. Če želite vložiti zahtevek v zvezi s krajo proti zavarovanje pravilo, boste morali praviloma v 24 urah sestaviti policijsko poročilo in obdržati kopijo zavarovalnice. Za nadomestitev nekaterih ukradenih osebnih dokumentov, na primer, boste potrebovali policijsko poročilo potni listi.

Ameriško zunanje ministrstvo ima strani opozorilo o prevarah, ki se izvajajo na potnikih.

Izogibanje prevaram

Več kosov zdrave pameti vam lahko pomaga, da se izognete težavam, ne da bi vam bilo treba natančno vedeti, katere prevare se izvajajo na katerih področjih:

Priprava

Ker ste očiten turist, lahko postanete tarča prevarantov

• Če imate spremljevalce, se medsebojno obveščajte o splošnih orisih vaših dnevnih načrtov
• S seboj ne imejte nepotrebnih količin gotovine ali dragih predmetov (npr. Torbic Louis Vuitton, iPhonov itd.)
• Na območjih z visokim tveganjem ne opozarjajte na dejstvo, da niste lokalni prebivalci. Potujte lahkotno, izgubite niz kamer okoli vratu, oblecite se tako kot domačini. Izogibajte se tipičnim "turističnim" dodatkom, kot so zemljevidi ali nahrbtniki. Ne bodite presenečeni, če je vozilo z registrskimi tablicami s kakšnega oddaljenega kraja in uglednimi logotipi podjetij za najem avtomobilov namenjeno vlomom ali kraji, saj se hudobci zavedajo, da vas čaka dolga pot, da pričate proti njim, ali celo jezikovna ovira .
• Na zunanji strani torb naj vam ne bo natisnjeno vaše ime, če se bo kdo z vašim imenom pretvarjal, da se pretvarja, da vas pozna (če je treba, uporabite neprozorno prtljažno oznako)
• Alkohol in druga zdravila vplivajo na vašo presojo, zato si jih lahko privoščite le med ljudmi, ki jim upravičeno zaupate.
• Raziskave vašega cilja, njegove splošne postavitve in običajnih cenovnih razredov so koristne pri preprečevanju številnih prevar. Kdaj prihod v novo mesto, imajo načrt kam iti in se zavedajo, da so letališča, železniške postaje in podobno pogosto kraji, kjer gostinci čakajo na prišleke, ki jim lahko ponudijo svojo "pomoč".
• Vedeti, kam želite iti in kaj želite storiti, nato pa se držati tega načrta, je dober način, da se izognete raztrganju
• Če poznate jezik - tudi samo osnove -, boste videti manj "tuji" in vam bodo v pomoč pri iskanju pomoči domačinov, ko ste žrtev neke malverzacije

Opozorilni znaki

• Vsaka država ima različna območja z visokim kriminalom. Na splošno imajo območja z nizkimi dohodki, turistična območja, postaje za železniški in drugi javni prevoz ter okrožja za nočno življenje večje tveganje za kazniva dejanja kot druga območja. Medtem ko so letališča sama pogosto dovolj varna, je lahko okoliška skupnost vpadljiva; verjetno je tudi daleč od središča mesta. Številne destinacije imajo motel trak nekdanje glavne ceste v mesto; ker te ceste zaobidejo avtoceste, lahko prenočišča (ali celo lokalna območja) propadajo ali postanejo magnet za zločin. Ker je vsaka skupnost drugačna, v članku o mestu Wikivoyage preverite razdelek "Ostanite varni", preden se odločite, kje boste ostali.
• Ne pozabite, da so osupljivi posli in neverjetni dobitki tako malo verjetni, kot se zdijo, in so verjetno del prevare.
• Pazite na neznanca, za katerega se vam zdi, da vas izpostavlja za posebno pozornost, še posebej, če vas skušajo prepričati, da zapustite prijatelje ali jih spremljate na neznano območje.
• Izogibajte se nikomur prosjačenje, še posebej, če otroke prosjačijo v njihovem imenu (pogosta prevara). Če na Kitajskem opazite otroka, ki prosi, ga prosim objavite na spletu, saj so ti otroci pogosto žrtve ugrabitve, objavljanje slike na spletu pa otrokom olajša iskanje.
• Biti v kateri koli situaciji, ko ste med skupino neznancev, ki se vsi poznajo, ne pa tudi sami, jim daje veliko moč nad vami.
• Izogibajte se pošiljanju denarja prek Western Union ali podobnih storitev ljudem ali podjetjem, ki jih ne poznate.
• Bodite previdni pri neznancih privlačnega videza, ki poskušajo dvigniti vaša spolna čustva, vključno s seksualnimi delavci, gostinci in gostinstvom.

Reakcija

• Preden sprejmete izdelke, storitve ali nastanitve, se vedno pogovorite in dogovorite za ceno in vedno imejte dokazilo o plačilu.
• Od vas ni treba biti vljudni ali prijazni do nikogar, ki vas noče pustiti pri miru, ko to zahtevate.
• Prav tako niste dolžni odgovarjati na vprašanja naključnih ljudi o spoznavanju. Morda so to le prijazni domačini, morda pa so tudi prevaranti, ki iščejo zanje koristne informacije.
• Hoja po "neverjetni ponudbi" se morda zdi nesramna, toda res je primerna za pot in številni domačini jo razumejo. Poskusite se učiti od njih.

"Koristni" domačini

Te prevare temeljijo na ideji, da vam ponudijo pomoč ali nasvet, ki je dejansko zavajajoč, saj zaupate, da se boste zanašali na "lokalno znanje" prevaranta. Običajno vključujejo svetovanje, zaradi katerega plačate nekaj, česar sicer ne bi, ali odidete nekam, kamor ne želite iti. Nekatere prevare, pri katerih vam lahko koristen lokalni ponudnik naredi ugodne ponudbe, so lahko naravnost goljufive, na primer prepričanje, da kupite ponarejene dragulje, vendar mnogi preprosto prisilijo, da plačate za nekaj, česar ne bi plačali, če bi bolje poznali območje .

Ena največjih pasti tovrstnih prevar je želja biti vljuden do ljudi, ki so vljudni in prijazni do vas; in prevaranti to vedo. Čeprav ne bi smeli postati trdo grd človek, bi morali z vljudno previdnostjo prejemati nezaželene ponudbe pomoči in, ko ste upravičeno prepričani, da vas prevarajo, vam ni treba biti vljuden, da se ubranite: počutite se prosto oditi ali odločno spregovoriti o osebi. Kričanje na pomoč bi lahko bilo potrebno, vendar bo pogosto le pritegnilo več (neželene) pozornosti. Če se pretvarjate, da ne obstajajo, kar pomeni, da ne vzpostavljate očesnega stika, ne hodite hitreje, ne rečete "zdravo" ali "ne", jih boste pogosto ponižali ali izčrpali, ne da bi vas razočarali. Ne odzivajte se, če vas kličejo rasistično, da bi pritegnili vašo pozornost. Druga pogosta napaka je reči "ne hvala", v tem primeru imajo taktiko "stopalo v vrata" in tečejo in čutijo, da se lahko začnejo pogovarjati z vami.

Druga past so ponudbe "predobre, da bi bile resnične": skoraj zagotovo ne držijo.

Nastanitvena priporočila

Opozorilo! Sobe vas stanejo več, če vas popeljejo.

Vaš voznik ali vodnik vam bo povedal, da je kraj, kamor se odpravljate, zaprt, ni dober ali predrag in da nekje bolje ve. Čeprav je to res, je verjetno, da mu "boljše" mesto daje provizijo za napotitve, njegova provizija pa bo samo povečala vašo ceno sobe.

Vztrajati morate na načrtovanem cilju. V nekaterih primerih vas voznik ne bo vozil do hotela, tudi če vztrajate. Ponekod vas bodo taksisti odpeljali do napačnega hotela in vztrajali, da je to tisti, ki ste ga zahtevali! Pridobite pravilno ime, ker je v njihovih imenih veliko kopij in podobnosti.

Da bi se izognili talcu s plačanim taksijem, imejte prtljago pri sebi na zadnjem sedežu, da boste lahko resnično grozili, da boste odšli in ne plačali. Običajno se umaknejo, ko začnete odpirati vrata - in če ne, si poiščite novega voznika.

Najboljše, kar lahko storite, je, da se izognete uporabi taksijev. Prej prispe na novo lokacijo rezervirajte svojo nastanitev, ugotovite, kje je na zemljevidu, in preverite, ali obstaja kakšen nadomestni prevoz, kot so lokalni avtobusi, da pridete do vaše nastanitve ali blizu nje. Če morate po prihodu rezervirati nastanitev, rezervirajte pri uglednih virih, kot je lokalna potovalna agencija ali turistična pisarna.

Atrakcija zaprta

Morda pridete na glavno turistično destinacijo le, če v bližini vhoda najdete zelo ustrežljivega domačina, ki vam razloži, da je kraj, kamor želite iti, zaprt, če je prišlo do nemirov / počitnic / uradnega obiska. (Včasih so taksisti v dogovoru s temi ustrežljivimi domačini in vas namerno odložijo, da vas sprejmejo.) Domačin vam bo nato ponudil, da vas odpeljejo na manj znan, a neskončno lepši pogled ali v lepo trgovino. Na splošno je destinacija v resnici odprta za podjetja: preprosto zavrnite ponudbo in pojdite pogledat. Tudi v zelo redkih primerih, ko govorijo resnico, morda niso tako koristni, kot se zdijo, zato bi bilo bolje, če bi sledili lastnemu varnostnemu načrtu. Samo pojdite stran od njih in se odpravite proti glavnemu turističnemu vhodu, kjer vas nehajo spremljati.

Nasprotno bi se lahko zgodilo pri prihodu z avtomobilom, zlasti v krajih, kot je Rio de Janeiro, kjer bi prevaranti morda zahtevali plačilo, da bi "zaščitili vaš avto" (razširjena prevara v Braziliji). Čeprav so včasih turistične znamenitosti dejansko zaprte ali v postopku vzdrževanja, bodo prevaranti navedli, da so odprte, in vnaprej zahtevajo majhno pristojbino. Taksisti se bodo včasih tudi dolgo podali do kraja in "pozabili" omeniti, da je kraj zaprt, nato pa predlagali alternativno znamenitost daleč stran od prvotnega kraja.

Umetniška šola

Na ulici vas srečajo ljudje, ki pravijo, da so študentje umetnosti. Dobro govorijo angleško in vas vabijo, da obiščete njihovo šolo. Potem vas bodo poskušali pridobiti za nakup enega od njihovih del za previsoko ceno. "Študentke" so ponavadi privlačne mlade ženske, ki so v galeriji zaposlene, da bi pritegnile stranke in da bi se stranke počutile dolžne kupiti "njihova" dela, da bi jih spodbudile in jim povrnile prijaznost.

Ta prevara se izvaja v Kitajska, zlasti v Peking in Xi'an.

Vztrajna pomoč

Včasih vas domačini preprosto poskušajo prisiliti, da pomagate z avtomatom za karte, zemljevidom podzemne železnice ali navodili. Morda so jim preveč v pomoč, morda pa tudi iščejo in zahtevajo majhen namig za prisilno pomoč. Na splošno bodite previdni pri vseh, ki silijo v vaš osebni prostor in začnejo stvari početi za vas, ne da bi vas vprašali, ali jih potrebujete. Če ste prejeli pomoč in potem zahtevate nekaj kovancev, jo je verjetno lažje plačati. Vendar pa vas takšne razmere lahko pustijo tudi občutljive za krajo, zato bodite vljudni, vendar odločni in nato preprosto trdni, tako da osebi poveste, da ste zdaj v redu in naj vas pusti pri miru.

Domačin, ki se vam nenehno ponuja za "pomoč", vas morda ne bo hotel vrniti ali pa bo za njegovo vrnitev zahteval denar; prav tako namerava kdorkoli, ki vam je preveč pripravljen "pomagati" pri prtljagi, ukrasti dragocenosti. Domačin se lahko tudi ponudi, da se fotografira; šele potem, ko fotografirate, zahtevajo denar.

Mejni prehodi

Na mejnem prehodu Poipet

Poipet (na meji med Tajska in Kambodža) je klasičen primer mejni prehod prevara. "Koristni" vam bodo zaračunali neuporabno storitev (na primer izpolnitev prijavnice); "prijazni" ljudje vam bodo za pridobitev vizuma zaračunali dvakrat več od običajne pristojbine (kar lahko storite tudi sami), prevaranti vam bodo rekli, da morate denar zamenjati po njihovih grozljivih menjalnih tečajih (rekli vam bodo tudi, da bankomatov ni nikjer v država) in vozniki tuk-tuka vam bodo za 100 metrov zaračunali nekaj idiotske vsote.

Zdravilo je preprosto: preberite si na katerem koli mejnem prehodu, preden ga prestopite, vnaprej poznajte stroške in ne verjemite ali plačajte nikomur, ki ni v uniformi. Tudi takrat poskusite vprašati drugo osebo v uniformi, da vidite, ali ste dobili isto zgodbo.

Članki Wikivoyage države imajo v razdelku »vstop« običajno opis skupnih postopkov na vseh (večjih) mejnih prehodih. V primeru velikih držav boste morda želeli pogledati tudi članke o regijah in mestih.

Darila beračev

Če bi radi kupili nekaj zapestnic ali drugih nakit, je na koncu pogosto ceneje, če jih kupite pri prodajalcu, kot da jih sprejmete kot "darilo"

Berač vas ustavi na ulici in vam podari "darilo", kot bi si zavezal "zapestnico" okoli zapestja. Druga možnost je, da na ulici "najdejo" nekaj podobnega prstanu in vam ga dajo. Po nekaj trenutkih klepeta začnejo zahtevati denar in vas spremljajo, dokler jim ne daste denarja.

Izogniti se tej prevari je dovolj enostavno: ne pozabite, kaj vam je povedala mama, ko ste bili v vrtcu, in ne sprejemajte "brezplačnih" daril tujcev. Ta prevara je še posebej pogosta v Egiptu in Veliki Britaniji. V eni izmed različic, ki jih občasno vidijo v posebej velikih kanadskih, ameriških in japonskih mestih, se berači oblečejo v lažne menihe, da bi pridobili te "donacije".

Druga podobna prevara vključuje preveč nagnjene ljudi, ki se predstavljajo kot zbiranje denarja v dobrodelne namene. To je še posebej pogosto v razvitih državah. Običajno se vam bo približala starka, ki vam bo na srajco privezala rožico in pričakovala, da boste "podarili" denar. Nikoli ne rečejo posebne dobrodelnosti, pogosto rečejo "za otroke." Vprašanje o posebnostih njihove "dobrodelnosti" jih lahko pomaga prestrašiti. Običajno, če nimajo imenskih značk ali celo imena dobrodelne organizacije, to verjetno ni prava dobrodelna organizacija.

Preden vstopite v situacijo, v kateri bi se lahko spoprijeli, si določite pravila, kako in kdaj boste porabili denar, se držite pravil in drugim sporočite.

Umazana obutev prevara

Čistilo za čevlje pravi, da je treba vaše čevlje očistiti, in poudarja, da je na vaših čevljih umazanija. Ko si ogledate, so na vašem čevlju res iztrebki ali kakršna koli druga umazanija (običajno veliko). Ponuja, da jih spet pospravijo za zelo visoko ceno. Najverjetneje niste prepoznali, da je nekaj metrov pred tem čistilec ali pomočnik vrgel ravno umazanijo na vaše čevlje.

To prevaro lahko tudi kombiniramo džeparstvo ali kraja motenj, kot so opazili v Kairu in Delhiju. Različica v Buenos Airesu vključuje nekoga, ki vam na plašč vrže gorčico ali drugo pasto, nato pa vas pomočnik ali tretja oseba pokrade in občasno ukrade torbo.

Prevare oblasti

Pravi romunski policist

Lažni policaji

Potegne vas vozilo, ki se zdi policijski avto, pogosto neoznačen. Domnevni policist pravi, da boste na licenci prejeli veliko globo in točke, vendar se temu lahko izognete tako, da vnaprej plačate precej manjšo pristojbino v gotovini. Različica tega vključuje (ponarejenega) častnika, ki se obrne na vas in trdi, da je bilo storjeno kakšno zapleteno manjše kaznivo dejanje, in da se nevšečnosti pri aretaciji itd. Lahko izognemo s takojšnjim plačilom globe. To je ne uradna taktika, ki jo organi pregona uporabljajo skoraj povsod (lahko pa to vseeno stori pokvarjena policija). V državah brez visoke stopnje korupcije zakoniti policisti skrbijo za spoštovanje zakona in ne za denar, ki ga bodo prejeli. Policija bo izdala pravo vozovnico, ki jo je treba plačati po pošti ali z bančnim nakazilom (ali osebno na oddelek), opozorilo, v katerem sploh ni treba plačati denarja, ali pa vas bo pustila popolnoma brezplačno.

V drugi različici neznanec na letališču prosi nič hudega slutečega opazovalca, naj mu pazi na torbo ali torbico. Neznanec odide in se vrne s policistom (ali nekom, ki se predstavlja kot tak), ki trdi, da je v vreči droga ali tihotapljenje, in zahteva podkupnino, da bi se izognil kazenskemu pregonu.

Obstajajo številne različice, ki vključujejo neznance, ki predlagajo nezakonite dejavnosti ali dejavnosti sive cone, in policisti, ki zahtevajo podkupnino ali "globo", želijo videti vaš potni list ali vas pregledati (in vam ukrasti denarnico ali del njene vsebine). Glej Maradona spodaj.

Preprosto se lahko predstavljate za policista. Policijska vozila so praviloma modeli, ki se prodajajo tudi civilistom, številni od teh modelov pa že vrsto let niso preoblikovani, zato je starejše mogoče kupiti poceni. Vrtljive luči, kakršne najdemo na armaturnih ploščah neoznačenih policijskih vozil, lahko enostavno kupite v trgovinah z elektroniko ali v hobi trgovinah, policijske uniforme in značke pa v uniformih. Čeprav pravi oficir pozna razliko, naivni civilist (kaj šele tuji obiskovalec) ne.

Vsaj v Srbiji je v nekaterih primerih res mogoče in zakonito plačati 50% na kraju samem v gotovini prometnemu policistu ali 100% kasneje v banki ali na pošti. Po drugi strani pa lahko v državah, kjer je policijska korupcija resna težava, pravi policist, ki vas vleče, poskuša izsiliti podkupnino - če menite, da je temu tako, boste morali uporabiti svojo sodbo in znanje države, da se odloči, kaj storiti.

Cestnine

Zakonito cestnine uporabite obstoječe strukture. Toda na nekaterih podeželskih območjih so postavljena primitivna začasna vrata na malo prevoženih cestah, ki jih obiskujejo turisti, in denar se zahteva v zameno za prehod. Videti je, da bi lahko šlo za "cestnino" ali za vstopnino v park. V mnogih primerih imate poleg plačevanja in godrnjanja le malo možnosti, toda zgolj grožnja, da boste situacijo prijavili organom, bi v nekaterih primerih lahko naredila čudeže.

Maradona

Maradona je prevara, ki je zelo pogosta pri nas Romunija, zlasti v prestolnici Bukarešta. Nekdo se bo obrnil na vas in vas poskušal vključiti v pogovor (v angleščini), običajno o nečem nedovoljenem. Nekaj ​​sekund kasneje se bosta pojavila dva moška v navadnih oblačilih, vendar z utripajočimi legitimnimi policijskimi značkami. Vas in vašega "novega znanca" bodo obtožili neke nezakonite dejavnosti (običajno "zamenjave valut") in zahtevali ogled denarnice in / ali potnega lista.

Ne izročite jim teh stvari! Dokumente in stvari imejte v žepu in zunaj njih.

Pojdite stran ali kričite ali jim naravnost povejte, da ne verjamete, da gre za policijo, ali predlagate, da se vsi sprehodite do preddverja bližnjega hotela (ali policijske postaje), ker ne želite vzeti denarnice ali papirjev. ulica. Ti prevaranti uspevajo, ker policija ne izvaja zakonov proti nenasilnim kaznivim dejanjem in nekatere tujce zlahka zavede. Ne bodo vas fizično napadli: ravnanje z nasilnimi storilci kaznivih dejanj je hudo (ti moški so profesionalci in nikoli ne bi bili dovolj nespametni, da bi tvegali fizični napad). Ne ogrožajte jih in se ne poskušajte boriti z njimi.

Obstaja bolj nasilna različica tega, opažena v Cartagena (Kolumbija), kjer vam ponujajo zdravila za nakup. Če to storite, se takoj pojavijo ponarejeni policisti, ki bodo zahtevali, da plačate veliko globo. Odpeljali vas bodo do najbližjega bankomata in vas prisilili, da dvignete čim več denarja in vas lahko celo ugrabijo.

"Uradnik" zahteva spominek

Ko vam uradnik ali nekdo oblečen pomaga na tranzitni postaji, kot je letališče ali železniška postaja, vas ta oseba za spomin prosi za denar iz vaše države. Če izvlečete manj, kot si želijo, bodo s preveč prijaznim, a vztrajnim načinom zahtevali višji znesek, običajno v zapiskih. V nekaterih državah je dajanje denarja uradniku napačno razumljeno kot podkupnina in vas lahko spusti v globoko vodo. Najbolje je, da pogovor čim bolj omejite in če vas prosimo za denar, se pretvarjamo v nevednost ali pomanjkanje denarja. To se je zgodilo v Maleziji in na Kitajskem.

Domačini v stiski

Ravno okradeno

Ta prevara vključuje osebe, ki se vam obračajo in vas vprašajo, ali veste, kje je policijska postaja. Videti bodo prestrašeni in pretreseni in vas bodo obvestili, da so jim pravkar oropali denar, ki ga je potreboval za vrnitev domov, ki je zelo verjetno v drugem mestu ali celo državi. Spet bodo čustveni in rekli, da policija morda ne bo v veliko pomoč in se bo po pomoč obrnila na vas. Čeprav pričakujejo le, da boste z veseljem izročili majhen znesek, več ljudi, kot jih prevarajo, več zaslužijo sami. Ta prevara je tudi v obliki beguncev, ki pobegnejo iz vojne raztresene države, očeta, ki mora v bolnišnico, da vidi svojega bolnega otroka, in številnih drugih različicah.

Prosjačenje za zdravila bolnim družinskim članom

Ta prevara se izvaja v nekaterih delih Afrike, kjer je dobro znano, da turisti potujejo z lastnimi zdravili, kot so penicilin ali zdravila proti malariji. Berači se bodo približali na ulici in pripovedovali žalostno zgodbo o svoji hčerkici ali sinu, ki umira zaradi malarije ali kakšne druge bolezni. Nato vas bodo vprašali, ali lahko dobijo vaše zdravilo, da jih rešijo. Z jecajočo zgodbo je težko zavrniti prošnjo in morda vas obtožijo vsega, od rasizma do tega, da prostovoljno pustite, da umre nedolžen otrok. Takoj ko bodo prejeli vaša zdravila, bodo pobegnili, verjetno da bi rešili hčerko, v resnici pa bodo odšli v lokalno lekarno, da bi prodali vaša zdravila. Draga zdravila, kot je Malarone, lahko dosežejo do 10 ameriških dolarjev na tableto.

Ta prevara žrtvam povzroča veliko čustvenega stresa, vendar ne pozabite, da če bi bil otrok res bolan, je malo verjetno, da bi oče tekal po ulicah in prosil turiste za zdravila. Otroka bi pripeljali v lokalno ambulanto, in če bi resnično primanjkovalo mamil, bi se na vas verjetno lotili povsem drugače. Ne pozabite tudi, da bi lahko opustitev težko nadomestnih zdravil na recept postavili v nevarnost, če bi sami oboleli za katero koli boleznijo. Zdravilo je, da ne postanete mehkega srca, zato preprosto ignorirajte osebo in pojdite stran.

Prekomerno polnjenje

Te prevare temeljijo na vašem nepoznavanju področja in se zanašajo na to, da boste dobro plačali več kot tržna stopnja za blago ali storitve. Nekateri se bodo zanašali na ustrežljivega lokalnega usmerjevalca do blaga, drugi pa bodo preprosto vključevali visoko ceno. V nekaterih državah je to institucionalizirano: tujci morajo plačati več tudi za prave znamenitosti.

Pridobivanje splošnega občutka cenovnih razponov in podobno je najboljši način za preprečevanje previsokih stroškov. Ponekod se domneva, da boste ugodno znižali previsoko zaračunane cene, v drugih pa boste morali preprosto oditi ali plačati blago, čeprav bi morali v primeru storitve vseeno izpodbijati znesek, če je očitno precenjen.

Odškodninski zahtevki za najem avtomobila

Mehanik popravi vrata avtomobila

Ko ti izposoditi si avto ali drugem vozilu, ste hitri skozi postopek preverjanja predhodnih poškodb, vključno z praskami; agent morda ni tako vesel, ker ste si vzeli čas za to. V vozilu je že veliko prask ali udrtin, zato jih vaše oči nemogoče ujeti.

Ko vrnete vozilo, vas zadene nesramno prebujenje. Agencija vas obtožuje, da ste povzročili škodo na vozilu, in vas zdaj odgovarja. Agencija vam je opozorila na škodo na delu vozila, ki jo je težko opaziti, verjetno pa je bila tam že prej. Toda tega vam ne bodo povedali. Zanj boste na kreditni kartici plačali na stotine, celo tisoče dolarjev. Verjetno so to zaračunali več strankam, čeprav je denar za popravilo potreben le enkrat, znesek, ki ga zaračunajo, pa močno presega dejanske stroške popravila. Pravzaprav ga najverjetneje nikoli ne bodo popravili in bodo vozilo prodali ali zamenjali, ko bo čas potekel. Notranji predstavniki industrije poročajo, da se agentom, ki "opazijo" škodo, plača provizija, zato imajo zelo dobro spodbudo, da majhne škode ne opazijo in jo po vrnitvi "odkrijejo".

Tovrstna taktika je skupna vsem blagovnim znamkam v industriji najemanja vozil, primeri lokalnih operaterjev Europcar UK, Budget Canada in Hertz Australia pa so bili preganjani zaradi neprimernega ravnanja in zavajanja z goljufivim pripisovanjem škode strankam ali napihovanjem stroškov popravila.

Različice vključujejo zaračunavanje popravil, ki niso bila nikoli opravljena, ali zaračunavanje popravil po napihnjenih cenah. V nekaterih primerih se izkaže, da servisno delavnico in agenta za najem avtomobila obema nadzoruje ista oseba ali subjekt, kar dopušča zahtevke, kot je 1000 USD za zamenjavo vetrobranskega stekla, ki ni bila nikoli opravljena.

Ko se dvignete, se lahko zaščitite tako, da posnamete veliko fotografij od blizu (znotraj in zunaj). Če se ob vrnitvi vozila ne strinjate glede škode, lahko fotografski dokazi povzročijo, da se najemnica umakne in je bistvenega pomena, če boste morali pritožbo posredovati v pisarni podjetja.

Trik brez sprememb

Če izvedete plačilo, ki zahteva spremembo, ga bodo zavrnili in zahtevali, da plačate natančen znesek. Če pa niste preveč pozorni, bodo "pozabili" vrniti vaše prvotno plačilo. Morda se zdi nenavadno, če tega ne opazite, toda v hitro premikajoči se in zmedeni nastavitvi se to zgodi lažje, kot si mislite, še posebej, če ste nekoliko utrujeni ali vinjeni. Takšni dogodki se dogajajo tudi v ustanovah spodobnega videza, kot so nakupovalna središča in letališke trgovine. Značilni znak bližnjih težav je, da bo blagajnik nenadoma izgubil sposobnost govora ali razumevanja ene same besede v angleščini. Če imate še vedno ves denar v roki, je najboljši način zapustiti svoje blago in oditi.

V drugi različici bo prodajalec vztrajal, da nima spremembe za izdelek, ki ste ga kupili, in da morate namesto spremembe sprejeti blago (pogosto nekakovostno). Če zahtevate, da "prekličete" prodajo in dobite denar nazaj, lahko prodajalec vztraja pri vztrajanju, da vzamete blago ali se počutite krivega, ker potrebuje denar za svojo družino ali podjetje, ne gre dobro. Če plačujete z velikimi računi, je najbolje vprašajte, ali se prodajalec pred predajo vašega denarja spremeni.

Še ena različica vključuje okna za vstopnice na turističnih krajih. Prodajalci vstopnic vam bodo vzeli denar, dolgo žigali po vstopnicah in se pogovarjali s sodelavci, vzeli osebno izkaznico kot zaščito za avdio vodiče itd. In preprosto "pozabili", da vam bodo dali drobiž. Lahko vam dajo nekaj kratkih informacij, se nasmehnejo in rečejo "v redu!" da vas odvrne in pošlje na pot. Ko zapustite okno, nimate možnosti, da bi dobili svojo spremembo, zato jo obvezno prosite in naj vas ne motijo ​​"koristne informacije".

Zbiralec kovancev

Medtem ko čakate na javnem mestu, kot je restavracija ali avtobusno postajališče, se prijazen, dobro govoreč domačin približa na pogovor. Po klepetu posameznik z vami deli, da je zbiralec kovancev, in vas vpraša, ali bi radi videli njegovo zbirko. Posameznik iz svojega žepa izdela majhno zbirko kovancev in z velikim lažnim zanimanjem razloži državo izvora vsakega od svojih kovancev. V pogovor se bodo vmešala vprašanja o vrsti denarja, ki ga uporabljate v svoji državi, in navidezna želja, da bi vedeli več. Predvideni izid je, da bo nehoteni turist pokazal drobiž, ki ga imajo s seboj od doma, in če ga bo pogovor dovolj zavedel, ponudil, da ga lahko domačin obdrži za svojo zbirko. Po pogovoru bo zbiralec denarja zamenjal denar za lokalno valuto.

Provizijske trgovine

Običajno je najbolje, da nakupovanje opravite brez pomoči.

Po vsem svetu, zlasti v Aziji, so trgovine, ki bodo vozniku ali turističnemu vodniku dale provizijo, da pripelje turiste; nekatere ture zapravijo več časa v teh trgovinah, kot pa jih porabijo za dejanske znamenitosti. V teh trgovinah pogosto prodajajo blago nizke kakovosti po previsokih cenah; lahko trdijo, da prodajajo ročno izdelane izdelke iz domače obrti ali da so brez dela otrok, vendar so takšne trditve pogosto napačne. Priporočljivo je, da se pri njih ne kupujete, še posebej, če vas je nekdo napotil v trgovino.

Lahko pa se odločite, kaj želite, nato pa se vrnite brez voznika in kupčijo za znaten popust. V Jeruzalemu bi moralo to znašati najmanj 35%, kar je približno znesek, ki ga dobi voznik. V nekaterih trgovinah s kitajskimi pastmi bi moralo biti vsaj 60%; izdelki so označeni s "fiksnimi cenami", vendar lahko uradniki dajo do 20% popusta, vodnik pa dobi 50% prodajne cene, tako da je "dejanska" cena 40% od označene.

V teh krajih so pogosto čiste kopalnice v zahodnem slogu, ki jih je sicer težko dobiti.

Glej Nakupovanje članek za nekatere alternative, ki so pogosto boljše od teh trgovin.

Zamenjava valut

Če vas prepričajo, da kupite spominke ali druge predmete od ljudi, ki prodajajo na ulici, si oglejte drobiž, ki ste ga dobili od prodaje, preden ga položite v denarnico: morda je v drugi valuti podobnega videza. Na primer, v Kitajska, ulični prodajalec vam lahko namesto 50 JPY izroči bankovec za 50 rubljev; prvi je vreden desetino toliko kot drugi. Na nekaterih območjih lahko dobite naravnost ponarejeno valuto. Pazite tudi, da opombe, ki jih prejmete, niso raztrgane ali poškodovane, saj jih morda ne bodo sprejeli drugje. Prav tako vam lahko prodajalec dokončno ukrade račune v postopku "zamenjave" denarja.

Slab denar pogosto izžene dobre. Mnoge zastarele valute, ki so poimenovane podobno kot sodobna valuta, so videti uradne, vendar so brez vrednosti; vlade spodbujajo inflacijo s tiskanjem preveč denarja, nato pa ustvarijo "novo" valuto, ki zgolj odstrani nekaj končnih ničel v apoenih brezvredne "stare" valute. Vlade so določene zapiske tudi "demonetizirale" in namerno postale neveljavne. Obstaja tudi nekaj držav (kot npr Kuba), ki imajo uradno (ali so imeli) dve valuti - kubanski konvertibilni pezo (CUC) je dragocenejši od običajnega kubanskega pesosa (CUP), kar ustvarja priložnosti za vabo in preklop na nesrečno potovanje.

"Boljši" tečaj

Poglej tudi: Denar

Domačini lahko ponujajo boljši menjalni tečaj kot uradne banke ali pooblaščene menjalnice. Najbolje se je izogibati tem ponudbam, saj morda ne veste, ali prejemate ponarejene račune ali zastarele valute, ki jih je vlada postopoma odpravila in nima več nobene vrednosti.

Izračunana cena

Predmeti iz plemenitih kovin, kot so zlate zapestnice, se v nekaterih državah prodajajo kot „dolarji na gram“. Če primerjate ceno med trgovinami in nato s trenutno ceno zlata, je praksa videti odprta in pregledna, tako da se lahko pri izračunu zanesete na prodajalca. Šele pozneje, če sploh, boste ugotovili, da je bila cena, ki ste jo zaračunali, veliko večja od izračunane cene.

Poštena menjava

A vendor may claim to be willing to accept your home currency for a purchase (and most travel venues on an international boundary do so) but their exchange rate is at least 10% worse than any local bank or a dedicated bureau de change. For instance, "US dollars accepted here" by a merchant at $1.10 (when the local currency is trading below eighty cents on the open market) is no bargain. Sub-prime cheque cashing businesses are also infamous for deliberately unfavorable rates on currency exchange.

One pitfall in this respect is dynamic currency exchange: the vendor on a card-paid transaction offers to do the conversion for you and bill your card in your home currency. In most cases, it's best to say "no" and refuse to complete the transaction if the vendor insists, as the exchange rate offered by the merchant is almost invariably worse than whatever's offered by default by your card's issuing bank or credit union. This is a common scam in Europe. The card terminal may be handed to you with the choice of local or your home currency. Always pay in the local currency as your credit card company will invariably provide the better exchange rate. If the vendor has already selected your home currency, cancel the transaction (red key) and ask them to enter again in local currency.

This scam is also often perpetrated by online vendors. For instance, if you buy online and pay with PayPal in a country that doesn't use the euro or US dollar, you'll have to manually opt out of currency conversion on every transaction, because you're always getting a worse rate than what your bank will charge you. For some currency pairs PayPal's fee can be as much as 10%, while the corresponding bank fee when the customer's account is charged in a different currency, would be only in the neighborhood of 2-4%.

Gem and other resale scams

You are taken to a jewelry shop and offered a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to purchase gemstones or jewels at special discount prices. Another customer in the shop, well-dressed and perhaps from the same country as you, tells how he made incredible profits last year by reselling the gems and is now back for more but to hurry as the sale ends today and you have to pay cash.

Of course, once you get back home and try to sell your booty, it turns out to be low-grade and worth only a fraction of what you paid for it. This scam is particularly prevalent in Bangkok, but variations on the theme with other products that can supposedly be resold for vast profits are common elsewhere too. Another variation involves you exporting the gems for a supposed 'commission' in exchange for the scammer taking a photocopy of your ID cards and/or credit cards, which can of course be used to make a tidy profit via identity theft.

Counterfeit items

Fake Rolex wristwatches

Unfortunately for the traveller, counterfeiting isn't limited to the manufacture of "Relox" watches or knock-offs of random overpriced luxury goods from CD's and DVD's to watches, clothing, bags and cosmetics. In some regions, branded prescription medicines are prone to being copied by rival manufacturers. Knock-offs vary from legitimately useful generics to poor copies with the wrong amount of an active ingredient; many are diluted and some don't work at all. Outdated medications, which can be unreliable, have a knack for turning up at inopportune moments in out-of-the-way places. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates indicate one million deaths are tied to bogus medicine, with fake anti-malaria tablets in Africa of particular concern.

American import law prohibits bringing more than one of any counterfeit item into the country and requires the items be razglašena. This is especially important when travelling back from Azija, where most counterfeit goods originate. It's assumed that if you are buying more than one, it's for illegal resale. One counterfeit Rolex for your possession is legal, but two fake Rolexes are illegal and subject to thousands of dollars in fines.

Counterfeit currency is also an issue in some regions, particularly in Asia. North Korea is accused by the CIA of printing very convincing (but bogus) US currency, known as "supernotes", for export within the region.

Cruise ship art auctions

Cruise passengers are lured to auctions of supposedly investment-grade, collector painting, which are actually industrial inkjet printed copies, euphemistically called giclée. Free champagne flows like water. The auctions may or may not be conducted by licensed auctioneers and may not adhere to standard auction practices. Since the sales take place at sea, it is difficult for buyers to do due diligence and research on internet prior to making decision. Buyers may have little recourse if the art is misrepresented. Furthermore, in traditional auctions the bidder buys the actual piece on display, whereas cruise ship auctions sell the art on display, but the winning bidder actually receives a different (but supposedly equivalent) piece which is shipped from the auction company's warehouse. Many art buyers at cruise ship auctions have later found that their shipboard masterpieces were worth only a fraction of the purchase price and will never appreciate in value. One major player in cruise ship auction is Park West Galleries.

Art auctions on cruise ships are not investment grade. To prevent being scammed, carefully read any terms and conditions prior to signing anything.

Non-exportable antiques

Buying expensive antiques anywhere is risky. Even experts can sometimes be deceived by fakes, and a naive buyer is at great risk of being overcharged nearly anywhere. An additional complication arises in the many countries which, quite understandably, have various restrictions on export of relics of their culture. Egipt in Indija, for example, have strict rules on export of antiquities and Kitajska requires a license for antiques. V Peru it is forbidden to export relics and to buy a relic requires a license of the Ministry of Culture, so always check in the official tourist information office (iperu).

Check the laws in any country you visit before buying antiques. Otherwise, you might have your purchases confiscated at the border and be hit with a hefty fine as well. In some countries, licensed dealers can provide paperwork that allows export for some items, but bogus documents are sometimes provided. Try to deal with someone respectable and traceable.

In some countries, the whole thing becomes a scam. Instead of preserving the confiscated "heritage" items, corrupt border police may sell them right back to the tourist shops so that the shops then sell them to another unsuspecting traveler.

Your own country may also apply import restrictions to items such as animal pelts (for a long list of species, some of which are not actually endangered) or anything containing ivory. Know before you go.

Plastic bag code

In some countries where haggling is common, people at markets may have an arrangement where they will put purchases in different colored bags to signal how much a customer has paid, allowing other vendors to charge accordingly. For instance, at a certain market, a white bag may indicate that a customer paid the usual price whereas a blue bag may indicate that they paid a higher amount - vendors will ask a higher price if they see someone carrying a lot of blue bags. Different markets have different color codes, and some may have several stages of overcharging.

To avoid this, try to figure out how much the usual prices for things are before making your purchase and haggling the price aggressively if they are charging too much, and putting purchases in a backpack or durable shopping bag rather than using the plastic bags provided.

"Low cost" airlines

Medtem low cost airlines are legitimate and often genuinely cheaper operations, some of their (usually totally legal) business practices are similar to scams. A thing that is so common that it shouldn't surprise you is the quoting of prices "from" a certain amount of money. Sure the ticket for London to Milan "from" €19 sounds tempting, but those prices usually refer to a small contingent of tickets that you have to be quite lucky to ever see, let alone get. Besides that prices are almost always quoted for one-way fares (whereas traditional airlines often quote round trip ticket prices) and don't include a variety of fees and taxes. If you really want to go one way on a day of the week that sees little traffic and have little or no luggage and are willing to take it with you carry-on, you may well get the fabled low rates, but otherwise you should read the fine print zelo carefully.

Some low cost airlines are notorious for outrageous fees, such as €50 for printing a boarding pass or US$100 for half a pound of excess baggage. Another common trick is for "low cost" airlines to fly out of secondary or tertiary "airports" (often converted former military airbases) that - especially in Europe - are not well connected to any sort of public transport and more or less in the middle of nowhere and then proceed to give them deceptive names like "Barcelona"-Girona, "Düsseldorf"-Weeze, "München"-Memmingen, or "Frankfurt"-Hahn, even though those cities are a hundred or more kilometers from "their" low cost airports. V ZDA low cost airlines often fly to airports closer to the city they are named after, but ridiculous surcharges may apply as well. That being said "legacy" airlines have now copied several of the low cost airlines' business practices, especially on short distance routes and especially in the US.

In short: read the fine print carefully, don't order any "extra services" you won't need (a €10 insurance for a €20 flight is getting ripped off and €15 seat reservation for a 50-minute flight is most likely not worth it) and for god's sake jump through all the hoops the airline makes you jump through, lest you be charged ridiculous amounts for paying with the wrong kind of debit card or sitting in the wrong seat or failing to print out a boarding pass in the right format on the right type of paper.

Prisila

These scams rely on trapping you in a bad situation and forcing you to pay money to get out of it. They're best prevented by avoiding the situation; once you're in it, you may well have no option but to pay whatever it takes to get out of it safely. Many of these scams are bordering on illegal.

Brezplačni ogledi

You are offered a "free tour" of a shop or factory way out of town. Your driver may then suggest that you'll need to buy something if you want a ride back. The best prevention is avoidance as if you're stuck out there you might well be compelled to do as he 'suggests'. Don't accept any kind of lift or offer of a tour without having a basic idea of where you're going and how you will be able to get back if your driver deserts you. Of course, if you are strong and assertive from the beginning in dealing with any suspicious characters, you can limit your chances of being involved in this kind of sting. However, always bear in mind that the perpetrator may be carrying a knife or be willing to assault you if the situation arises.

Passport as security for debt or rental

Poglej tudi Theft#Passport and identity theft

You rent equipment like a jet ski or motorbike. You are asked to give your passport as a security guarantee. After returning the rented goods, the owner claims you damaged them and will ask for exaggerated prices to compensate or claim to have "lost" your passport (later the police or lost property office want a substantial "donation" for its return). If you do not agree, they threaten to keep your passport. This scam is used in almost all tourist resorts in Tajska and is very effective.

Never hand over your passport as a security or guarantee in any circumstances. Pay cash (and get a receipt), or hand over something comparatively worthless, like your library card. You can also try going elsewhere (often the threat will be enough).

Note that most passports include wording such as this (direct quote): "This passport is the property of the government of Canada ... If your passport is surrendered to any person or agency outside the Canadian government (e.g. to obtain a visa) and is not promptly returned, report the facts to [an embassy or consulate]." At least in principle, no-one — except a foreign government, a travel agent or an employer who needs it to arrange a visa, or someone like a hotel or airline who want it briefly to check you in — can take a passport away, and anyone who does is in violation of international law. Your government can press the host government to fix the problem, and that government in theory has no choice but to do so. Of course, in reality it is far more complex; your government may not be helpful, the host government may ignore them, local cops may ignore a request from the capital, or they may not have an effective way to pressure whoever has the passport.

Overpriced street vendors

You decide on a whim to buy a piece of one of the massive cakes covered in nuts and fruits that are a fairly common sight in the tourist-laden parts of cities in Kitajska. You ask the price, and the man tending to the cake tells you it depends on how much you want. You show him how much. Immediately, he slices the cake, weighs it out, and gives you an extremely high price. He tells you that since he already sliced the cake, you have to buy it.

The best thing to do in this or any similar situation is probably to leave your purchase and just walk away. If they hassle you, threaten to call the police. Like the art school scam, this ruse depends on using your guilt to coerce you out of your money.

Solicitation of money by photographic subjects

Poglej tudi: Travel photography#Stay safe, Video recording#Stay safe

A local in a colorful costume offers to pose for a photo with a traveller, persistently asking "Want to take a picture?". The visitor takes one picture. The local then starts aggressively demanding money. The traveller objects, only to be met with a string of obscenities at best and physical force at worst.

The scam is that neither the price nor the intent to demand money is disclosed up front. Payment is only demanded after the visitor has taken the photo and it's "too late".

The operators are not licensed street vendors (they evade regulations by mischaracterizing their fee for service as a "tip" or gratuity, only to become rude, aggressive or violent when the victim refuses to pay). While they may appear as anything from bogus Sesame Street characters (who typically demand $2-5) to scantily clad women wearing little other than a thong and body paint (who take $10-20), they invariably do not have permission from the creators of any trademarked, copyrighted characters they're impersonating. As solicitations occur most often in high-traffic, touristed areas like New York City whose visitors are already subjected to begging, aggressive panhandling and various scams, their conduct reflects poorly on the city to outsiders.

While the best response to "Want to take a picture?" in some places is simply to walk away, parents travelling with children may find it very awkward to explain to tiny tots why the Cookie Monster was arrested in Times Square for pushing a two-year-old child to the ground (his mother refused to pay for a photo) or why officers carried an emotionally disturbed Elmo out of Central Park Zoo screaming obscenities (he was ejected for begging from the zoo's visitors).

Rigged gambling games

Shell game in Berlin

This comes in many forms, from the three-card monte cup shufflers of Europe's city streets to dodgy gambling dens in the backstreets of South-East Asia. In most cases, the target is alone. The conman strikes up a conversation and then claims to have family in the target's home country. After some "friendly" conversation, the target is then invited to a card game or some other type of gambling: just for "fun" of course.

The target is taken somewhere far from the tourist area. After doing a few "practice" games, then they start to play for real. Of course, the game is totally rigged. After losing, the target will find his "friend" not so friendly anymore, and then a massive amount of money will be demanded (often totaling in the thousands of dollars). Violence might be used to settle the debts. In some jurisdictions gambling of any kind is illegal.

Tourists are by no means the only targets for this. Professional Chinese-Canadian scammers routinely take huge amounts from Chinese overseas students in crooked mah jong games, for example.

Do not gamble for money with strangers or outside of licensed and well-regarded gambling venues.

Cash on the sidewalk

As you stand on the sidewalk studying your map or guidebook, a passerby will point to a roll of bills, wallet, or gold jewelry on the ground nearby and ask if it is yours. They pick it up and offer to split the stuff with you. If you agree, a couple of heavies will soon appear demanding their money back, much more than you originally "found" of course. This scam is most common in Russia and Ukraine but it's also used in France.

Free hair salon treatment

Most commonly in Asian countries, a good-looking hair dresser would stand outside the salon and pass out coupons for a "free" shampoo hair wash and "free" head massage. Even if you decline, they will continue to be persistent. As soon as they succeed in seating you down in a salon chair and start wetting your hair, they'll explain how damaged your hair is and which specific products will help. The prices are absurdly set and often 2 to 3 times more expensive than in the US for a similar salon treatment. It will be much more difficult to refuse then after they've stroked up a friendly conversation and compliments. The best way to avoid this is simply tell them you've just had a haircut and are not interested.

Kraja

Various scams are outright theft:

• Distraction theft, in its various forms, usually involves one villain distracting the victim while an accomplice steals items of value.
• Payment card thefts include various schemes to steal credit card numbers (card skimming) or copy the PINs and magnetic strips of ATM/cash-point cards. In some schemes the card itself is stolen, in others the card information is stolen and used to make fraudulent transactions.
• Žeparji steal items (usually wallets, passports or other valuables) from people's clothing and bags as they walk in a public place.

See the main articles on žeparji in tatvina.

A few scams involve putting you in a position where someone can take your money by force.

Friendly locals wanting to go out for a drink

While walking down the street you may be approached by attractive friendly locals wanting to go out for a beer or a drink. Then they tell you the drink costs way more than it actually does. Or worse, they just wait for you to become inebriated (or tamper with your drink to drug you in some manner) and take your money. Poglej tudi clip joints, spodaj.

Car trouble

People will approach you on the street and tell you that their car just ran out of fuel or is broken down and is only a few blocks away. They'll usually first ask for money for gas. If you don't believe them or try to walk away, they may beg you to come with them to the car to see that they are telling the truth. They may offer you some kind of security such as their jewelry and be well-dressed and plausible seeming.

Do not give people money in these and similar scenarios. Do not follow them to where they claim their car is. If you suspect they are really in trouble, you could report their predicament to police.

Street brawl

You are walking down the street alone and all of a sudden you see many people attacking one person (sometimes an old man or a woman). When you want to help, people will take photos of you and will blackmail you afterwards to go to the police. Now you find out that the attacked person, the attackers and the photographer are a group. They will blackmail you for large amounts of money, because if they go to the police, you most likely need to leave the country (for example in China).

Avoid this scam by following this piece of common sense: It is never wise to engage in fights. If you witness a fight, your best bet is to either walk away or alert the police if they're trustworthy. NEVER get involved yourself. Laying your hand on a local may result in deportation in some countries.

Payment card scams

Poglej tudi: Theft#Payment card theft

Your credit card number, your debit card PIN, or even the card itself is an obvious target for theft and fraud. Some of these scams are distraction thefts (one person distracts you while the other steals your card), some switch a merchant's debit keypad for a tampered or fake version, some add extra hardware to ATM cashpoints to skim the magnetic stripe from payment cards.

In one variant (which appears occasionally as a taxi scam) a vendor asks for payment by debit card and presents a keypad to enter a PIN. The vendor then hands back a card that looks like the one the voyager originally provided... but it's the wrong card. The scammer now has your card, the keypad was rigged to steal your PIN and the thieves go on a spree from cashpoint to cashpoint, emptying your account. Another variant is the restaurateur who wanders off with your credit card, either to secretly copy your card number or to take out a cash advance at your expense.

Counterfeit tickets and stolen goods

There are multiple variants; someone on-line claims "50% off" WestJet tickets to attendees of a particular convention, but the tickets were purchased with a stolen credit card which is quickly red-flagged by the airline; someone lists hard-to-find tickets to a rock star's concert on Craiglist, but these were printed as an elaborate forgery and fifty other unhappy fans are gathered outside the stadium with their equally worthless "tickets"; someone lists a mobile telephone on Kijiji which a mobile carrier soon places on a national blacklist, so that its electronic serial number (IMEI) can't be subscribed anywhere. If the item was purchased from a web listing and handed off in a public place, the seller is later conveniently nowhere to be found. Another variant is an otherwise-valid ticket which the original issuer won't allow the original buyer to transfer (such as a Disneyland multi-day pass with a few days left, which turn up outside the parks often). The items don't have to actually be stolen; it is not unheard of for a mobile provider to place an IMEI on a blacklist in an attempt to get leverage against a subscriber in a billing dispute, with the subsequent owner of the handset victimized.

Event scams

Scammers don't rest during the holidays. Sometimes an event organiser will pop up just long enough to announce a big Noč čarovnic ali novo letni večer bash, with pricey tickets for admission sold in advance. The buyers of these tickets only find the event doesn't exist, isn't as advertised or that the tickets are counterfeit on the day of the event; at that point, because the vendor was a short-lived seasonal, pop-up operation, they're nowhere to be found. Another variant is a mail order vendor peddling seasonal merchandise (such as Halloween costumes) that either doesn't arrive, are not as advertised or only turn up after the event is over. Try to return the two sizes too small Halloween garb that didn't arrive until November, and the seasonal pop-up merchant is conveniently gone — closed for the season.

There's nothing inherently tying these scams to one specific time of year; the various holidays just provide convenient marketing opportunities.

Sex workers

Neon signs in the red light district of Bangkok

Sex workers are a common sight in many cities, and you may find yourself interested in hiring one. Many sex workers are honest and committed to doing their work safely and consensually for all parties involved. However, in some cases, those working in this industry can be involved in a variety of crimes:

• leading you into an armed robbery
• having a confederate go through your clothes while you are out of them
• taking your hotel room key, which is turned over to burglars or thieves
• "cash and dash", where a provider accepts payment for services that are never provided, then leaves
• advance fee scams, where the pimp (or a thug) arrives without the service provider and demands the cash up front - before vanishing with the victim's money in pocket and no service provided
• a bogus "outraged family member" (or cop) appearing and needing to be bought off; alternately, this person's arrival is carefully timed to occur immediately after the provider has accepted payment and before any service is rendered, as effectively a "cash and dash" scheme
• hidden cameras and eventual blackmail

In some instances, the sex workers may have been coerced by human traffickers or organized crime, or have substance abuse issues that make them vulnerable to exploitation.

In almost all cases, the presumption is that victims will not call police; the clients are either ashamed to have to pay for a 'companion', afraid to be outed to a spouse on whom they are cheating, fearful of violent retribution by those running the scams or afraid of legal prosecution as even jurisdictions which nominally do not criminalize solicitation may still outlaw a long and arbitrary list of related activities.

Even if you do not allow one to lead you anywhere, "streetwalkers" (sex workers who solicit clients on the street, rather than online or through a service) can pose risks. Some of those engaged in sex work may be tempted to steal cash or other valuables from a client. In some countries, such as Kitajska or 48 states of the USA, prostitution is illegal and hotel staff may have the local police arrive at your room door not long after you check in.

In countries where prostitution is not fully legalized (and even in some cases where it is), such establishments may have links with other forms of criminal activity, notably various types of gangs, drug dealers and money laundering. A few are clip joints; as legal restrictions in many jurisdictions make providers claim to sell "massage", "companionship" or just about anything except actual "full-service" prostitution, these folks will gladly take the victim's money, then claim the payment was "just for the massage" and demand more money repeatedly. The mark is unceremoniously ejected from the premises (with no actual service provided) once his wallet is empty.

Taxi scams

Poglej tudi: Taksiji

Airports, stations and other places where people arrive in a new city are favorite places for all kinds of touts offering their (often overpriced) services. This includes taxi drivers and people pretending to be taxi drivers and if you're dealing with a dishonest person, the least bad thing that could happen is that you'll be driven to your destination but at an outrageous price. Therefore; if you need to travel by taxi from there, go to the official taxi line.

Scenic taxi rides

Since you don't know the area, taxi drivers can take advantage of you by taking a long route to your hotel and getting a large metered fare. The best prevention is knowledge: it's hard to learn a new city well enough to know a good route before you arrive for the first time. Nenehno ask your hotel roughly what the taxi fare should be when you book or to arrange a pickup with them if they offer the service. Often you can negotiate a fixed price with a taxi before you get in and ask what the range of fare to your hotel will be. Good taxi drivers are on the route to your hotel every day and can give you a very accurate price before you or your luggage get into a cab.

Taxis not using the meter

Police car and taxi at the same time

In cities where the taksiji have fare meters, drivers will often try to drive off with tourists without turning the meter on. When you arrive they'll try and charge fares from the merely expensive (2 or 3 times the usual fare) to fares of hundreds of US dollars, depending on how ambitious they are. If you're in an area known for this scam and you know where you're going and want them to use the meter (rather than arrange a fixed fare), ask them to turn the meter on just before you get in. If they say that it is broken or similar, walk away and try another taxi. They will often concede: a metered fare is better than no fare.

However, an ambitious traveler can actually work this scam in their favor, as in certain countries where meters are required (Kitajska) the passenger cannot be forced to pay for an "informal" (that is, unmetered) taxi ride. A tourist is therefore free to walk away after the ride without paying anything at all: once you step out of his vehicle, the driver will have no proof of transaction to show the police. This tactic is, however, not recommended for use by the weak of heart but can save you money as a last resort.

Using the wrong metered rate

A related scam is using the wrong metered rate: setting it to a more expensive late-night setting during the day. You need location-specific information to prevent this one. A typical rip-off scenario involves a device known as "turbine". By pressing specially installed button (usually on the left of the steering wheel, or next to the clutch pedal) the driver starts the "turbine" and fools the meter to charge much faster than the usual speed. The change in the charging speed is obvious, so dishonest drivers talk and show around a lot, to make their passengers keep an eye off the taxi meter. The best way to prevent the driver from starting the turbine is to keep an eye on the meter at all times.

When suspicious, ask the taxi to drop you off at your (or any) hotel lobby. Security at most hotels can intervene if you are being overcharged.

Luggage held hostage

Watch your luggage as it is loaded! Get into the cab after your luggage is loaded and out before it is out of the trunk. If you put your luggage in the trunk, they might refuse to give you your luggage back unless you pay a much higher price the actual fare. Remember to always write down or remember the taxi number or driver's number in case of problems and keep your luggage in your hand at all times if possible. Often, just writing down the taxi number will make them back down if they are keeping your luggage hostage, but be careful that they are not armed or are trying to rob you by other means than just driving away with your luggage.

"Per person" taxi charge

Taxi, tuk-tuk, or auto-rickshaw drivers will agree on a price. When you arrive at your destination, they may or may not tell you that the vehicle is a share vehicle, and they will tell you that the price quoted is per person. The tricky thing is that a per-person charge (or a flat rate plus a per person charge) is standard in some cities and countries, so it's important to research the destination beforehand and make sure you and the driver are both clear on what the price means before you start riding. If you know the driver is trying to scam you, you can almost always just give them the agreed-upon fare and walk away. Just make sure that you have the correct change before departing as in many places drivers are known to come up with any excuse it takes to charge you extra.

Food and beverage scams

From the barkeeper who charges full price for watered-down drinks to the restaurateurs who give themselves generous tips using their diner's payment cards, there are various schemes in which travellers are overcharged for food and beverage service.

Dual menus

A bar or restaurant gives you a menu with reasonable prices and takes it away with your order. Later they present a bill with much higher prices. If you argue, they produce a menu with those higher prices on it. This scam is known in Romunija and in bars in Kitajska among other places. The best way to avoid this is to stay out of sleazy tourist bars. Another option is to take a picture of the menu with your phone camera. If the restaurant argues, you can always tell them that you want to send it to your friends because they otherwise wouldn't believe the prices are so low. You can then proceed to take a picture of the food for your foodie-blog (which might come in handy if the items on your bill don't match the items you ordered or were served).

You could also try hanging on to your menu or paying when your drinks or food are delivered, preferably with the right change. Watch out for asking for a menu in English, as the prices on the menu are sometimes higher than the menu in the native language, although because of the difficulty of navigating a foreign-language menu and the likelihood that the price even with the foreigner surcharge is still pretty low, non-Mandarin-readers may want to write this off as a translation fee. Another variant is the venue which lists an absurdly-inflated price, then claims to offer a "discount for locals". In some places where there is a common parallel currency (usually US dollars or euros) there might be a menu with prices quoted both in local currency and the parallel currency. Prices in the local currency may be significantly lower, especially if there is high inflation, so know the up to date exchange rate. A general rule of thumb is: unless inflation is rampant you will be better off paying lower prices and using local money. In some rare cases "hard" currency may get you things that local money can't buy, but in some of those countries using foreign money or exchanging at the black market rate may be various shades of illegal.

A variation of this scam is ordering off the menu, where your waiter will offer you a "special" that is not shown on the menu. The meal will not be very special but will come with a price considerably higher than anything else on the menu. Also, touts and barkers might advertise low-price offers - or an attractive discount is prominently announced by signage outside the restaurant, but then the bill is calculated with normal prices. If an offer seems suspiciously cheap, read the fine print and once again: If it sounds too good to be true, it probably isn't.

Pane e coperto

Table at a restaurant in Italy

A restaurant indicates one price on the menu, but when the bill arrives there's an extra undisclosed cover charge. Restaurants in Italy, where cover charges are common, call them "pane e coperto", an extra charge for bread ("pane") and service ("coperto" or "servizio"). Cover charges are normal in some countries, but they should be disclosed up front. Otherwise, they're generally illegal (and some restaurateurs will try to slip this past by burying a one-line "service not included" in a lengthy menu); it also never hurts to check whether the restaurant is giving you a proper receipt for this extra money (and, presumably, paying the taxes on it). Often, a restaurant will attempt to slip extra charges onto the bill for visitors, but not for locals.

Unlisted cover charges

A fast-talking man (or attractive woman) standing outside a strip club will offer you free entry, complimentary drinks and/or lap dances to get you inside the club. They'll often speak very fluent English, are able to pick your accent, and be very convincing. Of course, they are good to their word with the free drinks and dances, but what they won't tell you (and what you won't know until you try to leave) is that there's a "membership fee" or "exit fee" of at least €100. There'll also be security waiting at the door for non-payers.

A variant of this is practiced in Bangkok, where touts with laminated menus offer sex shows and cheap beer. The beer may indeed be cheap, but they'll add a stiff surcharge for the show. Similarly in Brazilija, expect to pay an extra 'artistic couvert' if live music is playing. No-one will warn you of this because it's considered normal there. Ask how much it is before you get seated.

Clip joints

It's often a bad idea to listen to complete strangers, who out of the blue, are inviting you to a drink

You're approached by an attractive, well-dressed, local gentleman or woman, who suggests going for a drink in a favorite nightspot. When you arrive, the joint is nearly deserted, but as soon as you sit down some scantily clad girls plop down next to you and order a few bottles of champagne. Your "friend" disappears, the bill runs into hundreds or even thousands of dollars, and heavies block the door and flex their muscles until you pay up. A variant is the "B-girl" or bar girl scam, where organized crime recruits attractive women to go into legitimate bars, seek out rich men who display expensive shoes and watches and lure them into "after-hours clubs" which are not licensed (or not otherwise open to the public) and which charge thousands of dollars to the drunken victims' payment cards. Often, the victims are too intoxicated to remember exactly what happened.

This is particularly common in Europe's larger cities, including London, Istanbul in Budimpešta. Florida is problematic due to a state law which directs police to arbitrarily force victims to pay all disputed charges and then attempt to recover the money by filing a dispute with the credit card issuers—an uphill battle. The best defense is not to end up in this situation: avoid going to bars with people you just met, pick the bar yourself, or at least back out immediately if they want to go somewhere that is not packed with locals. In Istanbul this scam is also common with places packed with locals, where they scam the tourists, but not the locals, as it is a difficult and time consuming process to get the police to do anything. It is best to pay by credit card, so have one ready so that if you naredi end up in this situation, you can pay by credit card to get out and then cancel your card and dispute the bill immediately. While police in some jurisdictions are unlikely to be of much assistance, filing a report may make it easier to get the charges reversed.

A variety of this scam is extortionate tea ceremonies in Peking and other cities in Kitajska. You will be approached by women who speak very good English, spend 30 minutes in conversation with you and invite you to have tea with them. The tea house they take you to will be empty, and you will end up in a situation of having to pay a huge amount of money for a few cups of tea. This is incredibly easy to fall into, as the scammers are often willing to spend considerable time "chatting you up" before suggesting going for tea. The best way to avoid this would be to not engage in conversation in the first place. Failing that, refuse to go with them to have tea, or if you find yourself having been fooled as far into going to the tea house with them, insist on leaving as soon as you can (e.g. fake receiving an urgent phone call from your friend), and ask for the bill (as each different variety of tea you drink will doubtless add up to the final cost).

Lodging scams

Some hotels and motels may be unscrupulous. While independent establishments may be a higher risk (there is no franchiser to whom to complain), there are cases of individually owned franchises of large companies engaging in unscrupulous practices. More rarely, the chain itself is problematic or turns a blind eye to questionable hidden charges; in one 2014 incident, the US Federal Communications Commission fined Marriott International US$600,000 for unlawful, willful jamming of client-owned Wi-Fi networks in one of its convention centres.

Most hotels are honest, and you will not encounter these problems. These are the minority, but the customer should be watchful, and should be aware of what signs to look out for.

It is not uncommon for a guest to check into a hotel when they are tired after many hours of travel, or to check out when they are in a hurry to catch a plane or get to another destination. At these times, a customer is unlikely to argue and therefore more likely to be suggestible or to cave. Guests in the middle of a stay are also unlikely to argue about being cheated due to fear of retaliation from management.

Advance fee scams

You book a room in advance, presuming that you will pay for it on arrival. Soon after, an inquiry arrives - presumably from the hotel - asking that you pay in advance, usually by wire money transfer. You pay, you later show up to find that the hotel denies all knowledge of having requested the wire transfer and demands to be paid again, in full. A less extreme form is that even when you book the hotel in advance, the hotel may attempt to charge for more nights than originally agreed to. They may also insist on payment in cash.

Odds are the hotel or middleman has breached confidential data, either through deficient security or a dishonest worker, giving a scammer the opportunity to hit travellers up for money in advance, take the cash and run. The scammer, officially, does not represent the hotel and the hotel glibly denies that it was their (or their reseller's) negligence which compromised the data; the longer they deny everything, the lower the chance of their being sued. Not only are you out the money, but some scammer likely has your home-country address and info (maybe even the payment card used to make the initial reservation) and can steal from you knowing that you are abroad and unable to do anything about a theft from your home or your payment cards until you return.

In another variant, you see an attractive cottage for rent in an on-line advert, pay to reserve it in advance and then show up — luggage in hand — to see Papa Bear, Mama Bear and Baby Bear seated at their breakfast table wondering why some scammer on Kijiji just rented the cottage they're living in to Goldilocks (you, the unsuspecting traveller) in an advance fee scam. As the scammer placing the ads has no tie to the property, they conveniently are suddenly nowhere to be found and the money is gone. Somewhat more audacious scammers rent out nonexistent cottages, often next to such small roads that they don't show up on Google Street View. Once you're there, you'll find out that there's only wilderness where the cottage is supposed to be, and the photo of the cottage was copied from somewhere else.

Amenity fees

"Resort fees" are common in cities such as Las Vegas

It is the norm to receive amenities already in the room at the quoted rate, regardless of whether or not they are used. But some facilities have been known to charge customers additional fees for use of certain amenities, such as a refrigerator, microwave oven, coffeemaker, iron, or safe by surprise. Often WiFi access is advertised on the website, but its high fee is not mentioned. Some will charge if it has been used; others will charge even if it has not been used. In any case, this is a way to nickel-and-dime the customer. This should be clearly advertised before the reservation has been made; unfortunately, groups representing hoteliers (such as the American Hotel & Lodging Association) have lobbied governments aggressively to avoid a crackdown on so-called "resort fees".

Hoteliers are infamous for padding invoices with "incidentals", hidden charges for anything from telephone calls at inflated prices, to high charges for parking, to overpriced pay-per-view television programming to single servings of bottled water at a few dollars each. It is not unheard of for a hotel to charge high fees to call toll-free numbers or block services like "Canada Direct" that let you reach an operator in your home country; some even redirect the number to a competing provider who immediately asks for a credit card number. Some venues may illegally jam mobile telephone data connections to force you to use their overpriced services.

Services ordered from external vendors through the hotel desk, such as car rental, can be from less reputable vendors that overcharge the customer or practice bait-and-switch.

Claims of damage

At check-in, you are required to provide a credit card, and you sign a contract that you can be held accountable for any damages. You do not think anything of this. It seems like routine procedure anywhere. Toda že dolgo po odjavi ugotovite, da je hotel kartico močno zaračunal. Če želite to izpodbiti, se obrnete na izdajatelja kreditnih kartic, vendar hotel odgovori s posredovanjem slike domnevne škode in domnevnega računa izvajalca za popravilo. To bi lahko zlahka fiktivno izdelali z današnjimi tiskalniki, vendar izdajatelj kreditnih kartic to sprejema kot veljaven dokaz in stoji na strani hotela. Zaljubljeni ste, da povišate stroške in morebitne obresti, ki so nastale v obdobju spora.

Druga različica je, da hotelir obtoži potnike, da kradejo brisače ali druge drobne predmete; namesto da bi se obtožnica obrnila na obraz stranke, se strošek zgolj tiho doda na račun kreditne kartice. Ko ga potnik izpodbija, hotel odstopi ... le zato, da bi poskusil isto prevaro tudi proti nadaljnjim popotnikom.

Odtujitev premoženja

Zadnjo noč bivanja se vrnete v svoj motel, vendar ključ ne bo deloval. Pojdite v pisarno in dobili ste obvestilo, da ste plačali eno noč manj. Prav tako se vam pove, da je uprava pospravila sobo in odstranila vaše premoženje, ki ste ga pustili za seboj. Vodstvo je v resnici obdržalo vašo lastnino in načrtuje prodajo dragocenih, medtem ko ste jezni in nemočni.

Zgodnja deložacija

Plačali ste za dolgotrajno bivanje v hotelu, toda preden ste prenočili večino teh noči, vas vodstvo obvesti, da ste deložirani zaradi nekega manjšega prekrška, za katerega niste vedeli, da je bil narobe, niste pričakovali, da ga boste izvršili ali niste zavezati sploh. Toda vodstvo je odločno in vztraja, da morate oditi ali pa vdirate. Uprava noče vrniti preostalega dela vašega bivanja. Njihov trik je, da od vas pridobijo denar brez opravljanja storitev. Morda se lahko obrnete na organe pregona, če vam zavrnejo vračilo kupnine, vendar ti ne morejo pomagati. Pravno sredstvo je lahko plačilo ene noči naenkrat, razen če veste, da bivate v uglednem hotelu ali če je rezervirano kot del paketa pri uglednem podjetju.

Lažno spletno mesto za rezervacije

Spletna mesta za rezervacije so v današnjem času običajna metoda rezervacije hotelov. Splošno znana spletna mesta vključujejo hotels.com, Expedia in CheapTickets.

Toda druga manj znana spletna mesta bodo oglaševala iste hotele, po opravljeni rezervaciji pa vam bodo dala vse, kar se zdi normalno, vključno s številko za potrditev, in vam vzela denar. Toda ob prihodu vam bodo v objektu sporočili, da nimajo rezervacije in da s takim podjetjem ne poslujejo. Vaša rezervacija ne bo upoštevana in vaš denar bo izgubljen.

Da bi to preprečili, rezervirajte samo na spletnih mestih uglednih rezervacijskih podjetij - ali še bolje, preden se kar koli odločite, se obrnite neposredno na nastanitev. Spletni naslov podjetja za rezervacijo vnesite neposredno v naslovno vrstico brskalnika, namesto da sledite povezavi z drugega spletnega mesta, kjer lahko povezava vodi do neprijetnega spletnega mesta.

Pogoste rdeče zastave so, da še nikoli niste slišali za podjetje in cene nižje od uglednih rezervacijskih podjetij za isto nepremičnino, ki so predobre, da bi bile resnične. Kljub temu pa lahko celo velike družbe za rezervacijo (ki so vidne med rezultati iskanja po internetu) svoj položaj zlorabijo na subtilen, a škodljiv način. Tripadvisor rutinsko odstranjuje neposredne kontaktne podatke o nepremičnini iz mnenj, ki jih predložijo uporabniki; nekaj gostilničarjev poroča, da Expedia prikaže opis njihovega premoženja, vendar v gostilni ni prostora ali nezmožnosti določitve, ali je na voljo katera soba, če so te sobe res prazne. Spletna mesta za rezervacije, kot posrednik, vabijo in preusmerijo potovanje, tako da ne kontaktirajo nepremičnine ali pa uporabnika celo preusmerijo v drug hotel, ki jim je pripravljen plačati provizijo ali pristojbino za napotitve.

Druga varianta je skriti posrednik, pri katerem mislite, da ste stopili v stik s hotelom, v resnici pa se pogovarjate s preprodajalcem, ki si vzame provizijo. Na primer, 1-800-PRAZNIK (465-4329) je glavna hotelska veriga; 1-800-H0LIDAY (405-4329) ni hotelska veriga, ampak nepovezani prodajni posrednik. Ustvarjene rezervacije so resnične, bodisi v prvotnem hotelu bodisi pri neposrednem konkurentu, vendar pa se ukvarjanje s tiposkvaterjem, namesto da bi nekdo oglaševal posel na zakonite in običajne načine, morda ne bo dobilo najboljše razpoložljive cene, saj mora plačati še en posrednik.

Posrednik, ki se po prevzemu plačila, vendar preden plača hotelirju, pokvari, lahko tudi popotniku ustvari velik problem. V en tak incident, KanadaConquest Vacations je leta 2009 bankrotiral, kar je dejansko pustilo potnike Mehiški hoteli, ki so jih zasebniki varovali kot talce, dokler niso znova plačali sob po ceni tisoč dolarjev.

Omrežja za bivanje v domu

Mnogim se gostoljubnost zdi praktična oblika nastanitve, na primer na destinaciji na plaži

Internet je v letu 2007 spodbudil ogromno rast izmenjava gostoljubja in počitniške najemnine tako da lastnikom stanovanj omogočijo, da sorazmerno enostavno razvrstijo sobe ali celotna stanovanja v najem. Lahko so odličen prihranek denarja, če jih uporabljate previdno in pošteno, vendar obstajajo tveganja in pasti tako za potnika kot za lastnika stanovanja.

Glavna spletna mesta skušajo omejiti zlorabe, tako da uporabnikom omogočijo, da ocenijo svoje gostitelje (ali njihove goste) in plačila opravijo prek lastnega spletnega mesta platforme. Tem previdnostnim ukrepom se je mogoče izogniti z različnimi shemami.

Prevaranti pogosto ukradejo podatke za prijavo zakonitega uporabnika in spremenijo profil, da postane lasten, kar daje videz uveljavljenega uporabnika s pozitivnimi povratnimi informacijami. Nato navedejo dom za najem in se na poizvedbe odzovejo tako, da uporabnike usmerijo stran od prvotnega spletnega mesta na lažno spletno mesto (zato jih njihova e-poštna sporočila v odgovor na vaše vprašanje na airbnb.com pošljejo na airbnb.some-bogus-domain.com , ki je videti uradno, vendar vsebuje lažna zagotovila, da je vsako poslano bančno nakazilo "100% varno in zaščiteno"). Če plačate zunaj sistema, ki ga ponuja spletno mesto za resnično bivanje? Nič ni zaščiteno, prevarant ima vaš denar in ga ni več. Vso srečo pri iskanju, če je bila celotna transakcija izvedena z ukradeno identiteto nekoga drugega, vse do uporabe ukradenega plačilna kartica plačati za gostovanje lažne spletne strani.

Prevaranti vam ukradejo poverilnice spletnega mesta za bivanje na domu ali podatke o plačilnih karticah, se prijavijo na počitniške najeme, počakajo, da gostitelj ne bo več in naložijo celotno vsebino stanovanja v tovornjak - nikoli več ne bodo videli. Ali pa kraj uničijo in pustijo, da drugi plačajo škodo. Ali poskušajo voditi komercialno podjetje s kratkoročnimi nastanitvami, kot so mamila ali prostitucija. Ali pa trdijo, da so lastniki najetih prostorov in začnejo pobirati najemnino v prvih in zadnjih mesecih od potencialnih dolgoročnih najemnikov za stanovanje, ki ni njihovo za najem. Skupni imenovalec? Ko policija pride iskat slabe fante, so napačno usmerjeni tik pred vaš prag, ker prevaranti uporabljajo vašo identiteto.

Vse te prevare, od goljufije s predplačilom do kraje identitete do kraje gostiteljev v prehodni nastanitvi, niso nič novega. Internet je pravzaprav vse skupaj olajšal.

Višje stopnje drobnega tiska

Prenočišče bo z velikimi tiskanimi črkami oglaševalo nizko ceno. Toda večina se ne bo kvalificirala za to stopnjo. Lahko je na primer a višja stopnja na voljo samo ljudem, ki so starejši od določene starosti, ali pa so lahko rezervirani za ponavljajoče se goste ali druge osebe, ki spadajo v neko elitno skupino, ki jo določa obrat. Besede "na osebo, dvojna zasedenost", nataknjene na drobni tisk, pomenijo, da je dejanska cena ene sobe dvakrat večja kot v reklamni kopiji velikega tiska. Realno obrestno mero, ki jo morate plačati, najdete v drobnem tisku šele, ko se poglobite v literaturo. Kljub temu popotniki, ki samo potrebujejo a kraj za bivanje bo jama.

Druga varianta je, da si enota sama podeli a napitnina ali napitnina tako, da ga brez vašega soglasja tiho dodate na svoj račun. Restavracije so zloglasne, če to počnejo velikim skupinam, vendar je zakonitost vprašljiva, če se za plačilo ne dogovorite vnaprej. Poleg tega davčna zakonodaja vsako "obvezno napitnino" dejansko šteje za del osnovne cene, zaradi katere bi hotelec ali restavrator moral plačati davek od dohodka in prodaje tega denarja.

Prisilna nadgradnja

Hotel ali motel mesto ometa z reklamnimi panoji, ki oglašujejo "sobe od 40 dolarjev" ali umetno nizko ceno za ta trg. Motel ima eno (ali zelo malo) sob po tej ceni ali pa je na voljo le ob sredah zvečer v zimskem času. Ko je to prosto mesto zasedeno, je vse drugo dražje, podobno kot ima dvonadstropni avtobus od Montreala do Toronta ob strani z velikimi črkami naslikano "1 USD plus 56 centov provizije za rezervacijo", a le redki dejansko dobijo to stopnjo, če avtobusno podjetje še vedno posluje.

Hotel lahko rezervirate tudi po nizki ceni, ki jo najdete na spletu ali v turističnem vodiču; ob prihodu vam povedo, da soba ni na voljo in morate plačati več za sobo z višjimi cenami, če želite bivati. Prepustite se izbiri, ali boste plačali za to dražjo sobo ali pa si poiskali drugo prenočišče, kar je lahko težko, če se nahajate v neznanem kraju.

Bolj prefinjena vaba in preklop je, da trdijo, da soba, ki jo je potnik zahteval, še ni očiščena ali pripravljena, nato pa ponudite, da jih prestavite v drug razred sobe po veliko višji ceni kot obliko nadgradnje. Popotnik, ki odpove dodatnim stroškom, še posebej, če je prišel zgodaj, ostane ure in ure čaka na želeno sobo.

Prtljaga ali dokumenti kot talci

Voznik zabeleži valuto, poročne prstane ali druge dragocenosti, ki manjkajo v sobnem sefu, in se pritoži vodstvu. Letovišče opravi "preiskavo", v kateri preiščejo žrtvine stvari (manjkajočih predmetov tam predvidljivo ne najdejo) in jim nato naročijo, naj pustijo vse v sobi, vključno s potnimi listi. Stranko premestijo v drugi del letovišča, nato pa obtožijo izmišljevanja prvotne ovadbe o kraji in ji povedo, da se lahko vrnejo v sobo po svoje stvari le, če umaknejo prvotno prijavo kraje.

Zavrnitev vračila kupnine

Prijavite se v hotel nizke kakovosti in ugotovite, da niste zadovoljni s pogoji, kot bi bil kdo. Takoj se vrnete v pisarno in zahtevate vračilo kupnine. Toda uprava vam zavrne vračilo denarja in vam da možnost, da ostanete tam in ga olajšate, ali pa zapustite in izgubite svoj denar.

V številnih državah se to šteje za običajno prakso in ne za prevaro, zlasti v zvezi z vstopom (brez rezervacije) gostov. Vedno prosite za ogled sobe, preden se odločite, ali boste ostali v hotelu. Veliko slabih motelov vodi gladke oglase ali spletna mesta, ki imajo zastarel ali zelo skrbno selektiven pogled na nepremičnino. Verjetneje boste tudi dobili lepšo sobo, če najprej preverite.

Upravljanje ugleda

Ocene niso vedno zanesljive

Spletni pregledi so za potnika neprecenljivi; razdraženi ocenjevalci bodo hotel z vrsto nezadovoljnih popotnikov izpostavili že veliko prej, preden bodo domačini na destinaciji (ki ne ostanejo v hotelu) opazili, da je novi lastnik nekoč ugledno prizorišče spremenil v nočno moro prehodnega gosta. Žal je tako kot vsako močno orodje tudi spletno mesto za pregled nagnjeno k manipulacijam in zlorabam.

Na primer, hotel spušča standarde čistoče; razdraženi popotnik objavi oster pregled "Enkrat sem ostal na tem smetišču in zaradi tega sem hudo zbolel. Nikoli več! Podpisano, A. Ščurek" in gostilničarja takoj prijavi na lokalno zdravstveno službo. Krčmar, ki vidi negativne ocene, ki škodijo podjetjem, sam skoči na spletno mesto, kjer oceni hotel s petimi zvezdicami, in pusti omalovažujoče ocene za rivalske hotele in rekrutira prijatelje ali družino - ali pošilja pošiljatelje neželene pošte, da objavijo lažne ocene. Če spletno mesto sprejema plačljive oglase iz pregledovanih hotelov, hotelir ponudi nakup oglasa, če negativni pregled izgine ali grozi, da bo preklical obstoječe oglaševanje, če bodo pritožbe ostale na spletu. Ko to ne uspe, lahko pismo od las, toda uradnega videza, v katerem grozi, da bo gostilničar "lahko razmislil o pravdnem postopku zaradi obrekovanja", navadno kupimo pri odvetnikih, ki se zanemarjajo in vprašajo, ali je zdravstveni inšpektor v šokiranem gnusu pravzaprav zapustil hotel. Čeprav se groženjske tožbe običajno nikoli ne uresničijo, se ponudniki internetnih storitev pogosto oddaljijo od teh zahtev (odstranijo zakonite, dragocene informacije), da bi se izognili dragim honorarjem za zagovornike, da bi odgovorili na lažne zahtevke - strošek, ki globoko zaide v njihov dobiček.

Nasprotno pa bi slaba stranka lahko (in občasno tudi) zlorabila sicer dober sistem, da bi škodovala brezhibnemu gostilničarju. Stranka se prijavi, povabi dvajset pijanih prijateljev na zabavo v hotelsko sobo; sosednji gostje se pritožujejo krčmarju, ki pijane veseljake izvrže ali to prosi policista. Naslednji dan gostilničar najde strašljivo negativen, pijan spletni pregled, kaj so drugi popotniki sprejeli kot lep, miren hotel. Ni presenečenje, toda komu bo naslednji voznik, ki bere to mešano oceno kritik, verjel?

Ocenjuje se, da je 1-16% mnenj ponarejenih; Nacionalni regulatorji so le omejeno posegli proti najhujšim plačanim pregledovalcem - ki upravljajo na tisoče uporabniških računov sockpuppet. Avtomatizirana orodja za odstranjevanje mnenj s spletnih mest, kot je Yelp, pogosto odstranijo veljavne komentarje kot dodatno škodo. Mesta za ocenjevanje so v najboljšem primeru v neločljivem nasprotju interesov; težko je opozoriti na zločine proti potnikom, medtem ko se kot poslovni model zanašamo na oglaševanje ali prodajo potovanj. Leta 2017 je Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel že leta 2010 vodil prekleto razkritje informacij o spolnih napadih, ki so na TripAdvisorju izginili; ameriška zvezna komisija za trgovino na kratko izrazil ogorčenje vendar na koncu katera koli glavna platforma odgovarja samo svojim lastnikom.

V nekaj primerih gostilničarji v drobni tisk vstavijo pogoje, češ da se potnik "strinja", da plača napihnjeno kazen, če (ali za poročne zabave kdo v skupini) pusti negativno oceno. Ko so te prakse izpostavljene, običajno več škodijo ugledu hotela.

Zgodnji prihodi ali prihodi brez rezervacije

Če pridete zelo zgodaj zjutraj, npr. 02:00, v vašem hotelu je čas za prijavo opoldne, zato se odločite, da boste nekaj storili do poldneva, ali pa vam hotel za to noč najame zelo drago sobo. Če pridete ob dveh zjutraj, si morate rezervirati sobo za noč prej, tako da vas ne bodo mogli poskušati nadgraditi in vam zaračunati za zgodnji jutranji prihod.

Gostu brez rezervacije je nagnjena tudi k zaračunavanju napihnjene cene (podobno kot tovarne navajajo napihnjeno predlagano maloprodajno ceno za blago, od katere se trgovci na drobno "markirajo" na dejansko ceno), ob predpostavki, da lahko gre do 15% provizije potovalnih agentov ali posredniki. Nato trdijo, da ponujajo 10-odstotni popust za spletne rezervacije ali za člane avtomobilskih združenj, upokojencev ali podjetnikov ali dolg seznam skupin - tako da napihnjeno maloprodajno ceno proizvajalca plača le nekaj nesrečnih. Če imate mobilni telefon Internet naprave s seboj, preverite, ali je cena, ki jo navedete na recepciji, dejansko višja od cene na spletni strani gostilne - morda vas čaka nalepka.

V nekaterih jurisdikcijah uredba hotelom zahteva, da v sobi, v provincialnem / državnem turističnem vodiču ali na vidnem mestu objavijo standardni nabor stopenj stojanj in je (z redkimi izjemami) zakonsko prepovedano zaračunavati več od te objavljene cene - čeprav lahko zaračunajo manj.

Voda ni varna za pitje

Številni hoteli v tujih državah, ki jih zahodnjaki pogosto obiščejo, bodo v sobah pustili table, na katerih piše, da voda ni varna za pitje in da je treba pitno vodo kupiti na recepciji ali v mini baru, pogosto za visoke cene. V mnogih od teh držav je voda popolnoma varna za uživanje obiskovalcev in hotel vam bo to povedal, da vam bo prodal ustekleničeno vodo. V nekaterih primerih vam bodo dali steklenice za vodo, kar pomeni, da so brezplačne, nato pa jo kasneje dodajte kot skrito polnjenje. Da boste na varnem, kupujte ustekleničeno vodo v supermarketih. Če želite vedeti, ali je vodo iz pipe nekje varno piti, opravite lastno neodvisno raziskavo in se ne zanašajte na to, da vam bo hotel posredoval te informacije. Splošne informacije o vodi v več državah so na voljo v članku Wikivoyage about vode kot tudi oddelek s pijačami za posamezne države ali regije.

Prevare pri zaposlovanju in dobrodelnosti

Delo v tujini, vključevanje v prostovoljno potovanje ali morda poučevanje angleščine v nekaterih oddaljenih deželah je lahko koristen način za doživljanje druge kulture. A bodite previdni, saj je polje polno nekaj naravnost prevar, razširjenih izkoriščevalskih razmer in številnih pasti. Za potnike, ki so oškodovani med delom v tujini, je malo razpoložljivih virov.

Nekatere ponudbe so zgolj prevare s predplačilom ali obstajajo samo za zbiranje vaših podatkov za krajo identitete. Domnevni bodoči delodajalec hoče na tisoče dolarjev za vizume, prevoz, odvetnike, usposabljanje, uniforme, komercialno blago za nadaljnjo prodajo ali kateri koli od številnih predmetov, preden lahko začnete z delom ... toda, ko prispete, obljubljeno delo ni ni tako oglaševano (ali sploh ne obstaja) in vašega denarja ni več. Različica je "denarna mazga", ki nima denarja za stroške, potem ko delodajalec plača z ukradenim denarjem, premoženjsko koristjo, ponarejenimi čeki ali položnicami - ali pa plačilo ne odplača banke.

Nekatere ponudbe so preprosto ponarejene; ime je videti uradno, vendar se izkaže, da se predstavlja kot drugo podjetje, naslovi so e-poštni naslovi do neke brezplačne storitve ali polni naslovi do tistega, za kar se izkaže, da je škatla ali agencija za sprejem komercialne pošte. Vsakdo lahko ustvari prepričljivo spletno mesto za neobstoječe podjetje.

Da bi se izognili tem prevaram, opravite svoje raziskave preden sprejmete službo, vložite denar ali delite občutljive podatke. Prosite za pogovor s trenutnimi zaposlenimi in poiščite podjetje na spletu - če ne najdete tujih virov, ki bi kazali, da je ugleden, se izogibajte. Najbolje je, da seznam zaposlitev najdete pri viru, ki preveri podjetja, ki jim dovoljuje oglaševanje.

Poleg neposrednih prevar nekateri delodajalci zlorabljajo vizumski sistem ali delovno zakonodajo, da bi potnikom postavili pogoje, ki jih lokalni delavci nikoli ne bi prenašali. Lahko izkoristijo delovne vizume, ki so vezani na enega delodajalca, pozabijo omeniti, da so stroški bivanja ali drugi stroški na destinaciji pretirani, obljubljajo primerno plačo na uro, vendar ti ne dajo dovolj uporabnih ur za plačilo stroškov. , držite potni list ali druge dokumente kot talce ali vas prosite za nezakonito delo po napačnem vizumu. Dolge ure, nizke plače (ali popolna kraja plač), bivanje delavcev v predragih in podstandardnih bivališčih, nevarni delovni pogoji, morda celo fizično ali spolno nadlegovanje lahko trajajo nekaznovano, saj je delavec, ki se pritoži, preprosto deportiran, ko delodajalec prekliče vizum . V najslabših primerih so nekatere sheme zaposlitve vaba in preklop ali celo trgovina z ljudmi sheme, v katerih se žrtvi ponudi služba v restavraciji ali hotelu v tujini, le da bi ugotovili, da razpisano delovno mesto ne obstaja, so naborniki del tolpe organiziranega kriminala in bodoči tuji delavec prisiljen v prostitucijo ali druge oblike suženjstva.

Celoten seznam pasti presega obseg tega članka; glej Delo v tujini za več informacij in v primeru dvoma poiščite specializiran nasvet, preden se odločite za potovanje v tujino na delo ali prostovoljno delo.

Prevare z zmenki

Ta oddelek za žrtev uporablja "on", za prevaranta pa "ona", saj popotniki najverjetneje vidijo, da se takšne prevare uporabljajo proti tujcem, ki zasledujejo ženske v državah z nizkimi dohodki, vendar so prevare možne za katero koli kombinacijo spola in na kateri koli lokaciji. Nekatere prevare z zmenki so kritje za prostitucijo ali celo trgovino z ljudmi; poleg tveganj finančne izgube lahko tujca, ki se v to vplete, čakajo tudi stroge zakonske kazni.

Osnovno pravilo, dobro proti večini prevar, je če se sliši preveč dobro, da bi bilo res, verjetno ni resnično.

Eden od primerov je vroče mlado dekle, ki se zdi izjemno zainteresirano za veliko starejšega moškega. To je lahko resnično, saj nekatera dekleta iz različnih razlogov raje imajo starejše moške; še posebej v državah z nizkimi dohodki si poštene ženske morda želijo bogatega moža ali sladkornega očka in morda mislijo, da je starejši moški boljša možnost. Po drugi strani je to običajna nastavitev nekaterih spodaj omenjenih prevar, in če je res mlada, vas lahko pripravi tudi za izsiljevanje.

Na spletu

Primer potnega lista, ki ga uporabljajo prevaranti z ljubeznijo. Če vam vaša spletna ljubezen predstavlja tovrstno očitno ponarejene dokumente, bi morali biti zaskrbljeni

Popotniki pogosto uporabljajo spletne strani za zmenke, da bi se srečali z domačini ne glede na spol, starostno skupino in vrsto, ki jih zanima. To je lahko zelo koristno delo; večina ljudi na takih straneh je pristnih, nekateri pa so res zelo prijazni. Vendar obstajajo tudi prevaranti različnih vrst.

Osnovno pravilo je ne zaupajte temu, kar vidite na spletu; dejansko ne veste, dokler osebe ne spoznate. Na fotografiji je lahko izredno vroč človek, spletni pogovor pa lahko nakazuje, da je zelo zanimiva in vas precej zanima. Vendar niti fotografija niti pogovor nista nujno pristna; saj veste, da "ona" uporablja fotografijo nekoga drugega, vaš pogovorni partner pa ni vročica, ki jo vidite, ampak profesionalni prevarant, ki je zaposlen z nami in še desetimi in bi lahko bil katere koli starosti in spola.

Med prevare, do katerih lahko pride, so:

• Rada bi vas spoznala, vendar je v drugem mestu; ji lahko pošljete vozovnico?

Seveda nimate zagotovila, da ne bo kar tako vzela denarja.

• Ima nekaj zapletenih zgodb o jecanju - izgubila je službo in ne more plačevati najemnine, babica je bolna, ... Ali lahko pomagaš, draga?

Tu velja pravilo ne pošiljajte denarja nekomu, ki ga v resnici ne poznate.

Drugo pravilo je ne razkrivajo preveč. Recimo, da ste dali svojemu ID-ju spletnega video klepeta. Potem predlaga nekaj seksi igre na spletni kameri. Po tem ima video, na katerem ste popolnoma goli in / ali samozadovoljujete; grozi, da jo bo poslala vsem vašim prijateljem na Facebooku, razen če plačate znatno vsoto. O tem pogosto poročajo zahodni moški, ki uporabljajo spletna mesta za zmenke v jugovzhodni Aziji. Še posebej zahrbtna različica iste prevare se začne s prošnjo "pokaži mi svoje joške" najstnici, ki jo nato poskuša izsiljevati; to se je v nekaterih primerih končalo s samomorom.

Osebno

Bodite pozorni, če vas nenadoma neznanci iščejo zvezo.

V nekaj prevarah oseba obstaja in je dejansko pripravljena na srečanje in v nekaterih primerih pride v posteljo, vendar njeno zanimanje za vas vodi le denar. Morda so celo že poročeni ... z drugo.

Ena od različic je "pro-dater"; obstaja in želi zmenek z vami v svoji državi, vendar bo potrebovala prevajalca za en dan (ki ga plačate), taksi in voznika za ta dan (ki ga plačate), zelo drage večerje v nejasnih restavracijah, niso tam, kjer domačini kosijo (kar plačate), drag nakit, elektroniko ali nakit (ki jih obvezno plačate) in seznam se nadaljuje. Prodajalci teh izdelkov so vključeni v shemo in obstajajo različni povratni udarci; nakit se vrne v trgovino takoj, ko odidete. Pride naslednji bogati tujec in cikel se začne na novo.

Dekle lahko reče tudi nekaj takega: "Moja prijateljica še nikoli ni imela tujca in je radovedna. Bi jo rada tudi ona?". Za nekatere moške je to skoraj neustavljivo, vendar je morda namestitev za izsiljevanje, če vas eden fotografira z drugim, ali pa je načrt, da vas eno dekle spravi iz oblačil in vas zasede, medtem ko drugi gre skozi svoje žepe.

Tudi preprost zmenek večerje se lahko hudo pokvari; v eni prevari "kosilo in zajtrk" osamljeni moški povabi partnerja na večerjo, nadaljuje z naročanjem najdražjih predmetov v meniju, nato pa trdi, da mora telefonirati ali iz svojega vozila nekaj pridobiti. Nikoli se ne vrne, svoj nič hudega "zmenek" restavratorju pusti za oba obroka.

Druga varianta je "sanky-panky", lokalni moški, ki poskuša zapeljati domnevno bogato popotnico s plenom na čustveno ali romantično ranljivost. Izraz se uporablja predvsem v karibski regiji, pojav pa je pogost tudi drugod. Dama s prekomerno telesno težo ali več kot 40 let je pogosto videti kot lahka tarča. Namesto da bi goljuf naravnost zaprosil za denar, ustvari psevdo-zvezo, ki jo lahko nadaljuje, ko se gost vrne domov. Prosijo za denarna nakazila z izpopolnjenimi zgodbami o potrebah ali zahtevajo zakonski vizum v domovino turista; ko enkrat dobijo, kar hočejo, se premožni tujec spusti.

Ker ti operaterji večkrat izvajajo isto prevaro na več tujih obiskovalcih in imajo lahko tudi druge ljubimce, je tveganje za kakršno koli nevarno spolno razmerje v tem kontekstu veliko.

Povezave prevare

Poglej tudi: Komunikacija, Dostop do interneta # Varnostna vprašanja

Številni vdori / prevare so mogoči proti prenosnim računalnikom popotnikov ali mobilnim telefonom, zlasti pametnim telefonom. Najenostavnejša grožnja je, da lahko napadalci ukradejo dostop do vaše banke / podatke o kartici in izpraznijo vaš račun.

Obstajajo tudi druge grožnje: napadalci lahko zasežejo podatke o stiku in morda gesla za uporabo pri prevarah s krajo identitete, podatki o kreditnih karticah jim lahko omogočijo velike račune na vašem računu, poslovne podatke lahko ukradejo, nekatere vrste osebnih podatkov lahko uporabijo v izsiljevanju , nekatere vlade pa ga lahko uporabljajo za nadzor.

Pred potovanjem, prilagodite napravo; posodobite operacijski sistem, aplikacije in protivirusne programe, da blokirate čim več groženj. To sicer ne daje popolne zaščite, vendar bo blokiralo številne najpogostejše vdore. Razmislite tudi o temeljitem čiščenju svojih strojev in se znebite nebistvenih ali zaupnih podatkov.

Za potovanja z visokim tveganjem razmislite o prenosnem računalniku in / ali "gorilniku" samo za potovanje, na katerem ni nobenih dragocenih osebnih podatkov.

Wifi

... in včasih je morda bolje, da ni na voljo Wi-Fi.

Poleg vladnega nadzora in blokiranih strani (vključno s Wikipedijo, vendar le redko Wikivoyage) so glavne grožnje povezavam WiFi naslednje:

• Zastarela varnost Wi-Fi. Izvirni varnostni standard Wi-Fi WEP je grozno pomanjkljiv in mu nikoli ne bi smeli zaupati; pozneje WPA bo ustavil večino amaterskih napadalcev, vendar ga strokovnjaki zlahka zlomijo. WPA-2 uporablja boljšo kriptografijo in je najboljši od tega nezanesljivega sklopa; akademski članki so pokazali ranljivosti pri nekaterih izvedbah, vendar je to primerno, če vas ne skrbijo res strašljivi napadalci, kot sta kitajska vlada ali ameriška NSA. Varnejši standard, WPA-3, je bil objavljen sredi leta 2018, vendar še ni na voljo v večini naprav in dostopnih točk.
• Napadi z dostopne točke Wi-Fi. Če je omrežje ogroženo, šifriranje brezžične povezave ne doseže ničesar, saj lahko napadalec po dešifriranju prebere vse. Nekatere brezplačne brezžične povezave na letališčih, v hotelskih recepcijah in kavarnah so lahko nadzorovane. Korporativna omrežja so problematična, saj številna velika podjetja že manipulirajo z omrežjem, da bi si ogledala lastne zaposlene.
• Zunanje vmešavanje v omrežja v lasti odjemalca. Pametni telefoni lahko podpira "privezovanje" naprave Wi-Fi na mobilno internetno povezavo prenosne enote. Ta Wi-Fi mora biti zaščiten kot kateri koli drug, da ne bi kdo prestregel podatke v tranzitu ali ukradel vašo povezavo za lastno uporabo, nekateri hotelirji pa ne smejo namerno posegati v mobilni Wi-Fi, da bi prisilili obiskovalce kongresa, da uporabljajo hotelske lastne predrage storitve.
• Odprite strežnike ali omrežne skupne rabe. Prenosnik, konfiguriran za uporabo v vašem zaupanja vrednem domačem ali majhnem podjetju, ima lahko trde diske ali druge vire v skupni rabi z drugimi uporabniki istega lokalnega omrežja. Če se povezujete z javnim omrežjem, žičnim ali brezžičnim, izklopite te storitve (Windows 7 in njegovi nasledniki bodo v nastavitvah povezave prikazali ikono parkirne klopi, če želite to narediti), ali pa je vaš računalnik morda odprt za celotno kavarno ali hotel .
• Lažna omrežja Wi-Fi. Nekateri hekerji vzpostavijo lastno lažno mrežo v hotelih in na letališčih, da bi ukradli informacije; to taktiko so ekstremisti uporabili tudi za postavitev lažnih dostopnih točk Wi-Fi zunaj zdravstvenih klinik za predvajanje propagande proti splavu. Prevaranti svoja omrežja Wi-Fi pogosto imenujejo podobno kot resnična; pri lastniku prizorišča preverite, katero omrežje Wi-Fi je zakonito.

Kateri koli napad "človek na sredini" lahko deluje tudi proti žične povezave. Če se priključite na hotelsko omrežje, vas lahko nadzira kdorkoli nadzoruje to omrežje. Na nekaterih dostopnih točkah je lahko vse, kar pošlje nekodiran uporabnik, vidno drugim računalnikom v istem lokalnem omrežju (obstaja neskladen način pri mreženju, ki je še tako tvegano, kot se sliši).

Če je zlonamerni igralec dobesedno med vami in strežnikom, ki ga želite doseči, bo morda lahko manipuliral z nešifriranimi (spletnimi povezavami http:) za cenzuriranje ali spreminjanje vsebine, vbrizgavanje neželenega oglaševanja ali nadomeščanje zakonitih prenosljivih aplikacij z zlonamerno programsko opremo, ki je podobna drugemu. , vohunska ali odkupna programska oprema.

Protiukrep je uporaba šifriranega prometa in identifikacija druge končne točke s kriptološkimi potrdili. To se naredi z VPN, https in ssh. Programi ne morejo vsiliti povezave do predvidene končne točke, ko vas nekdo usmeri nekam drugam, lahko pa vas opozorijo, ko ne morejo vzpostaviti varne povezave. Če dobite takšna opozorila, domnevajte, da nekdo manipulira s povezavo, in ne posegajte po tem, da ji zaupate ali uporabite nezavarovane alternative (na primer navaden http). Poskrbite tudi, da se ne pogovarjate samo s certificiranim gostiteljem, ampak tudi s pravim gostiteljem.

Računalniki za javno uporabo

Tudi če zaupate upravljavcu stroja, lahko zlonamerni gost poveže keylogger, ko ga nihče ne išče.

V bistvu obstaja brez obrambe pred napadalcem, ki nadzoruje stroj na katerem delate ali tistega, s katerim se povežete. Če uporabljate stroj v internetni kavarni, vas lahko nadzira bodisi ta stroj bodisi omrežje. Znano je, da brezvestni operaterji internetnih kavarn kradejo poverilnice, ko stranke opravljajo internetno bančništvo ali kupujejo s kreditnimi karticami na svojih avtomatih. Zapisovalniki ključev ali druga zlonamerna programska oprema na lokalnem računalniku vam lahko ukrade poverilnice in prevare z lažnim predstavljanjem vas bodo poskušale zvabiti, da se povežete z lažnimi spletnimi mesti, ki so videti skoraj povsem tako kot resnična stvar.

Kot pri katerem koli drugem odprtem računalniku na javnem mestu lahko tudi vsak, ki se sprehaja, vidi vse, kar preberete ali vtipkate.

Obstaja tudi tveganje, da v zgodovini brskalnika, začasnih datotek ali česar koli, kar ostane na trdem disku, ostanejo občutljivi podatki. Številni računalniki v javni knjižnici so posebej konfigurirani s programsko opremo, ki zavrže vse in na koncu vsake seje znova zažene celoten računalnik, vendar nespremenjena namestitev večine namiznih operacijskih sistemov za potrošnike ne vključuje tega varovala. If the last user downloaded malware, you get malware.

The same considerations apply to rental devices or second-hand devices on which anything has been left behind by a previous owner.

Protecting the connection with https does no good at all if the attacker is on the machine.

Secure HTTP

Using encrypted connections (https instead of plain http for the web) will block most man-in-the-middle attacks from a firewall or access point. Most common browsers show a green padlock icon to indicate that https: is in use; some show "not secure" if it is missing. The original protocol that introduced the feature was SSL; newer versions use TLS. The current standard, as of mid-2016 is TLS 1.2; older versions of SSL or TLS should be disabled in the browser to protect against downgrade attacks.

Any legitimate, secure banking or e-commerce sites will use TLS for sensitive information, as will almost any web site where you need to login to access personal information. Web email providers normally use this encryption for the entire session, so that everything passing between the browser and server is encrypted; this blocks any snoop between the two, such as a subverted WiFi access point or China's Great Firewall.

You should quickly run away from any site that does not implement these basic precautions.

EFF (an electronic civil rights group) offers HTTPS Everywhere, an extension to Chrome, Opera or Firefox browsers which makes them try secure HTTP first on every site. Verjetno, everyone should install this and users with browsers that do not support it should install another browser.

Even with https: there are vulnerabilities.

• The protocol relies on X.509 certificates to identify the server; a typical browser trusts over a hundred certificate authorities or CA's, some of which will happily sell certs to anyone with cash while others are controlled by untrustworthy governments. Bogus certificates can be used to bypass security; this was done by some governments during the Arab Spring troubles and is routinely used by companies to monitor employees.
• The protocol only verifies the integrity of the connection; it does not verify the integrity of the vendor, your local machine or anything else. It's trivial to register a name 'one character off' from a well-known site (so "wíkipedia.org" instead of "wikipedia.org") with a certificate for that name. Obtaining a secure https: connection to "relox-watches.com" does nothing to verify Relox's reliability as a vendor nor the accuracy of their timepieces.

Virtual private networks

An easy solution to using unencrypted/poorly encrypted sites is a Virtual Private Network (VPN). All data gets sent through a secure "tunnel" directly to the VPN provider; upon arrival at their servers, it's forwarded on to the rest of the Internet. This protects against Man In The Middle (MITM) attacks, where an attacker could "grab" unencrypted data packets.

VPNs may offer some defence if you're using your own machine and your VPN provider is reliable; it can also disguise your geographic location. VPN is highly recommended for use in public locations like airports, hotels, and libraries; it's indispensable to the business traveller accessing the home company's network while on the road.

Sadly, VPN access may not always be possible; firewalls and filters may be set up to block traffic destined for known VPN servers (source and destination information must remain unencrypted for routing purposes) in order to prevent traffic bypassing them, and some public Wi-Fi hotspots block everything except a plain web server connection. Some oppressive régimes (such as communist Kitajska) are attempting to keep VPNs out of the hands of Internet users to curb free speech.

Pametni telefoni

Everything above about Wi-Fi connections applies to phones which use those. There are also a number of phone-specific attacks, discussed here.

• Cell phones are inherently usable as sledenje devices. Some have GPS which gives precise positioning, and even without that an approximate position can be calculated from data about which cell towers they can see. Both snoopy governments and companies like Apple have been accused of misusing such data.
• Bogus mobile base stations for intercepting phone calls, often known as "Stingrays" (after one common manufacturer's brand), are widely deployed by American and likely other police forces. In a country like China, they may be unnecessary since the government can just access the real cell towers at will.
• In most cases, phone encryption cannot be trusted if you need real privacy. Some of the encryption methods used (especially in older standards like the original GSM) are deliberately weak and the encryption is generally not end-to-end; only part of the connection, such as handset to cell tower, is encoded.
• The use of mobile SMS text messaging as a recovery mechanism for lost passwords is not secure. On most online services, there's somewhere to claim "I lost my password" to regain access to an account; this may include a series of obvious questions like mother's maiden name (which many make public on social media), this may be an e-mail with a "change password" link (so a scammer who breaks into your webmail can use it to gain access to everything else), this may be an automated SMS message with a random numeric code. If someone steals your handset, even if it's locked, they can pull the SIM and place it into any unlocked handset to gain control of your mobile number; alternately, they impersonate you to your mobile carrier for long enough to have their employee move your number to another phone. Your handset goes dead (as if you'd cancelled your subscription) and they now have your number for use to impersonate you and request "lost password" access to all of your other accounts.

A USB Condom

• A more primitive attack uses a USB charging point; if the phone is set to expose its memory over USB – as many phones are for convenient transfers to a computer – then the charging device can read all of your stored information and maliciously write to the device, deleting information, adding incriminating contacts and images or even installing spyware. "USB Condoms" are sold online; these small adapters simply terminate the data pins on the USB bus, allowing only power to flow. Another option is to bring or buy a simple charger for use on local moč instead of plugging into unknown or dodgy computers to recharge devices.

Signalling System 7 (SS7), the underlying protocol behind the network, has known weaknesses; a snoop with access to other parts of the phone network certainly can wiretap you. Edward Snowden revealed widespread US surveillance that was horrifying enough, but more authoritarian governments are almost certainly much worse. There are companies like Silent Circle who offer credible secure phones using strong end-to-end encryption, but of course these are premium priced.

Voice communications

Poglej tudi: telephone service

If you use the landline in your hotel room, odds are that the hotel has a list of every call you make – in or out. The connection is just as vulnerable to man-in-the-middle attacks or wiretaps as any other unencrypted communication.

However, the greater risk is that you will simply be overcharged; glej #Amenity fees, above. The same issue exists with mobile telephones and inflated roaming fees. Off-brand payphones (COCOTs, client-owned coin-operated telephones) can also be problematic, depending on the provider. Some do offer a legit and valuable cost savings over their incumbent rivals, but others may severely overcharge you on card-paid calls.

If you are using prepaid cards or telephone company "calling cards", there is a risk that anyone who can obtain your card number can make their own calls on your dime. While some of these cards provide good value for money, many carry absurdly-high costs or hidden fees so check the fine print before you buy.

Poglej tudi

• Zločin in tatvina
• Authority trouble