Bolgarija - Bulgaria

Bolgarija, uradno Republika Bolgarija (Bolgarščina: Република България), je država na območju Balkanuzahodno od Črnega morja. Bolgarija se ponaša s čudovitimi plažami ob morju, čudovitimi cerkvami in priložnostmi za zimske športe v svojih gorah ter edinstveno kombinacijo arhitekturnih stilov v vsakem od svojih mest. Kljub temu, da ni velika država (približno velikosti Kuba, Portugalska ali država Virginia), Bolgarija ponuja široko raznolikost pokrajin, od katerih ima vsaka svojo edinstveno lepoto. Zaradi vsega tega je v državi veliko turističnih priložnosti.

Regije

Mesta

• 42.6975123.324151 Sofija (Со́фия, So'fija) - Glavno in največje mesto v Bolgariji, ki ima lepo mestno jedro z renesančnimi in sodobnimi vplivi, številne parke, vključno z narodnim parkom "Vitosha" (ki je le nekaj minut oddaljen od središča mesta), dobro nočno življenje, več kot 250 zgodovinskih znamenitosti in arhitekturnimi spomeniki ter številnimi kulturnimi kraji. Je eno najstarejših mest v Evropi.
• 42.527.4666666666672 Burgas (Бургас) - Mesto je sicer znano po trgovskem pristanišču (pristanišče Burgas) in rafineriji nafte. Ima slikovito obalo, bližnje središče mesta in bogate nakupovalne površine, zaradi katerih je priljubljeno med turisti. V mestu se odvija priljubljeni glasbeni festival "Spirit of Burgas".
• 42.87111111111125.3153 Gabrovo (Габрово) - Priljubljena turistična destinacija v bližini geografskega središča države, ki omogoča hiter dostop do drugih mest, kot je Veliko Tarnovo in Kazanlak, kot tudi Balkanske gore in smučišče Uzana. Arhitekturno-etnografsko letovišče Etar se nahaja v bližini mesta.
• 43.40777777777824.6202777777784 Pleven (Плевен) - Zgodovinsko mesto, znano po spomeniku Panorama ter po čudovitih parkih in fontanah v središču mesta.
• 42.14333333333324.7488888888895 Plovdiv (Пловдив) - Drugo največje mesto v državi, ki se nahaja na obeh bregovih reke Maritse, se ponaša z ljubko nakupovalno promenado in številnimi parki. Starodavno mesto z vplivi iz mnogih obdobij, vključno z ohranjenim starogrškim amfiteatrom, rimskim stadionom, starim mestom v slogu "bolgarske oživitve" in številnimi mošejami, katoliškimi katedralami in pravoslavnimi cerkvami po vsem mestu. Plovdiv je v državi znan tudi po burnem nočnem življenju. Čeprav ima mesto sodoben življenjski slog, je eno najstarejših na svetu in verjetno najstarejše v Evropi. Prav tako se odpravite na stranski izlet v približno eno uro oddaljen samostan Bachkovo.
• 43.847525.9544444444446 Rousse (Русе, Ruse) - Znano kot "Mali Dunaj", mestno jedro ponuja impresivno arhitekturno baročno zasedbo, ki je ni mogoče najti nikjer drugje v Bolgariji. Mesto se ponaša z različnimi zanimivimi kraji, med katerimi so rimski grad Sexiginta Prista, Roussejevo gledališče, Hiša Caliopa in Panteon.
• 43.20777777777827.9169444444447 Varna (Варна) - Tretje največje mesto v državi je čudovita kombinacija letovišča na plaži z znamenitim nočnim življenjem in mestnim središčem. Varniški obalni vrt je napolnjen z zabavami in ga lahko cenijo tudi ljubitelji umetnosti.
• 43.08222222222225.6316666666678 Veliko Tarnovo (Велико Търново) - Slikovito univerzitetno mesto v bližini reke Jantre, ki je bilo glavno mesto srednjeveškega bolgarskega cesarstva in ima še vedno eno najbolje ohranjenih srednjeveških trdnjav v starem mestnem jedru.
• 42.68083333333326.3163888888899 Sliven (Сливен) - Osmo največje mesto v Bolgariji.

Druge destinacije

• 42.7251 Narodni park Central Balkan
• 42.9316666722.961666672 Dragomanov barje
• 42.8225.343 Arhitekturno-etnografski kompleks Etar (ali samo Etara) - muzej bolgarske obrti in kulture 18. stoletja na prostem v Narodnem naravnem parku "Bulgarka" v bližini mesta Gabrovo
• 41.66666723.54 Narodni park Pirin
• 41.60111111111124.5741666666675 Rodopske gore

Razumeti

“	Ko je Bog dal ljudstvom sveta njihove dežele, je pozabil na Bolgare in ker jim ni ostalo več zemlje, jim je raztrgal košček nebes.	”
- Bolgarski rek

Blizu Turške ožine potekajo ključne kopenske poti iz Evrope na Bližnji vzhod in Azijo skozi Bolgarijo. Zahvaljujoč tej lokaciji je bilo ozemlje države zanimivo za mnoga ljudstva, ki so pustila svoj vpliv na zemlji. Ostanki različnih civilizacij in obdobij so raztreseni po vsej državi in ​​jih je mogoče videti še danes. Od grobnic mogočnih tračanskih kraljev preko gledališč starih Grkov in stadionov rimskega imperija do srednjeveških gradov kraljev prvega in drugega bolgarskega cesarstva ter mošej iz osmanske vladavine.

Geografija

Teren

The Balkanska gorska veriga ločuje severno od južne Bolgarije, saj gre vse od najbolj oddaljenih severozahodnih delov države proti vzhodu in se konča na obali Črnega morja. Na njenem jugu nad terenom Bolgarije prevladujejo visoke gore in rečne doline, ki zavzemajo skoraj vsa zahodna in najjužnejša območja države. Jug vključuje tudi traško nižino ter nizko gorovje Strandža in Sakar. Ozemlje severne Bolgarije je v celoti nižinsko. Vzhodna Bolgarija je vse obale in plaže Črnega morja.

Najvišja točka: Gora "Musala" v planini Rila - 2925 m (najvišji vrh v vzhodni Evropi)

Podnebje

Celinski v večjem delu notranjosti: zmerno hladne zime z občasnimi močnimi snežnimi padavinami; vroča in suha ali rahlo vlažna poletja. Na obali zmerno: blage jeseni, hladne zime, blage pomladi in topla in vetrovna poletja. Subtropsko na jugozahodu: blage zime z več dežja kot snega v spodnjem delu; vroča in vlažna poletja.

V zimskem obdobju so temperature v povprečju med -5 ° С in 0 ° С na ravnicah, med -2 ​​° С in 3 ° С na morju ter med -10 ° С in -6 ° С v gorah. Zimske skrajnosti običajno dosežejo -15 ° С v naseljenih območjih, občasno pa -25 ° С v hladnih letih.

Poleti se temperature na ravnicah gibljejo od 25 ° С do 30 ° С, na obali Črnega morja od 21 ° С do 28 ° С, v gorah pa od 18 ° С do 21 ° С. Ekstremi poleti prehajajo 40 ° С, občasno pa temperature v ravninah ob rekah dosežejo 46 ° С-48 ° С.

Politika in uprava

Bolgarija je demokratična parlamentarna republika s tradicionalno ločitvijo oblasti - zakonodajne (parlament), izvršne (vlada) in sodne (neodvisen sodni sistem). Bolgarija je članica EU Evropska unija (od leta 2007), NATO (2004), Svetovna trgovinska organizacija (1996), Svet Evrope (1992), ATS (1978), OVSE (1973), Združeni narodi (1955).

Vrhovna oblast v Bolgariji pripada Državni zbor (Bolgarščina: Народно зібрание). To je enodomni bolgarski parlament. Njeni člani so izvoljeni vsaka štiri leta. Samo Državni zbor lahko z imenom Republike Bolgarije razglaša in odpove mednarodne pakte in sporazume.

Ko so izvoljeni člani novega parlamenta, stranka ali koalicija z večino poslancev v skupščini predlaga predsednika vlade in vlado. Osebje vsake vlade natančno določa državni zbor. Samo parlament je pooblaščen za imenovanje in oblikovanje bolgarskih ministrov. Toda vsak premier in vsaka stranka ali koalicija lahko predlaga vlado, ki je optimalna za dejanske politične razmere. Število ministrov in njihovo področje pristojnosti se torej lahko razlikujeta v različnih vladah. Sedanjo bolgarsko vlado sestavlja 20 ministrov - 15 moških in 5 žensk.

Premier Bolgarije vodi vlado, imenuje in razočara namestnike ministrov ter opredeljuje notranjo in mednarodno politiko države. Pred državnim zborom sta odgovorna premier in vlada. Sedanji bolgarski premier je Boyko Borisov.

Predsednik Bolgarije je vrhovni poveljnik bolgarskih oboroženih sil. Dodeljuje in oblikuje vrhovne častnike (generale in admirale) v bolgarskih oboroženih silah, veleposlanike Bolgarije v tujih državah in mednarodnih organizacijah ter druge vrhovne državne uradnike. Zakone, ki jih sprejme državni zbor, bi moral podpisovati predsednik. Ima moč "veta", da jih zavrne. Trenutni bolgarski predsednik je Rumen Radev.

Zgodovina

Stari svet

Poglej tudi: Antična grčija, rimsko cesarstvo

Pri izkopavanjih so našli artefakte iz leta 5000 pred našim štetjem. Ozemlje države je bilo od takrat naprej nenehno poseljeno in na območjih današnje Bolgarije so živeli različni ljudje in skupnosti. Večina Bolgarije je skupaj z delom Grčije neposredno južno od skupne meje obeh držav in evropsko Turčijo sestavljala tisto, kar je bilo v starih časih Trakija. Številne ostanke in ruševine Trakij lahko najdemo po vsej Bolgariji, zlasti v okolici Kazanluk. V starih grških časih je imela regija ustanovljena številna mesta, nekatera pa so še vedno obstajala kot mesta v Bolgariji. V poznejših obdobjih je bilo območje moderne Bolgarije del Rimskega cesarstva z drevesnimi provincami. V začetku srednjega veka so se nekatera slovanska plemena naselila na Balkanu, konec 7. stoletja pa se je njihova veja združila s protobolgari - srednjeazijskim plemenom, ki je prišlo skupaj z zadnjimi valovi velike selitve -, da bi oblikovali prva bolgarska država na Balkanu.

Prvo in drugo bolgarsko cesarstvo

V naslednjih stoletjih so v jugovzhodni Evropi prevladovali bolgarski in bizantinski imperij, ki se je nenehno spreminjal v razmerju moči in vpliva, ki so ga imeli imperiji v tem delu sveta. Včasih so bili Bolgari nekaj dni oddaljeni od osvajanja zibelke civilizacije tistega obdobja: bizantinske prestolnice Konstantinopel; in včasih so Bizantinci usodno udarili po bolgarski državi. V srednjem veku je bila Bolgarija središče slovanske kulture in ena od osrednjih točk krščanstva. V bolgarskih šolah so razvijali versko literaturo in likovno umetnost, država pa je bila znana po ročni obrti. Bolgarija je bila prva država, ki je leta 886 našega štetja sprejela cirilico (v njeni prvotni obliki) kot lasten sistem pisanja. Prva "zlata doba" Bolgarije je trajala približno od 811 do 924 našega štetja v času vladavine kneza Borisa I in kralja Simeona Velikega, kraljev prvega bolgarskega cesarstva. Druga zlata doba v državi je bila od leta 1200 do 1241 našega štetja v času kralja Ivana Asena II., Kralja drugega bolgarskega cesarstva. Bil je vladar dinastije Asenevtsi, hiše, ki je ponovno vzpostavila bolgarsko državo, potem ko je padla iz Bizantinskega cesarstva in je bila skoraj dvesto let "odsotna z zemljevida" do leta 1185. Vladavina Asenevtsija slovi po tem, da je zdrobila križarji, potem ko so opustili svoj cilj, da bi osvojili svete dežele in se obrnili proti pravoslavnemu krščanstvu. Okoli in po bitki s križarji so vladarji drugega bolgarskega cesarstva zavladali v tem delu Evrope, saj je država postala največja in najmočnejša v "soseščini".

Osmansko pravilo

Poglej tudi: otomanski imperij

Toda do konca 14. stoletja so regijo preplavili Osmanski Turki. Bolgari so skupaj z drugimi balkanskimi narodi postali del Osmanskega cesarstva. Pet stoletij pozneje, leta 1878, je bila Bolgarija osvobojena z obsežno pomočjo Ruskega imperija v okviru njihovega večjega boja proti Otomanskemu cesarstvu. Značilni junaki države so borci za svobodo in intelektualci iz časa osmanske vladavine. Nekateri najvidnejši so: oče Paisiy, Georgi Sava Rakovski - revolucionarni strateg, Vasil Levski - apostol svobode in Hristo Botev - pesnik in borec. Bolgarija je dobila svoje de facto neodvisnost od Osmanskega cesarstva leta 1908.

Tretja bolgarska država

Poglej tudi: Druga svetovna vojna v Evropi, Evropa hladne vojne

Po seriji krvavih in surovih balkanskih vojn in nacionalne katastrofe je Bolgarija imela nadaljnjo nesrečo, da jo je v obeh svetovnih vojnah zasedla izgubljajoča stran, in je v času hladne vojne padla v sovjetsko vplivno sfero. Leta 1946 je postala Ljudska republika s komunistično stranko na vodilnem položaju. V času komunizma je bilo Črno morje priljubljena destinacija za popotnike za železno zaveso in številna letovišča v državi so bila zgrajena v tej dobi. Konec leta 1989 se je komunistična prevlada hitro končala. Čeprav so v Bolgariji potekale večstrankarske volitve, so številni komunistični politiki ostali na oblasti s preimenovanimi socialističnimi politikami. Zaradi hiperinflacije in gospodarskega zloma so dolgo upokojeni delavci prosili na ulicah, da bi dopolnili svoje zdaj ničvredne pokojnine, mladi za začetek senčnih poslov, skupnost pa se je za pomoč obrnila na voditelje mafije. Razmere so končno pregnale staro gardo z oblasti leta 1997, vendar je bila država v šibkem političnem položaju zaradi širjenja vpliva "podzemnih procesov" na vseh ravneh vlade.

Danes so Bolgariji reforme in demokratizacija prinesle Nato, vstop v EU pa je praznoval leta 2007. Bolgarija je načrtovala, da bo svojo nacionalno valuto, lev, spustila v evroobmočje leta 2015, vendar ti načrti čakajo. Čeprav ima razmeroma stabilno gospodarstvo in nizek dolg, je najrevnejša članica Evropske unije. Poleg tega država že od zgodnjih devetdesetih let doživlja demografsko krizo in je izgubila več ljudi kot kateri koli drug narod na zemlji.

The državni praznik Bolgarije je 3. marec - dan osvoboditve (Bolgarščina: Освобождение на България). 3. marca 1878 je bila podpisana San Stefanska pogodba, ki je končala rusko-turško vojno 1877–1878 in vodila do neodvisnosti Bolgarije. otomanski imperij.

Vstopi

Zahteve za vstop

Bolgarija se je zavezala, da bo izvajala Schengenski sporazum čeprav tega še ni storila. Za državljane Evropske unije (EU) ali Evropskega območja proste trgovine (EFTA) (tj. Islandija, Lihtenštajn, Norveška in Švica), za vstop zadošča uradno odobrena osebna izkaznica (ali potni list). Druge narodnosti bodo za vstop na splošno zahtevale potni list.

Potovanje v / iz katere koli druge države (schengenske ali ne) iz / v Bolgarijo bo imelo za posledico običajne priseljenske preglede, čeprav se carinski pregledi opustijo pri potovanju v / iz druge države EU.

Vprašajte svojega potovalnega agenta ali lokalno veleposlaništvo ali konzulat Bolgarije.

Državljani iz naslednjih držav ne za vstop v Bolgarijo potrebujejo vizume: Andora, Antigva in Barbuda, Argentina, Avstralija, Avstrija, Bahami, Belgija, Brazilija, Brunej, Kanada, Čile, Kolumbija, Kostarika, Hrvaška, Ciper, Češka, Danska, El Salvador, Estonija, Finska, Francija, Nemčija, Grčija, Gvatemala, Honduras, Madžarska, Islandija, Irska, Italija, Izrael, Japonska, Latvija, Lihtenštajn, Litva, Luksemburg, Malezija, Malta, Mehika, Moldavija, Monako, Mavricij, Nizozemska, Nova Zelandija, Nikaragva, Norveška, Panama, Peru, Poljska, Portugalska, Paragvaj, Južna Koreja, Romunija, Saint Kitts in Nevis, San Marino, Sejšeli, Slovaška, Slovenija, Španija, Švedska, Švica, Singapur, Ukrajina, Združeno kraljestvo, ZDA, Urugvaj, Vatikan, Venezuela, Hong Kong in Macao.

Državljani iz vseh drugih držav volja potrebujete vizum, ki ga lahko dobite na bolgarskem veleposlaništvu ali konzulatu v vaši državi. Pridobiti je mogoče različne vrste vizumov, vključno z 90-dnevnim vizumom za kratkoročno bivanje (tip "C"). Obrazec za izdajo vizuma je na voljo na spletu tukaj, s spletne strani bolgarskega ministrstva za zunanje zadeve.

Z letalom

V Bolgariji so štiri mednarodna letališča, ki se nahajajo v mestih Sofija (SOF ^IATA), Varna (VAR ^IATA), Bourgas (BOJ ^IATA) in Plovdiv (DDV ^IATA), vendar večina tradicionalnih prevoznikov (kot so Lufthansa, British Airways, Turkish Airlines) leti le do mednarodnega letališča Sofija. Obstaja veliko ponudb za čarterske in last minute letalske vozovnice Varna ali Bourgas odhod iz zahodne Evrope (zlasti Nemčije in Velike Britanije). Če jih imate, se lahko od nemških letališč do Bolgarije in nazaj vrnete za manj kot 100 EUR.

Več nizkocenovnih letalskih družb ponuja redne lete v Bolgarijo. Vozni red spreminjajo vsako sezono, zato preverite lete na spletnem mestu letalske družbe.

• Wizz Air ima neposredne redne lete do Sofija iz 35 destinacij, večinoma iz zahodne Evrope, pa tudi iz Izraela in Dubaja, pa tudi leti v Varna iz 13 destinacij in Burgas od 4.
• Eurowings ponuja direktne lete iz Düsseldorfa in Stuttgarta v Sofija.
• EasyJet leti do Sofija s 5 letališč v Združenem kraljestvu, pa tudi na Varna iz Gatwicka in Berlina.
• Ryanair leti do Sofija od 28 letališč do Burgas od 13 letališč do Varna z Dunaja pa tudi do Plovdiv iz Londona Stansted.
• Flydubai leti iz Dubaja v Sofija.

Čarterski leti lahko ponudijo zelo ugodne cene za črnomorska letališča Varna in Burgas poleti iz številnih evropskih mest (kot so: Thomson, Balkan Holidays Air, Bolgarska letalska listina, Condor, UTair in mnogi drugi). Pozimi lahko čarterske letalske družbe ponudijo ugodne ugodne cene Sofija in Plovdiv.

Večji letalski prevozniki iz ZDA ponujajo odlične povezave do Bolgarije prek Evrope. Letališča, do katerih lahko pridete z glavno letalsko družbo, so Sofija in Varna. Iz Azije ponujata Turkish Airlines in Qatar Airlines najboljše povezave in cene.

Z vlakom

Od Romunija, vlak vozi vsak dan iz Bukarešta ob 12:00 ob desetih urah; povratni vlak odpelje iz Sofije ob 9:00. Od junija do septembra je vlak skozi vlak, od oktobra do maja se morate spremeniti ob Rousse ("Ruse") na meji. Nočnega vlaka ni več.

Od Grčija, vlak vozi vsak dan iz Solun ob 07:00 do Sofije do 14:20; povratni vlak zapusti Sofijo ob 15:00, da bi do Soluna (na odhodnih tablah prikazan kot "Solon") ob 22:20. Tam morate ostati čez noč, če želite povezati do Aten, Pireja in trajektov do grških otokov.

Od puran, spalni vlak odpelje iz Istanbula Halkali ob 21:40, ki vozi čez Edirne, Kapikule na meji, kjer izstopite zaradi nadzora potnih listov, in Plovdiv do Sofije do 09:00. Vlak proti vzhodu zapusti Sofijo ob 21:00 in v Istanbul prispe ob 07:40. Enosmerna vozovnica drugega razreda znaša 20 EUR, plus dodatek 10 EUR za ležalnike ali 15 EUR za ležišče za spanje.

Od Srbija, od sredine junija do sredine septembra vsak dan vozi direktni vlak med Beogradom Topcider in Sofijo, ki traja deset ur. Vendar je proga Budimpešta-Beograd v letu 2019 prekinjena zaradi inženirskih del, zato je težko doseči Bolgarijo iz zahodne Evrope z vlakom.

Poceni način potovanja v Bolgarijo je Balkanski Flexipass.

Z avtom

Če želite iz zahodne Evrope z avtom priti do Bolgarije, boste morali iti skozi Srbijo ali Romunijo ali pa se s trajektom iz Italije odpeljati v Grčijo.

Najkrajša pot od Zahodne Evrope do Bolgarije je skozi Srbijo. Vendar se prepričajte, da imate pri sebi zeleno karto, saj Srbija ni del EU. Prav tako je bila najpogosteje uporabljena srbska pot do Bolgarije (skozi Niš) ozka gorska cesta, po kateri je zaradi gostega prometa naporen za vožnjo. V izgradnji je avtocesta A6, ki bo vzhodno Srbijo povezala z Bolgarijo. Dokončana naj bi bila v začetku leta 2021.

Do drugih poti do Bolgarije skozi Romunijo, ki vozijo samo po cestah, je daljša, vendar lahko traja veliko manj časa, saj ima Romunija avtoceste, ki povezujejo meje z Zahodno Evropo in Bolgarijo, državljani Unije pa imajo kot del EU manj formalnosti. na romunskih mejah. Pot je zelo primerna tudi za ljudi, ki potujejo iz severne Evrope.

Potovanje po Grčiji po prehodu Solun izbirate lahko med tremi potmi, odvisno od vašega končnega cilja. Če greš proti Sofija, Zahodne ali severne Bolgarije, je najhitrejša in najkrajša pot proti Serresu in nato do meje Promahonas - Kulata. Če je vaš cilj nekje v Rodopi (Smolyan, Pamporovo, Kurdzhali) ali blizu Plovdiv, najkrajša pot je proti Xantiju (mimo Kavale) in nato do meje Thermes - Zlatograd. Vendar je treba v Grčiji še vedno obnoviti to pot. Končno, če gremo na Bugarsko morje najhitrejša pot je proti Komotini (ločitev pri Kavali in Xantiju) in nato do meje Ormenio - kapetan Petko Voyvoda.

V Bolgariji morate plačati cestni davek na meji (približno 5 EUR za 7 dni). Dobili boste posebno nalepko, ki jo morate namestiti na svoj avto. Na bolgarskih cestah ni cestninskih postaj.

Poleg nalepke boste morda morali plačati zdravstveno zavarovanje bolgarskih oblasti (2 EUR na osebo za 3 dni, nekoliko več za več dni). Poskrbite, da boste prejeli potrdilo! Pričakujte dolge čakalne vrste ob določenih dneh, ki sovpadajo z nekaterimi bolgarskimi prazniki.

Z avtobusom

Avtobusi do in iz Sofija pojdite v večino evropskih mest - medtem ko bodo bolgarske avtobusne družbe cenejše (in večinoma ponujajo manj udobja), vozovnice je težko dobiti, če potujete do Bolgarija, tako da se lahko vedno peljete z avtobusi Eurolines. Ne bodite presenečeni, če voznik avtobusa od vsakega popotnika zahteva dodatno "mejno pristojbino" - hitreje prečka vašo mejo. Večina avtobusov iz zahodne Evrope bo šla skozi Srbijo, zato obvezno predhodno preverite, ali potrebujete tranzitni vizum (srbski vizumi za državljane EU so bili ukinjeni).

Moj čoln

Obstajajo redni trajekti čez Črno morje med Varno, Černomorskom (blizu Odese, Ukrajina) in Potijem (Gruzija). Govori se o hitrih potniških trajektih med Burgasom in Istanbulom. Občasno v Varni in Burgasu pristajajo križarke.

Obiti

Z avtobusom

Po državi najhitreje potujete z avtobusom. Avtobusi pogosto povezujejo vsa večja mesta (morda boste morali na avtobusno postajo vprašati ali pa vas voziti s taksijem). Informacije o voznih redih v angleščini lahko najdete na spletu (avtogari.info ali bgrazpisanie.com). Vedno potrdite lokalno, saj so spletni viri morda nepopolni ali zastareli. Večina agentov avtobusnih postaj (razen na Črnem morju in v Sofiji), pa tudi vozniki ne bodo govorili ali razumeli nobenega jezika, razen bolgarščine (in, če imate srečo, ruščine), cilji pa bodo napisani izključno v cirilici. Lahko pogledaš gor vozni red avtobusov za Sofijo New Central na avtobusni postaji.

Potovanje iz Sofije v večja mesta v Bolgariji z avtobusom je dobro. Enosmerna vozovnica do Črnega morja iz Sofije je približno 12-15 €. Več podjetij vozi na rednih linijah, ki jih vozijo novi in ​​sodobni avtobusi. Vozne rede in cene v angleščini za nekaj večjih podjetij najdete na GRUP Plus in Biomet.

V Sofiji obstajajo še druge avtobusne postaje, nekateri zasebni avtobusi pa odhajajo s svoje osebne postaje, toda za popotnike, ki se želijo iz mesta z najmanj zmedo znebiti - je uporaba najnovejše avtobusne postaje morda najlažja.

Avtobusi in minibusi vozijo od Varna in Bourgas vzdolž obale, mimo ali v vsa bolgarska črnomorska turistična središča.

Z vlakom

Potovanje z vlakom ni poceni, a tudi počasneje kot z avtobusom. Vlaki so najbolj uporabni pri potovanju po dveh glavnih vlakovnih poteh: Sofija - Varna in Sofija - Burgas. Obe poti lahko prevozite čez noč, vendar bi morali rezervirati že zgodaj, ker so ti nočni vlaki pogosto v celoti rezervirani.

Uradna spletna stran Bolgarske državne železnice (BDZ) je uporabniku prijazen in ponuja spletni vozni red, ki je enostaven za uporabo [1]. Na voljo je še en načrtovalec vlakov bgrazpisanie.com.

Upoštevajte tudi, da je večina bolgarskih vlakov starih več kot 20 let, so mešanica starejših bolgarskih vozil in starega nemškega voznega parka (v glavnem nekdanji avtobusi Interregio) in niso vedno dobro vzdrževana, zlasti stranišča se bodo večini zahodnih uporabnikov zdela primitivna .

Obstajajo novejši, precej udobni vlaki Desiro, ki jih je izdelal Siemens (enaki tistim, ki se uporabljajo v zahodnih državah), ki se uvajajo od: Sofije do Plovdiva; Plovdiv do Karlovega in Asenovgrada; in Sofije do Blagoevgrada. BDZ je prenovil tudi nekatere starejše avtomobile in jih zdaj uporablja za njihov vrhunski izdelek, imenovan IC, ki je hitri vlak z obveznimi rezervacijami in sedeži 2 1 celo v 2. razredu ter precej udobni in čisti sedeži.

Nakup vozovnic za vlak je precej hiter, čeprav večina ljudi kupi vozovnico 10 minut pred odhodom, saj vaša vozovnica običajno velja za določen vlak. Če ne veste, kateri vlak želite uporabiti, lahko vozovnico v vlaku kupite tudi brez kazni. Če se vaše potovanje začne na isti točki, ko se vlak začne, boste morda lahko za zelo majhno doplačilo (0,30 leva) kupili rezervacijo za določen sedež na določenem vlaku. Čeprav se zdi, da od vmesnih postaj nikoli ne deluje.

Prvi razred običajno stane približno 30% več kot 2. razred in ponavadi ni bistveno bolj udoben (3 sedeži zapored namesto štirih).

Če kupite povratno vozovnico, boste morda dobili 30-odstotni popust za celotno potovanje v primerjavi z nakupom dveh ločenih vozovnic. Če to storite, morate na vozovnici železniške vozovnice pred povratkom potovati z žigom, saj bi sicer lahko bil neveljaven.

Za skupinsko potovanje je popust.

Ljudje, ki jih zanimajo železnice, bi morali obiskati Rodopi vlak, ki se začne ob Septembra in gre gor do Dobrinisthe, ki poteka skozi Bansko. Ta ozkotirni (760 mm) vlak gre skozi zelo slikovito pokrajino, vzpenja se po gorah Rodopi, doseže vrh in se nato v 4,5 ure spet spusti za 125 km (povprečna hitrost 30 km / h). Traja nekaj časa, vendar je res dober način, kako videti nekaj podeželskega bolgarskega življenja. Ob posebnih priložnostih ga upravlja parni stroj.

S taksijem

Taksiji so običajno priročen in cenovno ugoden način za prevoz po mestih. Mnogi taksisti znajo le omejeno angleščino, zato je koristno, da si zapišete cilj ali nosite zemljevid. Taksi v Bolgariji so v večjih mestih standardizirani in naj bodo prikazani na sprednjem in stranskem oknu taksija. Vendar so tujci verjetno tarča brezvestnih taksistov, ki so si namestili števce ali ušli na dolge poti. Spoznati bi morali najbolj znane taksiste na vašem območju, svojo pot in pričakovani račun. Najprimernejšega načina iskanja taksista je tako, da naročite taksi po telefonu ali v aplikaciji, uporabite taksi z uradne taksi postaje na letališčih v Sofiji in Varni ali pa pozdravite tistega, ki vozi mimo po glavnih cestah. Nepoštenega boste najverjetneje našli na taksi postajah na turističnih žariščih in v večjih hotelih ali po navodilih, ki vam ponujajo taksi ob prihodu na letališča, avtobusne in železniške postaje. Nekateri goljufivi taksiji na svojih avtomobilih posnemajo celo logotipe in nalepke drugih.

Z avtom

Če potujete z avtomobilom, bi bilo koristno, če boste vsaj malo prebrali cirilico. Večina znakov na glavnih cestah ima smer, ki je prikazana z latiničnimi črkami, vendar so znaki v notranjem cestnem sistemu izključno v cirilici, tako da če načrtujete cestno potovanje, priporočamo GPS navigacijo ali cestni zemljevid.

Če ste tujec, je najbolje, da najamete avto. Če se odločite za najem avtomobila, ne pozabite, da morate za kakršen koli nalet ali strganje avtomobila, ne glede na to, ali gre za tretjo osebo ali ne, nemudoma poklicati policijo in ugotoviti škodo zaradi zavarovalnic, sicer ugotovili, da vaše zavarovanje ne bo pokrilo škode. Podrobno preglejte pogoje in določila vaše najemne pogodbe.

Driving in Bulgaria can be a bit precarious - many roads do not have well defined lanes as they are not well marked, and are in poor conditions with bumps and holes on them. On all but the major roads, expect to find significant pot holes and uneven surfaces. Due to the poor road surfaces, you will often find cars driving on the wrong side of the road to avoid these holes, so be cautious when driving around blind bends. Locals often do not observe speed limits, do not signal when changing lanes, take up dangerous manoeuvres on the road and are very nervous on behind the wheel. When travelling on the road Sofia-Greece, be very careful. There are extensive road reconstructions and you can meet some really dangerous drivers.

If you observe the rules, police will not bother you. Bulgarian police have white Opel Astra patrol cars, marked "POLICE" with blue letters - keep that in mind, because in the past there have been several cases of fake police officers stopping cars and robbing travellers. Should you ever doubt the authority stopping you, you have the right to ask them to identify themselves with a certificate issued by the Ministry of Internal Affairs (Министерсво на вътрешните работи - МВР).

Never ever drink and drive in Bulgaria! This is always dangerous, and in Bulgaria it is a heavy criminal act: your first offence will result in a long prison sentence or at least - a very significant fee. The once-common practice of bribing a police officer to get out of a speeding or parking ticket is becoming the exception.

Car theft isn't much of a risk, but shouldn't be underestimated. In rural areas leaving your car should be safe, but in the big cities or tourist spots, it is advisable to stay on the safe side by parking either on the major streets or on guarded garages, where fees range from 6 leva (€3) a day to 2 leva (€1) an hour. If you plan to spend more time in one city, it might be better to rent a parking space, which on the average costs 60 leva (€30) a month. Most hotels have their own parking, and even at private lodgings it is often possible to park the car in the garden or so, just ask.

Z letalom

Domestic air travel does not make much sense in Bulgaria as distances are relatively short.

Bulgaria Air, the national carrier, flies 2-3 times/day between Sofia and Varna.

Govori

Poglej tudi: Bulgarian phrasebook

Bolgarščina is a southern Slavic language that uses the Cyrillic alphabet.

Bulgarian is mutually intelligible with Makedonski (considered a variant of Bulgarian by many Bulgarians) and also closely related to Serbo-Croatian. Russian and other Slavic languages are more distantly related but still similar. If you know any of these, you shouldn't have many problems getting by.

Turški is spoken natively by the Turks of Bulgaria, who live mostly in the Southern mountains and the further Northeast.

It is also important to remember the fact that many Bulgarians - contrary to most nationalities - shake their head za Da in nod za Ne! It is better to rely on the words "da" za ja in "ne" za št than on head movements.

Bulgarian education emphasizes foreign language studies, and especially the English language. Older people may speak Rusko, as it was a compulsory second language in schools during the communist era. The use of Russian has been declining since the collapse of the iron curtain, with English now being far more popular. In the south people often understand Greek and Turkish.

Glej

There is a wide variety of historical, natural, religious and artistic sights to see in Bulgaria. All across the country there are remains of different epochs and eras, societies and peoples, spiritual and artistic personae that create a beautiful mix of ethnic culture full of unique traditions and rituals combined with a sense of belonging to the movements that have shaped the world as we know it today. The Bulgarian tourist movement, established more than one hundred years ago, has promoted the acknowledgement of all the sights that form the distinguished Bulgarian identity through its so called "100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria" program [2] that covers most of Bulgaria's must-see attractions. Of course, nowadays the program includes more than two hundred and fifty one-of-a-kind places of interest but the name still remains. Some of the most popular sites include:

• UNESCO's World Heritage sites: Ancient City of Nessebar, Boyana church, Madara Rider stone carving, Rila Monastery, Rock-Hewn Churches of Ivanovo, Thracian Tomb of Kazanlak, Thracian Tomb of Sveshtari being the historical, and Pirin National Park, Srebarna Nature Reserve being the natural.
• the other great monasteries of Bulgaria that have been centres of Bulgarian culture during the Ottoman rule such as Bachkovo Monastery, Troyan Monastery, Dryanovo Monastery, Osenovlag Monasteryitd.
• the natural creations in the Bulgarian mountains that are a combination of awe to the beautiful natural forms and the exciting feeling of danger in the face of the sharp edges and deep ravines created solely by wind and water. Some of the most popular natural creations are the caves Dyavolsko Garlo (Bulgarian: Дяволското гърло, The Devil's Throat), Ledenika (Bulgarian: Леденика, The Ice-Cold), Magurata which has cave paintings on its walls and Snezhanka (Bulgarian: Снежанка, the Snow White), the canyons of Trigrad and the river Erma, Chudnite Mostove (Bulgarian: Чудните мостове, The Marvelous Bridges) rock phenomena, and the natural pyramids near the town of Melnik and the ones near the village Stob.
• the still-standing fortresses from the Middle Ages such as Tsarevets v Veliko Tarnovo, Baba Vida v Vidin, Tsari Mali Grad blizu Samokov, Fort of Samuil near the village of Strumeshnica and the Fort of Asenevtsi blizu Asenovgrad.
• the remains from the cities of Ancient Greece and the Roman Empire in Sofija, Plovdiv, Nessebar, Sozopol, Razgrad and many many other cities and towns
• the architectural historical reserves like the towns of Koprivshtitsa, Bozhentsi, ali Daskalolivnitsa in the town of Elena, Plovdiv's Staro mestno jedro, Varosha neighbourhood in Blagoevgrad and the neighbourhood of Arbanasi v Veliko Tarnovo
• the sacred places of Perperikon in Rupite, the many ancient and medieval churches in the country, and the tombs of the Thracian kings
• the sites of historical significance for the Bulgarian people, because of the acts of those who have been on those places such as mount Shipka, mount Okolchitsa, the area Oborishte, the homes of Vasil Levski in Ivan Vazov, and the church in Batak among many other places

Bulgarian culture includes a many unique and interesting to see traditional rituals some of which have been around since pagan times and are still performed. Some of the most interesting rituals are:

• nestinarstvo - a fire ritual originating from the villages in the mountain Strandzha that involves barefoot dancing on soldering embers. Originally it was performed on the square of some Strandzhan villages, but nowadays it can be viewed in many places throughout the country on the night of Sts. Constantine and Helen - 3 versus 4 July. It is a unique mixture of Eastern Orthodox Christian beliefs and pagan rituals in the Strandzha mountains
• surva - a new years ritual for hood luck and health. It is performed by young children (up to the age of 12) on New Year's Day, by tapping the older than them relatives on the back with the help of a survachka (a rod made of cornel tree sticks, decorated with wool, dried fruit and popcorn) and reciting a text for their fortune
• kukerstvo - a traditional Bulgarian ritual performed to scare away the evil spirits. The ritual is performed by men wearing grotesque masks and clothes made out of animal furs, horns and hooves, and belts with large bells. The men are dancing, making loud sounds with the bells on their belts, chasing away the evil spirits in order to ensure a good harvest, health and good luck throughout the year. The ritual is usually done around New Year at night when "the monsters lurk"

Ali

Pohodništvo - It is a popular activity in Bulgaria, where a big choice of regions for a day or multyday walking trips is available. The best time for hiking in the highest parts of the mountains is in summer, between late June and September as the snow is already melted and the weather is generally dry. In winter, snowshoeing and ski trips are possible between December and March, depending on the current snow and weather conditions.The main hiking areas are:

• v Balkanski - this mountain chain gives the name of the Balkan Peninsula. It stretches all along the country and is popular among the fans of the long distance hiking trips. One of the famous European Long Distance Routes (E3) follows its main southern ridge all the way from the west border of the country to the seaside. One of the three national parks in Bulgaria - National Park Central Balkan - is situated here. Also, on the northern side of the mountain is Nature Park Bulgarka. Both parks are protected areas as they contain rare and endangered wildlife species and communities, self-regulating ecosystems of biological diversity, as well as historical sites of global cultural and scientific significance.
• v Bulgarian Shopluk - The highest point of the Balkans (Mount Musala - 2925m ) is situated in Rila. Beside it, the northwestern parts of the mountain are a popular hiking destination, rich to nature and cultural sights as the Seven Lakes Cirque, Skakavitsa Waterfall (the highest in Rila), the Rila Monastery and the area of Malyovitsa. National Park Rila, which is the biggest in Bulgaria, is situated here.
• v Pirin - Located south from Rila and close to Grčija and the Mediterranean Sea, these mountains are famous with the biggest number of sunny days per year among the mountain ranges in Bulgaria. The most popular hiking area is Northern Pirin. Its highest peak (Mount Vihren - 2914m) is the third highest the Balkans, after mount Musala in Rila and mount Mitikas in Olympus, Greece. Another popular route follows the main ridge of the mountains, crossing a landmark, called "The Foal" - a very tiny part of the ridge, which is secured and accessible for hikers. National Park Pirin is established to protect the nature in these mountains. Pirin is also famous with a number of blue high mountain glacier lakes.
• v Rodopske gore - Located in South Bulgaria, the Rhodopes take up nearly one-eight part of the territory of the country. The landscapes here are quite different than in those of Rila and Pirin - there is no such a jagged peaks, but endless "sea" of green hills and a number of small villages between them. The Rhodopes offer a lot of opportunities for easy hiking in combination with getting to know the local culture and traditions. The area is inhabited from an old time and nowadays both Christians and Muslims live here and contribute to the unique local culture. The Rhodopes are known as the home of Orpheus - the mythical Greek musician and poet who entered the underworld to revive his beloved wife Eurydice.

There is an extensive network of marked tourist trails available and this allows a large number of different routes. The main accommodation in Balkan, Rila and Pirin mountains are the mountain huts and lodges, which usually offer rustic conditions, but there are also numerous three- and four-star hotels near popular tourist destinations. In the Rhodopes it is possible to stay in local guest houses.

Zimski športi - There is a large number of winter resorts all around the Bulgarian mountains. Some of the most popular are Bansko, Pamporovo,Borovets in Chepelare

Enjoy the beach - the Bulgarian seaside is full of enchanting letovišča mixing the modern hotels and wild night life with ancient sights and traditional culture. Famous resorts include Albena, Golden Sands, Nessebar, Primorsko, Sveti Vlas, Sozopol, and of course Sunny Beach.

Enjoy the nightlife - Bulgaria has a wide variety of entertainments to offer to any generation and that can satisfy any taste. However, one of the things the country is most famous of is its nightlife. A mix of oriental passion, European vision and unique Bulgarian seasoning that can be found throughout all the summer beach resorts at the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, mountain resorts, and almost any city and university town including Sofija, Plovdiv, Varna, Burgas, Haskovo, Veliko Tarnovo, Blagoevgradin mnogi drugi.

Božič - While most Bulgarians are Eastern Orthodox, Christmas is a religious affair, so that Bulgaria celebrates December 25 as Christmas Day, according to the Gregorian calendar. Slavic traditional Christmas carols, known as koleduvane in Bulgarian can be seen in the streets.

Nakup

Denar

Exchange rates for Bulgarian leva Od januarja 2020: US$1 ≈ лв1.8 €1 ≈ лв1.95 (fixed) UK£1 ≈ лв2.3 Exchange rates fluctuate. Current rates for these and other currencies are available from XE.com

The Bulgarian unit of currency is the lev (лев, plural: leva), denoted by the symbol "лв" (ISO code: BGN). It is divided into one hundred stotinki. The lev is pegged to the euro at 1.95583 leva for €1.

Shopkeepers and other businesses in Bulgaria will usually not accept foreign money, although many will accept the euro. Bulgaria remains a largely cash economy in the rural areas; but in major cities, credit cards are generally accepted.

In most cities there are many money exchange offices which are marked with signs that say "Change". Most are legitimate, but some may rip you off. For example, they advertise a very competitive rate on the outside, but on the inside, there is a tiny sign with the "official" rates, and these are much worse – so always make sure to ask how many leva you will get for your money prej you actually hand it over, and calculate yourselves (e.g., using your mobile phone) how much money you would expect to get. If you now refuse the transaction because the rate suddenly changed, they will make all kinds of unjustified assertions (e.g., "I already entered it into the computer, it cannot be stopped"), but you if threaten to call the police immediately while raising your voice so that other tourists look your way, they usually will let go immediately.

It is much safer to exchange your money at a bank. Banks apply little or no commissions, and generally offer good rates, although they are slightly worse than at a (non-criminal) change bureau. Higher commissions may be applied to traveller's cheques. Old, dirty or very worn bank notes may be refused. Nikoli exchange money out on the street. Beware of people on the street who offer high rates of exchange or who may ask you to make some change for them.

Over the past years the ATM network in Bulgaria has grown considerably, making it relatively easy to obtain cash from the numerous ATMs in Sofia, and in all other major cities and resorts. The national credit/debit card circuit Borica [3], to which all ATMs in the country are hooked up, accepts Visa/Plus, Visa Electron, MasterCard/Cirrus, Maestro, American Express, Diners Club, and a number of other cards.

Prices

Prices in Bulgaria for some items are around half that of Western Europe, and good bargains are to be had on shoes and leather goods as well as other clothing. Clothes from famous international brands, perfumes, electronic equipment, etc. often are more expensive than in other parts of Europe.

Supermarkets

In Sofia and a few major cities you can find branches of international hypermarket chains like Kaufland, Hit, Billa, Metro, and other. There are also many local supermaket chains like Fantastiko, Familia, and Piccadilly. All Bulgarian supermarkets sell products of European quality.

Prekuhavanje

Waiters in Bulgaria usually get paid a minimum wage, because they make up the rest of their salary on tips (бакшиш (bakshish)). 10% is an average tip in a restaurant. Change is ресто (resto) and Service charge is такса обслужване/сервиз (taksa obsluzvane/serviz).

Jej

Poglej tudi: Balkanske kuhinje

Bulgarian cuisine is a representative of the cuisine of Southeastern Europe. It has some Turkish and Greek influences, but it has some unique elements. The relatively warm climate and diverse geography produce excellent growth conditions for a variety of vegetables, bean cultures, herbs and fruits. Bulgarian cuisine is particularly diverse.

Famous for its rich salads required at every meal, Bulgarian cuisine is also noted for the diversity and quality of dairy products and the variety of wines and local alcoholic drinks. Bulgarian cuisine features also a diversity of traditional hot and cold soups, and numerous main dishes featuring a myriad of local grown vegetables. The meat appetizers that are typically served after the main dish are not to be missed out on. Bulgaria is also famous for the abundance of pastries in its cuisine.

A traditional Bulgarian meal starts with a salad of choice and some strong alcoholic beverage. The Bulgarian likes to drink wine or beer with its main dish continuing with the chosen drink by the end of the meal. This is why in most restaurants a salad is considered to be the best combination for strong alcoholic drinks.

Restaurants serving international cuisine have a presence in the country, offering various options such as Chinese, French, Italian, and international contemporary.

Because of Bulgaria's geographic location and the slow technological progress in the agricultural sector of the economy, the plant products used in the typical Bulgarian kitchen are all organic.

Most common foods

Most Bulgarian dishes are oven baked, steamed, or in the form of stew. Deep-frying is not very typical, but grilling - especially different kinds of meats - is very common. Turkish-influenced dishes do exist in Bulgarian cuisine with most common being moussaka, gyuvetch, and baklava. Pork meat is the most common meat in the Bulgarian cuisine. Fish and chicken are widely eaten, while beef is less common.

Yogurt (Kiselo mlyako) is very popular. It is mixed with water (drink called ayryan or airian) and it is added to main dishes (especially liver based or with minced meat). White cheese (brine) is a very popular ingredient in the Bulgarian cuisine too. Salads are often topped with it and it is often added to soups and main dishes.

• Banitsa (also diminutival called banichka) is a traditional Bulgarian food prepared by layering filo pastry with various ingredients. Cheese is the most popular one, but there are also spinach, potatoes, minced meat or kraut (in the winter season). Usually people eat it for breakfast but it goes at any time of the day.
• In the bakeries there are also various flour based cakes like kozunak (sweet bread, Easter cake with raisins), kifla (rolls with chocolate or marmelade) and some salty variations with white or yellow cheese.
• Tarator is a cold soup made of yogurt and cucumber (dill, garlic, walnuts and sunflower oil are sometimes added) and is popular in the summer season.
• Shkembe chorba (tripe soup) is widely believed to be a hangover remedy. There are a few 24/7 places in Sofia where young people go early in the morning after a party, to have a Shkembe.
• Shopska salad is a traditional Bulgarian cold salad popular throughout the Balkans and Central Europe. Its name comes from the people born of Sofian descent called "shopi". It is made from tomatoes, cucumbers, onion/scallions, raw or roasted peppers, white brine cheese and parsley.
• Snezhanka salad or Snow White salad is made from yogurt and cucumbers. Snezhanka (Snow White) salad derives its name from the fairy tale character Snow White but the only reason for the name is the predominantly white color of the salad.
• Trushia is served predominantly in the winter season - pickled vegetables. It is a traditional appetizer (meze) to go with the alkoholi drink rakia. It is often served in restaurants or it can be bought prepared from supermarkets. There are different recipes made with garlic, chili peppers, celery, cauliflower, carrots, cabbage and other vegetables, and dried aromatic herbs pickled in vinegar, salt, and different spice mixtures, which usually include whole black peppercorns, ginger, etc.
• Kyopolou salad is a popular Bulgarian and Turkish relish made principally from roasted eggplants and garlic. Bell peppers, tomatoes, parsley are added.
• Green Salad, very popular in the spring season and Easter, is made of lettuce, radish, cucumber. Boiled eggs are added on Easter. Sometimes it is served topped with yogurt.
• Lyutenitsa (Ljutenica or Lutenica) is a vegetable relish. The ingredients include tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, onion, garlic or black pepper. It comes in many varieties. Lyutenitsa comes in a jar and is often used as a spread on toast and breads. It is also popularly eaten with many meats, meatballs and kebapcheta.
• Kebapche (plural Kebapcheta) is grilled minced meat with spices (black pepper or cumin). The meat is shaped into an elongated cylindrical form, similar to a hot dog. Typically, a mix of pork and beef is used. Kebapche is a grilled food. It is never fried or baked.
• Kyufte (also Kiufte, plural Kiufteta) is minced meat, with traditional spices, shaped as a flattened ball.
• Sarma is a dish of grape or cabbage leaves rolled around a filling usually based on minced meat.
• Musaka (Moussaka) is potato-based dish with pork mince, and the top layer is usually yogurt mixed with raw eggs.
• Yogurt is popular dessert served with jam, dried or fresh fruits or honey. In the Sofia area it is often called Vezuvii (Vesuvius) or given other "marketing" names in the restaurant menus.
• Baklava is very popular dessert but it is rarely served in the restaurants in Sofia. It can be found in boxes in the supermarkets.
• Garash cake is commonly found in patisseries and restaurants. It is made of ground walnut kernels, sugar and topped with chocolate icing.

Vegetarijansko

There are a number of traditionally vegetarian dishes in Bulgarian cuisine including salads, soups, and some main dishes.

Salads - main ingredients in Bulgarian salads are tomatoes, cucumbers and white cheese. The most popular Bulgarian salad is Shopska salad, which is a mix of tomatoes, cucumbers, onion, raw or roasted peppers (preferably roasted), white cheese and is typically seasoned with parsley. The dressing for Shopska salad is salt, sunflower oil and wine vinegar.

Juhe - Traditional Bulgarian vegetarian soups include: Bob Chorba (боб чорба) which is a minty bean soup, Leshta Chorba (Леща чорба) which is minty lentil soup and Tarator (Таратор) - a cold yoghurt and cucumber soup.

Glavne jedi - there is a wide variety of boiled, fried, breaded, or roasted vegetarian dishes.

• Panagyurski style eggs (Яйца по панагюрски) - Boiled open eggs served in yoghurt and white cheese with red pepper and garlic seasoning
• Mish-mash - fried mixed eggs with peppers (and onions) seasoned with fresh spices
• Byurek pepper (Чушка бюрек) - baked pepper stuffed with seasoned eggs and white cheese mix, breaded and fried
• Vegetarian sarmi (посни сърми) - rolls of either vine leafs or pickled cabbage leafs filled with seasoned rice and served with yoghurt

Traditional milk products

There are only two native kinds of cheese: the yellow-colored Kashkaval (Кашкавал) - more or less akin to the Dutch Gouda - and the more popular white Sirene (Сирене) - a kind of Feta cheese, similar to Greek Feta in taste but more sour. Originally made from sheep milk, it is available from cow or goat milk, or mixed.

A pride of the Bulgarian people, yoghurt has Bulgaria for its motherland. The native Bulgarian original yoghurt (kiselo mlyako) contains Lactobacilicus Bulgaricus, a bacterium which serves as the basis for active culture "plain" yoghurt in other countries. Normally made from cow or sheep milk, it can also be prepared from buffalo milk, with a remarkably stronger taste.

Being a staple, and quite favourite around the country, Bulgarian yoghurt also is an ingredient to many dishes, the most famous one being the cold soup Tarator and the drink Ayran. Yoghurt is also a main ingredient of a white sauce used in baking.

There are a lot of dishes served with yoghurt on the side since Bulgaria is the homeland of the product.

Traditional meat appetizers

There is a large number of traditional meat appetizers from all kinds of meat in Bulgarian cuisine. The most widely consumed, however, have been pork. Traditional meat appetizers are made from either the meat of the animal or from its intestines, but some of the delicacies include both. Other ingredients include leek, garlic, sometimes rice and a wide variety of herbs and spices such as savoury, thyme, parsley, cumin, dill, black pepper, red pepper, and others.

Cooked traditional meat appetizers include fried liver ( typically chicken, pork or lamb), roasted lamb intestines in herbs and spices, breaded veal tongue or veal tongue with mushrooms in butter, and veal stomach in butter or with mushrooms and cheese. Other popular cooked meat appetizers are sazdarma (саздърма) in bahur. Sazdarma is made of chopped meat and usually is seasoned with Daphne leafs and black pepper and can be from veal, lamb or mutton, while bahur is made of chopped pork meat and liver, with added rice and seasoned with allspice, savoury and black pepper. Although, some may think that those appetizers do not sound attractive at all, many of them fin out that they are a jewel once they have tried them.

Smoked and/or dried meat appetizers can be generally divided into two types: pastramis and salamis.

Some of the most popular pastrami-type appetizers are the pork Elena fillet (a salted air-dried fillet covered in savoury, thyme and other herbs) and Trakiya fillet (again, salted and air-dried fillet which is more juicy than Elena fillet and is covered in red pepper). There is also a wide variety of conventional pastramis (air-dried and then smoked and steamed) made from pork, veal, mutton, lamb and turkey. Pastrami in Bulgaria is transcribed as пастърма (pastarma). Another popular fillet appetizer is air-dried mackerel (in Bulgarian veyana skumriya (веяна скумрия) and it can be found in restaurant all around the seaside.

Salami-like appetizers are mostly made of pork and are only air-dried. The most popular are lukanka (made of minced pork with black pepper and cumin), ambaritsa (made of minced meat with red pepper, black pepper and garlic), babek (chopped meat and belly with red pepper, black pepper and either dill or savoury), and starets (chopped meat and belly with black pepper, cumin, allspice and rarely leek or garlic).

Bulgarians have a long tradition of making meat appetizers and many of them vary in recipe across the country. Much of them can be found in different varieties in restaurants and food stores. Most of the most popular appetizers have regional recipes that give the distinct flavour of the area.

Popular local dishes with meat

The most preferred Bulgarian salad is the shopska salad. However, there is another traditional salad that includes the ingredients of the shopska salad and adds it own distinct touch. The ovcharska salad is a mix of tomatoes, cucumbers, peppers, onion, parsley and white cheese combined with mushrooms, boiled eggs, yellow cheese and most significantly - ham. The dressing again is salt, sunflower oil and wine vinegar.

As a main course you can have:

• Bolgarščina moussaka - a rich oven-baked dish of among other ingredients: potatoes, minced meat and white sauce of eggs and yoghurt served traditionally with chilled yoghurt;
• Gyuvetch - typical ingredients include chopped potatoes, tomatoes, peppers, aubergines, peas and some meat done in a clay pot called gyuvetch (from where the name of the dish comes
• Sarmi - rolls of vine or pickled cabbage leaves with rise and meat
• Drob sarma - a dish of lamb liver, belly and kidneys with rice covered white sauce and baked, served with yoghurt
• Kavarma - fried meat with tomatoes, onions and peppers
• Kapama - rolls of pickled cabbage leafs filled with four types of meat and at least one type of sausages in tomatoes and onions baked in a gyuvetch

Hitra hrana

In Bulgaria there are traditional bakeries that prepare different kinds of pastry products. Banitsa in mekitsa are the favorite salty and sweet (respectively) pastries among others like tutmanik, milinka in kifla. Also, a traditional fast food option in Bulgaria is the grilled foods, such as kebabche in kufte (made of minced meat), karnache (a variety of sausage) and shishche (a king of shish-kebab made with chicken or pork meat).

Pizza, dyuner (döner kebab), sandwiches and toasts, or hamburgers are also very easily found on the streets of Bulgaria. There are also many local and international fast-food chains. While the local vary across regions, some of the internationally recognised McDonalds, KFC, Subway and Burger King are in every big city.

There is also a chain of fast food restaurant made by Syria Bulgarian all over Bulgaria offering fried chicken and pizza call ( Shami ) and it offers halal cheap food.

Other chain really recommended to try is ( HAPPY ) and it is available all over Bulgaria, worth to try always, good and clean service.

Pijte

Non-alcoholic

There are more than six hundred mineral water springs around the country, so this is something you'd better taste and drink. However, tap water is not safe to drink in some regions.

Some of the most popular traditional non-alcoholic beverages in the country are ayran/ayryan (yoghurt, water and salt) and boza (sweet millet ale).

Another popular non-alcoholic drink is the fizzy drink "Etar" that has a distinct caramel flavour.

Vino

Grape growing and wine production have a long history in Bulgaria, dating back to the times of the Thracians. Wine is, together with beer and grape rakia, among the most popular alcoholic beverages in the country.

Some of the well known local wine varieties include:

• the red dry wines Mavrud, Pamid, Gamza;
• the red sweet wines Melnik, Dimyat, Misket, Malaga (made of raisins), Muskat, Pelin (with sour notes), Kadarka;
• and the white wines Keratsuda (dry) and Pelin (sweet with sour notes).

Pivo

Beer (bira: бира) is produced and consumed all around the country. You can find readily available excellent local varieties like Kamenitza (from Plovdiv), Zagorka (from Stara Zagora), Ariana (from Sofia), Pirinsko (from Blagoevgrad) and Shumensko (from Shumen), as well as Western European beers produced under license and produced in Bulgaria like Tuborg, Heineken, Stella Artois and Amstel.

Žgane pijače

• Rakia/rakiya (ракия) is the Bulgarian national alcoholic drink. It is served neat, usually at the beginning of a meal with salads. It is strong (40% vol) clear brandy that is most commonly made from grapes or plums. However, there are as many varieties of the alcohol as there are fruit. Some of the best special selections are either made of apricots, or pears, or cherries, or peaches.

In many regions people still distil their rakia at home. Home-made rakia may include some special ingredients such as anise, honey, milk, natural gum and lozenges. Home-made rakia is then usually much stronger (around 50% to 60% vol).

• Another quite popular drink is mastika (мастика). It is a strong (47 - 55% vol) anise-flavoured drink very similar to Greek ouzo. It is usually consumed with ice, with water in a 1:1 mixture.
• Menta (мента) is a Bulgarian peppermint liqueur. It can be combined with mastika getting the Cloud cocktail (Oblak). Menta can also be combined with milk for a weak alcoholi, but tasty cocktail.

Spi

Finding accommodation in Bulgaria is very easy, for any price. You can find everything - from hostels in Sofia and Plovdiv, very cheap boarding houses along the coast to inexpensive hotels in all cities and luxury hotels in large cities. There are many "mountain huts" or villas available for rent all around the mountains in the country. Overnight accommodations can also be acquired at about a dozen of the monasteries. There are also plenty of guest houses and villas. Bulgaria is famous for offering quality budget accommodation for rural and ecological tourism in charming small towns in its mountains as well as at the seaside.In some of the coastal villages, elderly ladies often approach tourists disembarking from coaches and trains, offering accommodation in boarding houses. These can often be excellent value for money (from as little as $5 a night) and can offer an authentic experience, however check these out before you agree on a stay.

Nauči se

The oldest Bulgarian university is the Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski" that in 2008 celebrated 120 years from its foundation. It is considered to be the largest and most prestigious university center. There are many newer centres of education in Sofia, Plovdiv, Varna, Shumen, Veliko Tarnovo, Blagoevgrad, etc.

For most subjects, programs are available in Bulgarian or English, depending on the university. Elementary and middle schools are supported by local authorities budget. As with most nations, teachers complain about small salaries. Literacy is nearly universal. Bulgarian people speak mostly English, German, French and Russian.

Some of the universities that offer education entirely in English are the American University in Bulgaria, New Bulgarian University in Technical University of Sofia. The last one offers also degrees in German language.

Secondary education entirely in English is offered by the American College in Sofia.

Ostani varen

Bulgaria is generally a very safe country, and people are quite friendly. You should however behave according to common sense when you are outside of the main tourist areas, i.e. don't show too openly that you have money, don't dress too much like a tourist, watch your things, don't walk around the suburbs (esp. those of Sofia) at night, avoid dark streets at night. Stepping in a hole is a much greater danger in Bulgaria than getting robbed.

Emergency phone numbers

The pan-European standard number 112 for all emergency calls is working everywhere in Bulgaria since September 2008. If, for some reason, you can not connect to 112, dial 166 for police, 150 for ambulance and 160 za the fire department.

Driving

Driving in Bulgaria can be fairly nerve-wracking, and Bulgarian roads have claimed 599 lives in 2012 and this is a decreasing figure compared with previous years. Aggressive driving habits, the lack of safe infrastructure, and a mixture of late model and old model cars on the country’s highways contribute to a high fatality rate for road accidents. Of significant notation that the Bulgarian road system is largely underdeveloped. There are few sections of limited-access divided highway. Some roads are in poor repair and full of potholes. The use of seat belts is mandatory in Bulgaria for all passengers, except pregnant women. In practice, these rules are often not followed. Take caution while crossing the streets, as generally, drivers are extremely impatient and will largely ignore your presence whilst crossing the road.

Zločin

In general, organised crime is a serious issue throughout Bulgaria, however it usually does not affect tourists and ordinary people. Bulgaria is safer than most European countries with regard to violent crime, and the presence of such groups is slowly declining. Pickpocketing and scams (such as taxi scams or confidence tricks) are present on a wider scale, so be careful, especially in crowded places (such as train stations, urban public transport).

Car theft is probably the most serious problem that travellers can encounter. If you drive an expensive car, do not leave it in unguarded parking lots or on the streets - these locations are likely to attract more attention from the criminals. If, by any chance you do leave it in such a location, you need to be sure that the vehicle has a security system. Such an installment will prevent the vehicle from getting stolen.

Travellers should also be cautious about making credit card charges over the Internet to unfamiliar websites. Offers for merchandise and services may be scam artists posing as legitimate businesses. An example involves Internet credit card payments to alleged tour operators via Bulgaria-based websites. In several cases, the corresponding businesses did not exist. As a general rule, do not purchase items of websites you are unfamiliar with.

Bulgaria is still largely a cash economy. Due to the potential for fraud and other criminal activity, credit cards should be used sparingly and with extreme caution. Skimming devices, surreptitiously attached to ATMs by criminals, are used to capture cards and PINs for later criminal use, including unauthorized charges or withdrawals, are very common in Bulgaria. If you are unsure which ATM to use, it's best to use your cash instead of a credit card.

Also, be careful with the cash you are dealing with. Bulgaria is one of the biggest bases for money forging of foreign currency, so pay attention to your euros, dollars and pounds.

On occasion, taxi drivers overcharge unwary travellers, particularly at Sofia Airport and the Central Train Station. Travellers are recommended to use taxis with meters and clearly marked rates displayed on a sticker on the passenger side of the windshield, as generally these Taxi's charge a normal amount, and the taxis with no meters charge for very unfair prices. One useful tip is to check the price for your trip from a trustful source beforehand, such as a friend or an official at station or tourist bureau. If by any chance you are trying to be lured into such rogue taxis, it is best to reject the offer, or just simply walk off.

Bulgaria has very harsh drug laws, and the penalties are perhaps far more severe than in any other country in Europe.

Po poročilih Agencije za temeljne pravice (FRA) je Bolgarija država z manj strpnosti do LGBT oseb v celotni Evropski uniji za leti 2009 in 2011. Po množičnih protestih konec leta 2017 in v začetku leta 2018 , je bila Istanbulska konvencija uradno zavrnjena. Zato bodite previdni pri pogovoru in ne izražajte očitnega homoseksualnega ali transspolnega vedenja. V nasprotnem primeru bi vas lahko napadli skinheadi ali nacionalisti.

Ne menjajte valute na ulici! Pogosta prevara je, da vam ponarejeni denar ponudijo kot menjavo na turističnih območjih, kot so postaje.

Živali

Potepuški psi so pogosti po vsej Bolgariji. Medtem ko je večina prijaznih in se vas bolj boji kot vi njih, so bili odgovorni za številne nesreče, zato bodite pozorni. V Bolgariji je steklina, zato je treba pri pikih živali takoj poiskati zdravniško pomoč.

Divji medvedi in volkovi včasih je mogoče videti v gozdu, zato bodite previdni.

Korupcija

V Bolgariji obstaja korupcija kot v mnogih drugih evropskih državah. Na primer, nekateri policisti ali uradniki vas lahko za določeno dejanje zaprosijo za podkupnino. Če se to zgodi, zavrnite predlog in prosite za ime in osebno številko posameznika. Nekoč je bila težava tudi carinska korupcija, ki pa je po vstopu države v EU drastično upadla.

Vlada se je z velikim uspehom močno borila proti korupciji. Če se znajdete v položaju, v katerem vas prosijo za podkupnino, ali če imate občutek, da vas izkoriščajo, lahko izpolnite spletno poizvedbo pri policiji tukaj http://nocorr.mvr.bg/ali pokličite 02 982 22 22 in prijavite korupcijo.

Prosjačenje

Na žalost prosjačenje in naključni ljudje, ki vam poskušajo prodati stvari, so v Bolgariji precej pogosti. V počitniških krajih tako v gorah kot na obali bo veliko ljudi, ki vam bodo poskušali prodati različne stvari, kot so vrtnice, piratski DVD-ji itd. Običajno se jih trdno ne bo znebilo, včasih pa bodo vztrajali in jih pogosto ignorirali. ne izpuščajte jih, razen če popolnoma jasno poveste, da vas to ne zanima. Zavedajte se tudi, da v mnogih primerih ti ljudje lahko zvečer preprosto zaidejo v hotelske restavracije, zato pričakujte, da jih bodo nekoč videli stati za vašo mizo! Na smučiščih je veliko ljudi, ki prodajajo "tradicionalne" bolgarske zvonove. Vedo, kdaj pridejo turisti in koliko časa ostanejo, in vas bodo ves teden motili, da kupite zvonec. Če boste v začetku tedna jasno povedali, da ne želite zvona, vas bodo običajno pustili pri miru (vsaj nekaj dni), če pa ne rečete ne ali celo rečete, da vas bodo označili z poceni plastični zvonec, ki vas bo prisilil, da ga kupite pozneje v tednu. Moški zvonci bodo nenadoma postali vaš prijatelj za en teden, ko vas bodo poskušali privoščiti, da kupite zvonec, seveda pa, če želite kupiti zvonec, se prepričajte, da se barantate! In če res ne želite kupiti zvonca, bo do konca tedna vaš zvonar zahteval svoj poceni zvonec iz plastike nazaj in ne bo zelo vesel! Ne počutite se slabo, če ne kupite zvona, saj pogosto zaračunavajo oderuške cene, razen če se resnično barantate. Če pa kljub temu kupite zvonec, boste ugotovili, da bodo moški zvončki resnično prijazni in klepetavi ljudje in res niso vsi tako slabi, kot se zdijo!

Ostani zdrav

Kot splošno bogata evropska država je najbolje reči, da so zdravstveni standardi razviti. Vendar pa obstajajo potencialna zdravstvena tveganja, čeprav se je vlada z velikimi uspehi borila proti velikim možnostim takšnih stvari. Najbolje je ostati pri največjem tveganju, s katerim se lahko sreča potnik onesnaževanje zraka. Ljudje s težavami z dihanjem, kot je astma, so v večji nevarnosti.

Tveganja za zdravje

Onesnaževanje ni nič boljše ali slabše kot v katerem koli drugem evropskem mestu. Tveganja za zdravje so enaka tistim v drugih delih Evrope, zato bodite previdni, kaj jeste, kar pomeni, da če kupujete sadje in zelenjavo, jih pred jedjo operite. Če ste nagnjeni k nakupu hrane s stojnice, ki prodaja hitro hrano, ki vsebuje meso, vedite, da tvegate zdravje zase, ker v teh ustanovah ni zdravstvenih kod.

Če ste na Črnem morju, upoštevajte močno sonce na plaži, zlasti julija in avgusta. Nosite zaščito pred soncem in v prvih enem ali dveh dneh ne puščajte dežnika. Na plaži ne pijte trdega alkohola, saj lahko povzroči srčni napad.

Kajenje

Kajenje je nacionalna zabava in izogibanje dimom cigaret je še težje kot izogibanje izpušnim plinom na ulicah. Na splošno večinoma poleti večina ljudi sedi zunaj, kar poslabša stvari. Ker gre za sezonsko oviro, je najbolje, da ostanete na preži. Od leta 2012 je kajenje prepovedano na javnih mestih, vključno z bari in restavracijami, vendar se omejitve redko upoštevajo.

Prehranjevanje in pitje

Večina hrane je povsem varna za uživanje. Proizvodi, ki se uporabljajo pri kuhanju, so običajno domači in ekološki. Seveda se poskušajte izogibati prehranjevanju na mestih, ki očitno niso čista.

Voda iz pipe v Bolgariji se močno razlikuje glede kakovosti, okusa in priporočil za pitje. Čeprav je v gorskih regijah zelo kakovostna in varna za pitje, se je najbolje izogibati pitni vodi v severni Bolgariji in regijah ob morju. Gorske regije v Bolgariji imajo naravne izvire, ki jih je precej, številne vasi pa imajo enega ali več izvirov mineralne vode.

Bolnišnice

Razmere v bolgarskih bolnišnicah se lahko razlikujejo - od čisto čistih in penečih, z vsemi najnovejšimi tehnološkimi pripomočki, do naravnost sivih, temnih in hladnih. Obstaja nekaj novih bolnišnic in nekaj zelo starih s staro tehnologijo. Medicinsko osebje je zelo dobro v svojem delu.

Državljani Evropske unije so zajeti v bolgarskem nacionalnem zdravstvenem sistemu, če imajo Eurocard (ali evropsko kartico zdravstvenega zavarovanja), ki jo lahko dobijo pri svojem nacionalnem zdravstvenem organu.

Zobozdravstveni posegi v zasebnih klinikah v Bolgariji so odlične kakovosti. Številni ljudje iz Zahodne Evrope prihajajo v Bolgarijo, da bi si zob uredili za četrtino cene, ki jo plačajo v svojih državah.

Spoštovanje

Bolgari so neverjetno prijazni in se zelo zanimajo za pogovor s tujci. Bolgari so ponavadi veliko bolj odprti kot nekateri drugi vzhodni Evropejci in dialog z njimi je zelo priporočljiv in koristen. V manjših mestih, zlasti v Rodopih, vas ljudje lahko povabijo na kosilo, večerjo ali celo prespijo. Pogosto je prijetna gesta, ko nekomu podarimo "Dobarjevsko brlog", ko gremo mimo tihe stojnice ali mimo osebe. Kak sté (kako gre) običajno zadostuje za mlajšo generacijo.

Kot pravilo večine držav po vsem svetu se morate izogibati temam, ki vključujejo politiko, vojne in zunanje odnose, občasno pa tudi nogomet (nogomet). Če vas v tak pogovor vleče, poskusite ostati nevtralni. Ne pozabite, da vaše poznavanje lokalnih razmer verjetno ne bo tako dobro kot bolgarsko!

Za nekatere ljudi je Makedonija občutljiva tema za pogovor, vendar vas prosimo, da postavite svoja vprašanja, pod pogojem, da o tem ne razpravljate s tistimi, za katere je bolj verjetno, da se bodo užalili (tj. Nacionalisti in skinheadi). Mnogi Bolgari menijo, da Makedonija pripada Bolgariji, toda če ne poznate teme in ljudi, s katerimi se pogovarjate, je najboljša možnost samo postavljanje vprašanj.

Večina Bolgarov ne občuti jeze ali zamere do Rusov (v nasprotju s številnimi ljudmi iz drugih držav nekdanjega vzhodnega bloka), Bolgari pa imajo veliko boljše dojemanje Rusov, vendar je včasih potrebna previdnost pri razpravi o vprašanjih glede Turčije . Prav tako je mogoče opaziti diskriminacijo Turkov in Romov, vendar predvsem zaradi nekaterih nacionalističnih skupin, ki se v osrednji in zahodni Evropi ne razlikujejo veliko od skupin sovraštva.

Izogibajte se pogovorom ali primerjanju med Turčijo in Bolgarijo, ta tema je zelo občutljiva in prav tako obstaja nesporazum, da je islam Turčija in Turčija islam, zato Bolgarija na splošno ima predsodke do muslimanov na splošno.

Bolgarija je še vedno zelo konzervativna država, zato očitno homoseksualno in transspolno vedenje ni sprejeto kot prijazno. Neposreden pogovor LGBT z neznancem se lahko konča s fizičnim napadom na vas.

Bolgari v resnici ne klepetajo, zato bo poskus pogovorov z nekom na blagajni trgovine verjetno povzročil nenavadne poglede (bodisi zaradi nerazumevanja bodisi zaradi nenaklonjenosti) ali pa vas bodo preprosto ignorirali. Bolgari so prav tako nestrpni in vam pogosto zatrubijo, če hodite pred avtomobilom, zlasti pozimi v gorah, ko poskušajo držati ceste.

Povežite se

Domači telefoni

Domača telefonska storitev je na voljo v skoraj vseh prebivalcih (ne glede na velikost) prek PSTN ali VoIP.

Mobilni telefoni

Mobilni telefoni so v Bolgariji zelo razširjeni - veliko ljudi ima dva ali tri mobilne telefone, ki uporabljajo različne nosilce. Obstajajo tri omrežja (M-tel, Globul in Vivacom), ki uporabljajo standarde GSM / 3G / HDSPA, kmalu pa naj bi na ozemlju države lansirale LTE (4G).

M-tel je najstarejši in največji prevoznik, zato ima skoraj polno nacionalno pokritost (97% površine države), z manjšimi izjemami v najvišjih predelih gora. Druga dva, Globul in Vivacom, ker nista tako pogosto uporabljena, ponujata boljše hitrosti mobilnega interneta.

Cene vozovnic so povprečne za Evropsko unijo (0,05-0,40 € na minuto, 0,70 € / SMS). Na voljo so predplačniške kartice in naročnine, z nekaterimi cenovnimi načrti pa obstajajo posebne možnosti za mednarodne klice s popustom. Predplačniške kartice potrebujejo registracijo z veljavnim osebnim dokumentom ali potnim listom.

dostop do interneta

Dostop do interneta je v Bolgariji široko dostopen, čeprav ima približno 60% prebivalstva reden dostop. Širokopasovni internet je na voljo prek kabelskih, ADSL, optičnih vlaken, WiMax in LAN povezav. Do interneta lahko dostopate tudi s svojim mobilnim telefonom prek GPRS ali 3G. Hitrosti so v prestolnici precej hitre - cene znašajo približno 10 EUR za 20 Mbit / s, lokalni dostop pa približno 40-100 Mbit / s. Hitrosti se povečujejo, dostop do doma za 10 Mbit / s je na voljo približno 7,5 EUR na mesec. Zunaj Sofije so hitrosti bistveno nižje, najhitrejše so okoli 7,5 EUR za 10 Mbit / s. Internetne kavarne so na voljo v večini krajev in nekaterih vaseh. Računalniki običajno niso na voljo v knjižnicah ali na javnih mestih, kot so železniške postaje, vendar je na takšnih javnih mestih in bencinskih črpalkah pogosto na voljo brezplačen brezžični dostop. Številne pube in hoteli bodo imeli tudi brezplačen WiFi. Brezžični dostop narašča, zlasti v največjih mestih, vendar je še vedno precej omejen. Na voljo je tudi plačljiv brezžični dostop. Hitrosti v Bolgariji so presenetljivo dobre! Pravzaprav je Bolgarija med 10 državami z najhitrejšimi hitrostmi brezžičnega interneta po vsem svetu.