Združene države Amerike - United States of America

COVID-19 informacije: ZDA imajo največ potrjenih primerov COVID-19 na svetu, pri čemer so bile prizadete vse države. Vse ravni vlade so izvedle ukrepe za zajezitev širjenja. Številnim tujcem je prepovedan vstop v ZDA, odvisno od nedavne potovalne zgodovine in drugih dejavnikov, za vse potnike (vključno z ameriškimi državljani) veljajo omejitve, ki se lahko v kratkem spremenijo. Glej Vstopi spodaj. Številne državne in lokalne oblasti so omejile zmogljivosti restavracij in drugih podjetij. Izogibajte se prenatrpanih krajev in skupinskih srečanj in se držite vsaj 2 metra stran od drugih. Nosite pokrivalo za obraz na javnih mestih; to je priporočljivo po vsej državi in ​​se zahteva pri večini oblik prevoza, na letališčih ter v mnogih državah in mestih. Določene države in mesta so ustanovile prostovoljne oz obvezno samokarantene za nekatere obiskovalce iz drugih držav. Prav tako bodo morda zahtevali, da se pred prihodom ali po njem preizkusite in lokalnemu zdravstvu sporočite informacije o svojih potovanjih in stikih. Testiranje in karantena morda ne bo potrebno, če je cepljeno proti COVID-19. Preverite pri CDC ter najnovejše podrobnosti z državnimi in lokalnimi oblastmi.

(Podatki so bili nazadnje posodobljeni 7. aprila 2021)

The Združene države Amerike je prostrana država v Severna Amerika približno polovico manjši od Rusija in približno enake velikosti kot Kitajska. Ima tudi tretje največje prebivalstvo na svetu z več kot 330 milijoni prebivalcev (leta 2020). Vključuje gosto naseljena mesta z razprostranjenimi predmestji in velika nenaseljena območja naravnih lepot. Predstavlja največje svetovno gospodarstvo s svojo zgodovino množičnega priseljevanja iz 17. stoletja in je "talilnica" kultur iz vsega sveta.

Šteje se za najmočnejšo in najvplivnejšo državo na svetu, igra prevladujočo vlogo v svetovni kulturni krajini in slovi po široki paleti priljubljenih turističnih destinacij, vse od stolpnic Manhattan in Chicago, do naravnih čudes Yellowstone in Aljaska, do kanjonskih dežel Jugozahod, do toplih, sončnih plaž Florida, Havaji in Južna Kalifornija.

Regije

Združene države štejejo 50 države in glavno mesto države Washington DC., ki so za namene Wikivoyage združeni v naslednje regije:

Zemljevid ZDA

Nova Anglija (Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont) Nova Anglija, kjer se nahajajo dvokapne cerkve, rustikalne starine in potopljena v ameriško zgodovino, ponuja plaže, spektakularne morske sadeže, razgibane gore, pogoste zimske snege in nekatera najstarejša mesta v državi, na ozemlju, ki je dovolj majhno za ogled (na hitro) v tednu .

Srednjeatlantski (Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pensilvanija, Washington DC.) Srednji Atlantik, od New Yorka do Washingtona, je dom nekaterih najbolj gosto naseljenih mest, zgodovinskih krajev, valovitih gora in obmorskih letovišč.

Južno (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Severna Karolina, juzna Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, Zahodna Virginija) Jug slovi po gostoljubnosti, domači kuhinji in modrem, jazz, rock 'n' roll, bluegrass in country glasbene tradicije. Ta bujna, večinoma subtropska regija vključuje hladne, zelene gore, nasade in prostrane močvirne čemprese.

Florida Severna Florida je podoben preostalemu jugu, vendar v letoviščih v Ljubljani ni tako Orlando, upokojenske skupnosti, pod vplivom tropskih Karibov Miami, Evergladesin 1.900 km peščenih plaž.

Srednji zahod (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin) Regija preprostih in gostoljubnih ljudi, kmetijskih zemljišč, gozdov, slikovitih mest, industrijskih mest in Ljubljane Velika jezera - največji sistem sladkovodnih jezer na svetu, ki tvori Severna obala ZDA

Teksas Druga največja država je kot ločena država (in je nekoč že bila) z močnimi kulturnimi vplivi iz njene španske in mehiške preteklosti. Teren je precej razgiban, z močvirji na jugovzhodu, ravninami in kmetijami bombaža na južnih ravnicah, peščenimi plažami v južnem Teksasu in gorami ter puščave v skrajnem Zahodnem Teksasu.

Velike ravnice (Severna Dakota, Južna Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma) Nekdanja obmejna dežela Divjega zahoda, ki je bila pogosto opisana kot "bolj ravna kot palačinka", je bila ta regija nekoč sestavljena iz neskončnih travnikov. Velik del je zdaj ena za drugo ogromna kmetija z občasnimi mesti, a preostale prerije so še vedno velike in nekoliko opustošene.

Skalnate gore (Kolorado, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming) Spektakularno zasneženo Skalnati ponujajo pohodništvo, rafting, odlično smučanje, puščave in nekatera velika mesta.

Jugozahod (Arizono, Nevada, Nova Mehika, Juta) Pod močnim vplivom španske, mehiške in indijanske kulture je to območje dom nekaterih najspektakularnejših naravnih znamenitosti in cvetočih umetniških skupnosti. Čeprav so puščave v glavnem prazne, vsebujejo nekaj velikih mest.

Kalifornija Tako kot na jugozahodu tudi na Kalifornijo močno vplivajo nekdanji španski in mehiški vladarji, pa tudi azijska kultura in kulinarika. Kalifornija ponuja svetovno znana mesta, puščave, deževne gozdove, zasnežene gore in čudovite plaže.

Pacifiški severozahod (Washington, Oregon) Prijetno blag pacifiški severozahod ponuja izlete na prostem in svetovljanska mesta. Teren ima spektakularne deževne gozdove, slikovite gore in vulkane, čudovite obale in modre stepe in puščave.

Aljaska Petina tako velika kot preostali del ZDA, Aljaska sega tudi do Arktike in ima gorsko divjino, vključno z najvišjo goro Severne Amerike, Denaliin avtohtona aljaška kultura, ki je ni mogoče videti drugje v ZDA.

Havaji Vulkanski arhipelag v tropskem Tihem oceanu, 3.700 km (3 700 km) jugozahodno od Kalifornije (najbližje države), sproščeni Havaji je počitniški raj.

ZDA upravljajo tudi zbirko nedržavnih ozemelj po vsem svetu, predvsem v Karibi (Portoriko in Ameriški Deviški otoki) in Oceanija (Guam, Ameriška Samoa, Severno Marianski otokiin različni nenaseljeni otoki in otoške skupine). Ker se s popotniškega stališča precej razlikujejo od 50 držav, so zajete v ločenih člankih. Glej Ameriški kolonializem za destinacije, kjer lahko izveste o sedanjih in nekdanjih čezmorskih ozemljih ZDA.

Mesta

Južna fasada Bele hiše, Washington, DC

Združene države imajo več kot 10.000 mest in vasi. Sledi seznam devetih najpomembnejših. Druga mesta najdete v ustreznih mestih regijah.

• 38.904-77.0161 Washington DC. - glavno mesto države, napolnjeno z večjimi muzeji in spomeniki
• 42.358-71.0632 Boston - najbolj znan po kolonialni zgodovini, strasti do športa in univerzah
• 41.836-87.6843 Chicago - središče srednjega zahoda, nacionalno prometno središče in največje svetovno središče za trgovanje z blagom z ogromnimi nebotičniki in drugimi arhitekturnimi dragulji
• 34.05-118.254 Los Angeles - dom filmske industrije, glasbenih umetnikov in deskarjev z lepim vremenom, čudovitimi naravnimi lepotami od gora do plaž in neskončnimi avtocestami
• 25.775-80.2085 Miami - to mesto z živahno karibsko kulturo, ki je pod vplivom latinskoameriškega sveta, privlači severnjake, željne sonca
• 29.95-90.0666 New Orleans - "The Big Easy", rojstni kraj jazza, je znan po svoji čudoviti francoski četrti, značilni kulinariki in vsakoletnem praznovanju Mardi Gras
• 40.712-74.0057 New York City - največje mesto v državi, kjer živi Wall Street, veliki mediji in oglaševanje, vrhunska kuhinja, umetnost, arhitektura in nakupovanje
• 37.783-122.4168 San Francisco - Mesto ob zalivu z mostom Golden Gate, živahnimi mestnimi četrtmi, dramatično meglo in visoko tehnologijo
• 47.609-122.3339 Seattlu - bogati muzeji, spomeniki, rekreacija in vesoljska igla

Druge destinacije

The veliki kanjon v Arizono

To so nekatere največje in najbolj znane destinacije zunaj večjih mest.

• 63.069-151.0071 Narodni park Denali - oddaljen narodni park z najvišjim vrhom Severne Amerike, Denali (nekdanji gora McKinley)
• 36.3-112.62 veliki kanjon - najdaljši in najbolj obiskan kanjon na svetu
• 35.562-83.4983 Narodni park Great Smoky Mountains - narodni park v južnih Apalačih
• 37.183-108.4884 Narodni park Mesa Verde - dobro ohranjena bivalna stena prednikov Puebloan
• 43.878-103.4595 gora Rushmore - ikonični spomenik štirih nekdanjih predsednikov, vklesan v pečino
• 43.079-79.0746 Niagarski slapovi - masivni slapovi čez mejo s Kanado
• 28.385-81.5637 Walt Disneyjev svet - najbolj priljubljena počitniška destinacija na svetu
• 44.6-110.58 Nacionalni park Yellowstone - prvi nacionalni park v ZDA in dom starovernega gejzirja
• 37.85-119.559 Nacionalni park Yosemite - dom El Capitana, Half Dome in slavna drevesa Giant Sequoia

Razumeti

Kapital	Washington DC.
Valuta	Ameriški dolar (USD)
Prebivalstvo	331,4 milijona (2020)
Elektrika	120 ± 6 voltov / 60 herc (NEMA 1-15, NEMA 5-15)
Koda države	1
Časovni pas	UTC − 12: 00 do UTC 12:00 in osrednji časovni pas, časovni pas Aljaske, gorski časovni pas
Nujne primere	911
Vozna stran	prav
uredi na Wikidata

ZDA (znane tudi kot "ZDA", "ZDA" ali samo "Amerika") niso Amerika televizije in filmov. Je velik, zapleten in raznolik, z različnimi kulturnimi in regionalnimi identitetami. Zaradi oddaljenosti je potovanje med regijami dolgotrajno in drago.

Geografija

Apalači v Georgia

The sosednje Združene države ali "Spodnja 48" se nanaša na ozemlje brez Aljaske in Havajev. Velik del prebivalstva živi na obalah Atlantika, Tihega oceana ali Mehiškega zaliva ali ob Velikih jezerih. Njene edine kopenske meje - obe precej dolgi - si delijo Kanada na severu in Mehika proti jugu. The celinskih ZDA je 48 sosednjih držav, DC in Aljaska, vendar ne vključuje Havajev.

Veliki Tetoni, Skalnate gore, Wyoming

Država ima tri glavne gorske verige. The Apalači segajo od Kanade do Alabama, nekaj sto kilometrov zahodno od Atlantskega oceana. So najstarejši od treh verig in ponujajo spektakularne oglede in odlične kampiranje. The Skalnati so v povprečju najvišje v Severni Ameriki, in sicer od Aljaske do Nova Mehika, pri čemer so številna območja označena kot narodnih parkov ki ponujajo možnosti za pohodništvo, kampiranje, smučanje in oglede. Kombinirano Sierra Nevada in Cascade območja so najmlajša. Sierre se raztezajo čez "hrbtenico" Ljubljane Kalifornija, s spletnimi mesti, kot so Jezero Tahoe in Nacionalni park Yosemite, nato se umaknejo še mlajšemu vulkanskemu območju Cascade z nekaterimi najvišjimi točkami v državi.

V središču države je Velike ravnice, ki vključuje celotno datoteko Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, Južna Dakota, Severna Dakotain deli okoliških držav. Za to regijo so značilni dolgi odseki ravnega zemljišča in območja položnih gričev. Sestoji pretežno iz kmetijskih zemljišč in prerij.

Mehiški zaliv je jugovzhodno od Teksas, južno od Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama in Floridaje Panhandle in predstavlja zahodno obalo Floride.

The Velika jezera opredelijo velik del meje med vzhodom ZDA in Kanado. V celinskih morjih je bilo več sladke vode kot jezer, nastala pa so pod pritiskom umikajočih se ledenikov ob koncu zadnje ledene dobe. Pet jezer se razteza na stotine kilometrov in meji na države Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pensilvanija in New York, in njihove obale se razlikujejo od neokrnjenih območij divjine do industrijskih mest "pasu rje".

Podnebje

Čeprav ima večina ZDA a zmerno Podnebje je zelo raznoliko, od arktične tundre na Aljaski do tropskega vremena na Havajih in Južna Florida. The Velike ravnice so suhe, ravne in travnate, prehajajo v puščava na Daljnem zahodu in Sredozemsko vzdolž kalifornijske obale.

V pozimi, večja mesta na severu in srednjem zahodu lahko v enem dnevu snežijo do 60 cm snežnih padavin z nizkimi temperaturami. Poletja so vlažna, a blaga. Temperature nad 38 ° C včasih napadejo Srednji zahod in Velike ravnice. Nekatera območja na severnih ravnicah lahko pozimi občutijo hladne temperature od -30 ° F (-34 ° C). Temperature pod -18 ° C pod 0 ° F včasih dosežejo celo jug Oklahoma.

Podnebje v Južno tudi spreminja. Poleti je vroče in vlažno, toda od oktobra do aprila se vreme lahko giblje med 16 ° C in kratkimi hladnimi obdobji 20 ° F (-7 ° C).

Doživljajo tudi Velike ravnice in srednjezahodne države tornado od pozne pomladi do zgodnje jeseni, prej na jugu in pozneje na severu. Države ob atlantski obali in Mehiškem zalivu lahko doživijo orkani med junijem in novembrom. Te močne in nevarne nevihte pogosto pogrešajo celino ZDA, vendar so evakuacije pogosto naložene in bi jih bilo treba upoštevati.

Skalnat kamni so hladni in zasneženi. Nekateri deli Skalnega gorovja v sezoni vidijo več kot 1.300 cm snega. Tudi poleti so temperature v gorah hladne, sneg pa lahko pade skoraj vse leto. Nezgodno se je v gorah pozimi nepripravljeno povzpeti in ceste skozi njih lahko postanejo zelo poledenele.

Puščave Jugozahod so poleti vroče in suhe, temperature pogosto presegajo 38 ° C. Nevihte lahko na jugozahodu pogosto pričakujemo od julija do septembra. Zime so blage, sneg pa nenavaden. Povprečna letna količina padavin je nizka, običajno manj kot 250 mm.

Hladno in vlažno vreme je večji del leta običajno na obalnem severozahodu (Oregon in Washington zahodno od Cascade Range in severni del Kalifornije zahodno od Coast Ranges / Cascades). Poletja (od julija do septembra) so ponavadi precej suha z nizko vlažnostjo, zaradi česar je idealno podnebje za dejavnosti na prostem. Pozimi je najpogostejši dež, sneg je redek, zlasti ob obali, skrajne temperature pa so redke. Dež pada skoraj izključno od pozne jeseni do zgodnje pomladi vzdolž obale. Vzhodno od kaskad je severozahod precej bolj suh. Velik del celinskega severozahoda je bodisi polsuh ali puščava, zlasti v Oregonu.

Mesta na severovzhodu in zgornjem jugu so znana po poletjih s temperaturami do 32 ° C ali več, z izredno visoko vlažnostjo, običajno nad 80%. To je lahko drastična sprememba z jugozahoda. Visoka vlažnost pomeni, da je temperatura lahko vroča od dejanskih odčitkov. Tudi na severovzhodu snežijo in vsaj enkrat na nekaj let bo belino zavrglo v ogromnih količinah.

Zgodovina

Indijanci, ali Ameriški Indijanci, prispela pred 13.500 do 16.000 leti iz selitvenih ljudstev severovzhodne Azije, ki so prečkala Beringovo ožino v Aljaskain je predstavljal najrazličnejše sofisticirane družbe, ki so obstajale pred prvim prihodom Evropejcev v poznem 15. stoletju. Mississippian kulture so zgradile ogromna naselja na jugovzhodu, Anasazi pa na jugozahodu dovršena mesta ob pečinah. Te družbe so zrušile bolezni starega sveta, kot so črne kozice, vojna in poseganje evropskih naseljencev pa jih je potiskalo na zahod. Njihovo zmanjšano število je privedlo do nadaljnje marginalizacije, čeprav danes njihove kulture trpijo in še naprej prispevajo k ameriškim izkušnjam.

Evropska kolonizacija začela v 16. in 17. stoletju. Anglija, Španija, in Francija pridobil velika imetja; Nizozemska, Švedska, in Rusija ustanovili tudi postojanke. Prve angleške kolonije, ustanovljene leta Jamestown, Virginia (1607) in Plymouth, Massachusetts (1620), tvorili jedro tega, kar je danes znano kot ZDA.

Na severu Massachusetts naselili verski priseljenci - Puritanci - ki je pozneje razširil in ustanovil večino drugih Nova Anglija kolonije, ki ustvarjajo visoko religiozno in idealistično regijo. Tudi druge verske skupine so ustanavljale kolonije, vključno s kvakerji v Ljubljani Pensilvanija in rimskokatoličani v Maryland. Srednje kolonije New York, New Jersey, Delaware in Pensilvanija postalo severno svetovljansko središče.

Daljša sezona rasti v južnih kolonijah, v katerih je še vedno prevladovala Virginia, jim je dala bogatejše kmetijske možnosti, zlasti za bombaž in tobak. Kot v Latinska Amerika in Karibi, uslužbenci, obsojenci in kasneje Afriški sužnji so bili uvoženi in prisiljeni obdelovati velike nasade. Suženjstvo se je izvajalo tako na severu kot na jugu, vendar je njegov večji pomen za južno gospodarstvo sčasoma povzročil izjemne pretrese.

Dvorana neodvisnosti v Ljubljani Philadelphia je bila tam, kjer sta bili pripravljeni Deklaracija o neodvisnosti in Ustava

Do začetka 18. stoletja Velika Britanija je koloniziral atlantsko obalo iz Georgia severno v današnjo Kanado. Zadnja večja britanska selitev na ozemlje, ki bo postalo ZDA, se je zgodila v srednjih desetletjih tistega stoletja, ko je bila naseljena regija Apalačija. Leta 1763 je bila po svetovni sedemletni vojni ustanovljena britanska prevlada v Severni Ameriki. Britanija je delno za financiranje severnoameriških vojnih kampanj, znanih kot francoska in indijska vojna, svojim kolonistom naložila nepriljubljene davke in predpise. Ta hitra revolucija leta 1775 in 4. julija 1776 so kolonisti iz 13 kolonij razglasili neodvisnost. The Revolucionarna vojna trajalo do leta 1783, ko so nove Združene države Amerike pridobile suverenost nad vsemi britanskimi deželami med Atlantikom in Južnoafriško republiko Reka Mississippi. Britanci, ki so bili še vedno zvesti Britancem, so večinoma pobegnili proti severu do današnjega dne Kanada, ki je ostala pod britansko vlado.

Prepiri glede oblikovanja državne vlade so trajali do leta 1787, ko je bila sprejeta ustava. Njegove ideje iz razsvetljenstva o posameznikovi svobodi so od takrat navdihnile ustanovne uredbe mnogih držav. George Washington, vrhovni general revolucionarne vojske, je bil izvoljen za prvega predsednika. Do konca 19. stoletja je bila novo zgrajena Washington DC. je bila ustanovljena kot nacionalna prestolnica.

Nove države so nastale, ko so se beli naseljenci preselili na zahod onstran Apalaškega gorovja. Indijansko prebivalstvo je bilo zaradi vojne in bolezni razseljeno in dodatno ogroženo. 1803 Nakup v Louisiani francoskih dežel zahodno od Mississippija (začrtal Odprava Lewisa in Clarka) dejansko podvojil velikost države in zagotovil "indijsko ozemlje" v današnji Oklahomi za številna indijanska plemena z vzhoda, ki so bila prisilno preseljena med Pot solz iz tridesetih let 20. stoletja.

Nadaljnja nesoglasja z britansko trgovinsko politiko, ki so izhajala iz napoleonskih vojn in vtisa kraljeve mornarice, so privedla do Vojna 1812. Več kot dve leti dramatičnih akcij na kopnem in morju, ki so vključevale invazijo na Kanado in požig Bele hiše in javnih zgradb v Washingtonu DC, iz vojne skoraj ni prišlo do sprememb ozemlja, toda vojna je pospešila ločeno ameriško in kanadsko identitete. V tej vojni je bila zasnovana državna himna, "Zvezdasti prapor". Zahodnoameriška plemena, ki so se postavila na stran Britancev, so močno trpela, saj so njihovo ozemlje dobili beli naseljenci.

Po vojni sta se industrija in infrastruktura močno razširili, zlasti na severovzhodu; glej Ameriška industrijska turneja. Ceste in kanali so bili na prvem mestu in pomagali ljudem pri širjenju v notranjost. Leta 1825 je Eriejev kanal povezal Atlantik z Velikimi jezeri. Do poznih šestdesetih let 20. stoletja so železnice in telegrafske proge povezale vzhodno in zahodno obalo prek industrijskega središča Ljubljane Chicago v Srednji zahod. V začetku 19. stoletja je vrsta verskih preporodov, drugo veliko prebujenje, privedla do različnih reformnih gibanj, ki so si prizadevala za cilje, kot so zmernost, odprava suženjstva in volilna pravica žensk.

Bitka pri Alamu leta 1836 (San Antonio, Teksas) je bil ključni trenutek teksaške revolucije.

Širitev ZDA na jug in zahod se je odcepila na španskem in mehiškem ozemlju. Španija prodala Florida leta 1813 po ameriškem vojaškem posredovanju in uporu ameriških naseljencev v Mehiškem Teksasu leta 1836 ustanovili neodvisno republiko, ki je bila deset let kasneje prevzeta v Unijo. To je sprožilo Mehiško-ameriška vojna v katerem je Mehika izgubila to, kar je zdaj Kalifornija, Nevada, Juta, Arizono, in Nova Mehika, in sosednje ZDA so v bistvu prevzele svoje sodobne obrise. Indijanski Indijanci so bili izseljeni v rezervate in so bili še naprej odstranjeni s pogodbo, vojaško silo in boleznimi naseljencev na Oregonska pot in druge zahodne poti. (Poglej tudi "Stari zahod".)

Zvezno upravljanje je bilo lahko in države so bile zelo avtonomne. V petdesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja je prišlo do nezdružljive razlike med industrializiranimi in bolj mestnimi severnimi državami, ki so v treh desetletjih po revoluciji prepovedale suženjstvo, in podeželskim jugom, odvisnim od nasadov. Mnogi na severu so hoteli uvesti nacionalno prepoved širjenja suženjstva, medtem ko so južne države suženjstvo poskušale razširiti na nova ozemlja. Abolicionisti so upravljali Podzemna železnica vodenje ubežnih sužnjev v severnih državah na svobodo v Ljubljani Kanada. Leta 1861 je enajst južnih držav, ki so se bali marginalizacije in odkrito proti suženjstvu predsednik Abraham Lincoln, se je oddaljil od Unije in ustanovil neodvisno konfederacijsko državo Ameriko. Sledijo Ameriška državljanska vojna ostaja najkrvavejši konflikt na ameriških tleh in je ubil več sto tisoč ljudi. Leta 1865 so prevladale sile Unije, ki so trdno utrdile oblast zvezne vlade nad državami. Suženjstvo je bilo odpravljeno po vsej državi in ​​države Konfederacije so bile v obdobju obnove ponovno sprejete v Unijo. Nekdanji sužnji in njihovi potomci naj bi ostali ekonomsko in socialno podrazred, zlasti na jugu.

Rusija je leta 1867 prodala svoje aljaško ozemlje, ki je bilo v lasti, neodvisni Havaji pa so bili priključeni leta 1898. Odločilna zmaga ZDA nad Španijo leta 1898 Špansko-ameriška vojna pridobila kolonialna ozemlja: Kuba (neodvisnost podelila nekaj let kasneje), Filipini (kmalu zatem neodvisnost druga svetovna vojna), Portoriko in Guam (ki ostajajo ameriške odvisnosti). Meje ZDA so imele obliko, ki jo poznamo danes leta 1959, ko so ozemlja Aljaske in Havajev dobila državnost.

Konec 19. in 20. stoletja so južni in vzhodni Evropejci, ruski Judje in Irci spodbujali nadaljnjo industrializacijo vzhodnih mest z zagotavljanjem poceni delovne sile. Številni južnoafriški Američani so pred revščino in rasizmom na podeželju pobegnili za industrijska dela na severu. Drugi priseljenci, vključno s številnimi Skandinavci in Nemci, so se preselili na novo odprta ozemlja na zahodu in srednjem zahodu, kjer je bila zemlja dana vsem, ki bi jo razvili.

Vstop ZDA v Prva svetovna vojna leta 1917 se je začelo obdobje, v katerem bo postala svetovna velesila. Vendar so se ZDA kmalu po zmagi izognile mednarodnemu sodelovanju in se zavrnile, da bi se pridružile novonastali ligi narodov, kar je dejansko uničilo organizacijo. Realno bogastvo je hitro raslo in v ropotajočih dvajsetih špekulacijah z delnicami se je ustvaril ogromen finančni "balon". Počil je leta 1929, kar je povzročilo svetovno gospodarsko opustošenje EU Velika depresija. Posledica tega pomanjkanja je spodbujala kulturo žrtvovanja in trdega dela, ki bi državi dobro pomagala v prihajajočem konfliktu. Uvedel je tudi predsednika Franklina D. Roosevelta. Njegov "New Deal" je bil vrsta vladnih programov, ki so zgradili na tisoče stavb in mostov po vsej državi, hkrati pa ustvarili osnovo ameriške države blaginje.

Spomenik USS Arizona na Pearl Harbor

Leta 1941 je napadla Japonska Pearl Harbor, havajsko pomorsko oporišče, v katerega so se potopile ZDA druga svetovna vojna na strani zavezniških sil - gl Druga svetovna vojna v Evropi in Pacifiška vojna. ZDA so razvile atomske bombe in jih leta 1945 dvakrat odvrgle na Japonsko, kar je nenadoma končalo vojno. Do konca vojne so se ZDA trdno uveljavile kot prevladujoča svetovna gospodarska sila, odgovorna za skoraj polovico svetovne industrijske proizvodnje. Med naslednjim Hladna vojna, ZDA in ZDA Sovjetska zveza spopadli za oblast, medtem ko so dvorili lastno obojestransko uničenje z jedrskim orožjem. Čeprav se vojna med obema velesilama nikoli ni zgodila, sta bili obe strani posredno vpleteni v prikrite operacije in vojaška prizadevanja prek različnih proxy držav, ki še naprej (pogosto negativno) vplivajo na pogled ljudi na ZDA in njihovo vlogo v globalni politiki.

Stoletje po državljanski vojni so bili temnopolti ljudje, čeprav navidezno enakopravni državljani v skladu s spremembami ameriške ustave po državljanski vojni, trpeli zaradi močne socialne, ekonomske in politične diskriminacije in segregacije, ki jo je sankcionirala država, zlasti na jugu. Gibanje, ki se bori za polne državljanske pravice temnopoltih Američanov, se je okrepilo po drugi svetovni vojni, ko so se vrnjeni temnopolti veterani, ki so se v tujini borili proti rasizmu, vrnili domov in ugotovili, da so še vedno močno diskriminirani. The gibanje za človekove pravice odločno, vendar v veliki meri mirno, se zavzemal za enake pravice. S Martin Luther King, ml., karizmatični pridigar, kot njegov najbolj vidni vodja, se je gibanje uresničilo leta 1963, ko je 200.000–300.000 ljudi preplavilo prestolnico, da bi ga poslušali. Mejnik zakona o državljanskih pravicah, ki je bil sprejet leta 1964, je prepovedal diskriminacijo na podlagi rase, barve kože, vere, spola ali nacionalnega izvora, čeprav takšna diskriminacija še vedno obstaja, večinoma v manj očitnih oblikah. Šele na volitvah Baracka Obame 44 let kasneje leta 2008 bo država dobila svojega prvega afriško-ameriškega predsednika. Oživljeno žensko gibanje v šestdesetih letih je privedlo tudi do obsežnih sprememb v ameriški družbi.

Za povojno Ameriko sta bili značilni bogastvo in industrializacija. Ljudje so zapustili kmetijstvo in se preselili v mesta, da bi postali del vse bolj tehnološko temelječega gospodarstva. Ameriška avtomobilska kultura se je pojavila v petdesetih letih in je bila podprta z izgradnjo celovitega meddržavnega avtocestnega sistema. Ti trendi so privedli tudi do vzpona predmestja in upada javnega prevoza in železniškega prometa, zaradi česar je bilo potovanje po ZDA brez avtomobila še posebej težko do danes. Rezultat so tudi beli let v predmestja številnih ameriških mest, v številnih temnopoltih soseskah pa je ostalo veliko temnopoltih ljudi. Ameriška potrošniška kultura, hollywoodski filmi in številne oblike popularne glasbe so ZDA postavile kot kulturno velesilo na svetu. ZDA so zrasle v eno največjih svetovnih središč visokošolskega izobraževanja in so zdaj dom številnih najprestižnejših univerz na svetu, ki privabljajo več mednarodnih študentov kot katera koli druga država.

Od razpada Sovjetske zveze so ZDA edina velesila na svetu, medtem ko njegovo hegemonijo vedno bolj ogroža vstajajoča Kitajska in Rusija, še naprej ima prevladujočo vojaško, gospodarsko, politično in kulturno vlogo v svetovnih zadevah. Upanja, da se po padcu glavnega ameriškega tekmeca drage in včasih katastrofalne vojne (kot je vietnamska vojna) preteklost žal niso izkazale za resnične. Vse uprave po koncu hladne vojne so se morale v takšni ali drugačni obliki spoprijeti s tem, kar imenujejo grožnja "lopovskih držav", terorizma in hitro spreminjajoče se globalne politične krajine. Teroristični napadi 11. septembra 2001 so do danes še vedno odprta rana in vplivajo na politično razpravo, saj so poostreni varnostni ukrepi na letališčih le eden od načinov, kako je terorizem (ali strah pred njim) prizadel potnike. Ekonomsko se je "velika recesija", ki jo je leta 2007 sprožil propad mehurčka stanovanjskega trga, končala leta 2009, vendar povprečni Američan že vrsto let čuti negativne učinke.

Vlada in politika

ZDA so zvezna republika. Njeni glavni sestavni deli so 50 zveznih držav in okrožje Columbia (Washington D.C.); ima tudi različna otoška ozemlja na Karibih in Tihem oceanu, ki so močno - vendar pogosto ne v celoti - vključena v zvezo.

Zvezna vlada svojo moč izhaja iz ameriške ustave, ki je najstarejša pisna ustava v stalni uporabi. V okviru splošnih zveznih zakonov vsaka država ohranja svojo ustavo, vlado in zakone in tako ohranja znatno avtonomijo znotraj federacije. Državni zakoni se lahko razlikujejo po podrobnostih, vendar so večinoma dokaj enotni od države do države.

The Predsednik je izvoljen vsaka štiri leta in je vodja zvezne vlade in vodja države. Predsednik in njihova uprava tvorijo izvršno vejo. Tudi dvodomni kongres (ki ga sestavljajo spodnji predstavniški dom in zgornji senat) je prav tako ljudsko izvoljen in predstavlja zakonodajno vejo. Vrhovno sodišče je na vrhu sodne veje oblasti. Vlade držav so organizirane podobno, z guvernerji, zakonodajo in sodstvom.

Dve glavni politični stranki prevladujejo na državni in zvezni ravni od konca državljanske vojne: Republikanska stranka (pogosto imenovana tudi GOP, okrajšava za "Grand Old Party") in Demokratska stranka. Od šestdesetih let je Republikanska stranka na splošno postala bolj desničarska ali "konzervativna" stranka, medtem ko je Demokratična stranka običajno bolj levičarska ali "liberalna" od obeh strank. Čeprav obstajajo manjše politične stranke, volilni sistem z zmagovalci pomeni, da jim le redko uspe na kateri koli ravni. Čeprav v večjem delu sveta rdeča in modra označujeta levo usmerjene in desnosmerne stranke, sta v ZDA obrnjeni, tako da so republikanci rdeči, demokrati pa modri.

Kultura

Južna znamenita ulica Bourbon, New Orleans, Louisiana

Združene države Amerike sestavljajo številne raznolike etnične skupine, kultura pa se zelo razlikuje na velikem območju države in celo znotraj mest - v mestu, kot je New York, bo na desetine, če ne celo na stotine, različnih narodnosti, zastopanih v soseski. Kljub tej razliki obstaja močan občutek nacionalne identitete in nekaterih prevladujočih kulturnih lastnosti. Na splošno Američani običajno močno verjamejo v osebno svobodo in odgovornost ter da posameznik sam določa svoj uspeh ali neuspeh, vendar je veliko izjem. Mississippi na jugu se bo kulturno zelo razlikoval od Massachusettsa na severu.

Religija je v ZDA zelo pomembna, saj se 80% ljudi identificira z versko pripadnostjo. Trenutno ocenjujemo, da 49% Američanov pripada krščanski protestantski cerkvi, drugih 23% pa ​​je rimskokatoliških. 5% Američanov pripada nekrščanskim religijam, kot so judovstvo, islam, hinduizem in budizem. Številna podjetja in ustanove so ob nedeljah zaprta, številna območja na jugu in srednjem zahodu pa prepovedujejo izvajanje nekaterih dejavnosti ob nedeljah, medtem ko se nekatera judovska podjetja v soboto zaprejo ob petkih zvečer in sobotah.

Čeprav so ZDA v ustih sekularne države, so v praksi bolj religiozne kot druge zahodne države, kot je npr Avstralija, Kanada in večina Evropski držav. Vendar se ta trend močno razlikuje glede na regijo, zahodna obala in severovzhod pa sta večinoma laična in južna Ameriški jug kot močno evangeličanski kristjan. Razlike v religioznosti so pogosto povezane s politiko, zato so severovzhodna, zahodna obala, Havaji in čikaško velemesto na splošno napredne in demokratične; večina južnih in močno mormonskih držav, kot so Utah, Idaho in Wyoming, je zelo konzervativnih in republikanskih; večji del preostale države (npr. več srednjezahodnih, jugozahodnih / skalnatih gora in južnih obalnih držav) je skoraj enakomerno razdeljen med demokrate in republikance. Vendar je tudi to lahko zavajajoče, saj imajo številne konzervativne države univerzitetna mesta in večja mesta, ki so zelo liberalna, medtem ko imajo liberalne države pogosto zelo konzervativna podeželska območja. Trend zadnjih nekaj desetletij je naraščajoča geografska politična polarizacija. Večina Američanov zdaj živi v okrožjih, kjer je njihova politična nagnjenost večina 20% ali več, mesta pa na splošno postajajo vedno bolj liberalna, medtem ko podeželska območja postajajo vedno bolj konzervativna z izginotjem srednjega sveta.

Prazniki

V državi ni obveznih državnih praznikov. Zvezni prazniki so najbolj centralno usklajeni prazniki, vendar so obvezni samo za zvezno vlado in banke. Vsi uradi zvezne vlade, pošte in banke se ob zveznih praznikih zaprejo, zasebna podjetja pa se lahko odločijo, ali jih bodo upoštevala ali ne.

Skoraj vse države in kraji praznujejo zvezne praznike; večina opazi tudi dodatno peščico svojih. Če zvezni praznik pade na konec tedna, se bo praznovanje premaknilo na najbližji delovni dan (bodisi v petek ali ponedeljek), pri čemer bodo zapore podobne februarskemu dnevu predsednikov. Praznovanja in večje zapiranje trgovin na drobno bodo na letni datum, tudi če je konec tedna.

Čas med zahvalnim dnevom (četrti četrtek v novembru) in 1. januarjem ima tako veliko koncentracijo večjih praznikov, da ga običajno imenujemo "sezona praznikov". V tem obdobju si mnogi privoščijo počitnice, ljudje pa obiščejo družino in prijatelje. Letališča, meddržavne avtoceste, avtobusne postaje in železniške postaje bodo ob velikih praznikih zelo gneče. Če morate potovati, si privoščite dodaten čas za prijavo in počistite varnost. To je tudi glavna sezona obdarovanja: v večini nakupovalnih središč in veleblagovnic bo gneča, zlasti na dan po zahvalnem dnevu, teden pred božičem in dan po božiču.

As in most other countries where alcohol is legal, be careful on the roads at and around major holidays, such as New Year's, Memorial Day, or Independence Day, as there are more drunk drivers on the roads then.

In the list below, federal holidays are listed in krepko ležeče. In addition to federal holidays, the following list includes holidays that may inconvenience travelers, and nationwide celebrations of other events that may be of interest to travelers:

• Novoletni dan (1 January) — most non-retail businesses closed; parades; brunches and football parties.
• Dan Martina Lutherja Kinga (third Monday in January) — many government offices and banks closed; people volunteer in their communities; speeches, especially on African-American history and culture.
• Kitajski ali Lunarno novo leto (January/February — varies based on the lunar calendar) — Chinese-, Korean- and Vietnamese-Americans hold cultural celebrations.
• Super Bowl Sunday (usually the first Sunday in February) — This annual championship game of the National Football League (NFL) is the most-watched sporting event of the year; supermarkets, bars, and electronics stores busy; big football-watching parties.
• (St.) Valentine's Day (14 February) — private celebration of romance and love. Most restaurants are crowded; finer restaurants may require reservations made well in advance.
• Presidents Day ali Washingtonov rojstni dan (third Monday in February) — many government offices and banks closed; many stores have sales.
• Dan svetega Patrika (17 March) — Irish-themed parades and parties. Expect bars to be crowded. They will often feature themed drink specials. The wearing of green clothes or accessories is common.
• Dober petek (the Friday before Easter) — Christian (especially Catholic) religious observances. Some restaurants and shops close. The governments of some states with large Catholic populations (e.g. New Jersey) observe the holiday and close government offices on this day.
• Velika noč (a Sunday in March or April) — Christian religious observances. Many fast-food restaurants are closed, but sit-down restaurants are more likely to be open. Major retailers generally open; smaller shops may or may not close.
• Pasha (varies based on the Jewish calendar, eight days around Easter) — Jewish religious observances. Many American Jews invite non-Jews to their Seder on one of the first two nights. Expect very heavy traffic on Seder afternoons and evenings in areas with large Jewish populations such as the New York Metro Area and South Florida.
• Cinco de Mayo (5 May) — A minor holiday in Mexico that celebrates the 1862 Battle of Puebla against the French, but a major cultural celebration for Mexican-Americans. Expect bars to be crowded, even in places without large Mexican-American communities.
• Materinski dan (second Sunday in May) — Children and adults give gifts to their mothers. Most restaurants are crowded, especially for brunch and lunch; finer restaurants may require reservations made well in advance.
• dan spomina (last Monday in May) — most non-retail businesses closed; some patriotic observances; trips to beaches and parks; traditional beginning of summer tourism season.
• Father's Day (third Sunday in June) — Children and adults give gifts to their fathers. Many restaurants and sporting events are crowded, although not to the same extent as Mother's Day.
• Juneteenth (19 June) — Commemorates the end of slavery in the U.S.; not yet widely celebrated outside majority-Black areas, but observance is spreading as of 2020; civic ceremonies and speeches.

4th of July fireworks in Washington D.C.

• Independence Day/Fourth of July (4 July) — most non-retail businesses closed; patriotic parades and concerts, cookouts and trips to beaches and parks, fireworks at dusk, often continuing well into the night. Almost every town puts on some sort of festivity to celebrate the day.
• Dan dela (first Monday in September) — most non-retail businesses closed; cookouts and trips to beaches and parks; many stores have sales; traditional ending of summer tourism season.
• Rosh Hashanah in Yom Kippur (varies based on the Jewish calendar, September or early October) — Jewish religious observances.
• Kolumbov dan (second Monday in October) — many government offices and banks closed; some stores have sales. Italian-themed parades in some cities. Columbus Day can be controversial, especially among Native Americans and Latinos, and is not as widely observed as it was in the past. In some places, Columbus Day has been renamed as Indigenous People's Day, with celebrations of tribal cultures occurring.
• Noč čarovnic (31 October) — Children dress up in costume and go trick-or-treating (knocking on other houses' doors to get candy and other treats). There are spooky attractions, such as haunted corn mazes, hayrides and costume parties. Some small family-owned shops and restaurants may close early in the evening. Adults get in on the action too: boozy Halloween parties and bar-hopping in costume is common.
• Veterans Day (11 November) — government offices and banks closed; some patriotic observances.
• Thanksgiving Day (fourth Thursday in November) — Family dinners with roast turkey as the centerpiece; many people fly or drive to visit extended family. New York City in Chicago host parades, Detroit and many other cities hold races. Many other smaller events fill the landscape, including a recreation of the original Thanksgiving dinner in Plymouth, Massachusetts. Airports are extremely crowded on the Wednesday before and Sunday after Thanksgiving. Most businesses closed, including grocery stores and many restaurants.
• Črni petek (day after Thanksgiving) — Major Christmas shopping traditionally begins, most stores have sales and many open in the very early morning (with a few now opening on Thanksgiving night). Most non-retail employees are given Friday off or take it as a vacation.
• Hanukkah/Chanukah (varies based on the Jewish calendar, eight days usually in December) — Jewish religious observances, often culturally associated with Christmas.
• Božič (25 December) — Families and close friends exchange gifts; Christian religious observances. Almost all businesses, grocery stores, and many restaurants closed the evening before and all day. Some government offices close at noon on the 24th, with everything closed on the 25th. However, many Chinese and Jewish businesses remain open.
• Kwanzaa (26 December – 1 January) — African-American cultural observances.
• New Year's Eve (31 December) — many restaurants and bars open late; lots of parties, especially in big cities. Some government offices close at noon.

All U.S. embassies are closed on the federal holidays in addition to the holidays of the host country.

Merske enote

Poglej tudi: Metrični in carski ekvivalenti

The United States is the only industrialized country that eschews the metric system. Instead it uses "customary units" (feet, miles, gallons, pounds, etc.), which are largely derived from the English units of the 18th century, and are sometimes different from the imperial units that occasionally linger in Britain. Road distances are given in miles and speed limits in miles per hour (1 mile is 1.61 km, or 1 km is 0.62 miles). One of the more confusing things is that an "ounce" can be either a measure of weight or (as a "fluid ounce") a measure of volume. ZDA fluid ounce is also slightly larger than its imperial counterpart, while U.S. gallons, quarts and pints are smaller than their counterparts. Gasoline and other liquids are usually sold per gallon, quart, or fluid ounce (a U.S. gallon is 3.78 liters, so a U.S. quart [a kvarter gallon] is slightly less than a liter). Beverages such as soda are sometimes sold by the liter and other times sold by the fluid ounce, with just under 34 ounces to a liter. Temperatures are usually reported in Fahrenheit only; 32° is actually freezing, not warm! Most cars' speedometers show both miles and kilometers per hour (good for trips to Canada and Mexico), and almost all packaged foods and other products are labeled in both systems. Outside of science, medicine and the military, there is little day-to-day exposure to the metric system, so Americans will assume you understand the U.S. customary measures.

There is no formal regulation of clothes or shoe sizes, and the only thing you can count on is that sizes tend to be consistent within the same brand. For shoe sizes some trial and error will be needed for each model.

Časovni pasovi

Time zones of the U.S. as of 2007; nowadays, some Indiana counties have moved to Eastern time

Taking into consideration even the small territories in the Pacific Ocean (some of which cannot be easily accessed) the U.S. spans eleven time zones. Just four time zones are used in the contiguous 48 states, with an additional two covering Alaska and Hawaii. Time zone borders do not always correspond to state borders.

• Eastern Time (UTC-5): Maine, New hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, Michigan except extreme northwestern counties, Indiana except the southwest and northwest corners, Ohio, Pensilvanija, New Jersey, vzhodni Kentucky, Zahodna Virginija, Virginia, Washington DC., Maryland, Delaware, vzhodni Tennessee, Severna Karolina, Georgia, juzna Carolina, Florida except western part of panhandle.
• Central Time (UTC-6): Wisconsin, Illinois, the southwest and northwest corners of Indiana, western Kentucky, western and middle Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri, Arkansas, Louisiana, north and east Severna Dakota, vzhodni Južna Dakota, middle and eastern Nebraska, večina Kansas, Oklahoma, večina Teksas, part of western Florida(panhandle).
• Mountain Time (UTC-7): southwest Severna Dakota, western Južna Dakota, western Nebraska, a sliver of Kansas, Montana, a sliver of Oregon, Južni Idaho, Wyoming, Juta, Kolorado, Arizono, Nova Mehika, a corner of Teksas, Zahodni Wendover, Nevada
• Pacific Time (UTC-8): Washington, northern Idaho, večina Oregon, Kalifornija, Nevada except West Wendover
• Alaska Time (UTC-9): Aljaska, razen Aleutski otoki
• Hawaii-Aleutian Time (UTC-10): Havaji, Aleutski otoki

Most parts of the U.S. observe Daylight Saving Time; Hawaii and Arizona (except the Navajo Nation) do not.

Govori

Almost all Americans speak angleščina. Most Americans speak in accents that are recognizably similar to one another and to one traditionally associated with the Midwest, which was popularized in the 20th century by American radio, TV and movies. Although many Americans can discern differences between quite a few accents, the ones most likely to be heard as distinctive by foreign visitors include those commonly spoken in the South and Texas, the Boston area, the New York City area, the upper Midwest and Hawaii.

American English differs somewhat from the English spoken in other parts of the English speaking world. These differences are mostly minor, and primarily around minor spelling and pronunciation differences. One important difference, though, is that dates are always written MM/DD/YYYY or MM/DD. See the article on Angleške jezikovne sorte for a detailed discussion.

Many African-Americans and some other Americans also speak African-American Vernacular English (AAVE), which has somewhat different grammar and vocabulary from styles of American English usually regarded as standard. Nearly all African-Americans can switch back and forth between AAVE and standard American English effortlessly. Generally, if you are not African-American, you should not try to speak AAVE, even if it's spoken to you; it would be considered odd and possibly offensive. Spanglish — an admixture of Spanish and English — is similarly commonplace in many areas with large Hispanic populations, and code-switching between Spanglish and standard American English is similarly commonplace.

Visitors are generally expected to speak and understand English. While many Americans study a foreign language in school (overwhelmingly Spanish followed by French), few progress past the basics. Popular tourist sites often have signs and information available in other languages. Americans have a long history of immigration and are very accommodating towards foreign accents, and will sometimes take the effort to help you by speaking in a more standard accent. Major cities often have groups of foreign language learners who meet up regularly to practice their language skills, and these can be a good way to meet locals if you speak the language in question. Meetup.com is the most popular web-site listing many of these groups, though other less well-known web-sites also exist.

španski is the first language of Puerto Rico and a large minority of residents on the mainland (with the fifth-largest Spanish speaking population in the world). Spanish speakers in the United States are often Puerto Ricans or first- and second-generation immigrants from Latin America. As a result, the Spanish spoken is almost invariably a Latin American dialect. Spanish is the primary second language in many parts of the United States such as California, the Southwest, Texas, Florida, and the metropolitan areas of Chicago and New York City. Many of these areas have Spanish-language radio and television stations, with local, national and Mexican programs. Most publications from the federal government, and those of some state and municipal governments are available in Spanish. Many establishments and government offices in major commercial and tourist areas have Spanish-speaking staff on duty, and it is possible with some difficulty to get by in the major cities and main tourist attractions speaking only Spanish.

You may encounter other languages in some regions, like Hawaiian, French, American Indian languages (Navajo being the most commonly spoken one), Yiddish, and Pennsylvania Dutch. These are covered in regional articles.

American Sign Language (ASL) is the dominant sign language in the United States. When events are interpreted, they will be interpreted in ASL. Users of French Sign Language and other related languages may find ASL intelligible, as they share much vocabulary, but users of Japanese Sign Language, British Sign Language, or Auslan will not. Closed-captioning on television is widespread, but far from ubiquitous. Many theaters offer FM loops or other assistive listening devices, but captioning and interpreters are rarer.

For the blind, many signs and displays include Braillova pisava transcriptions of the printed English. Larger restaurant chains, museums, and parks may offer Braille menus and guidebooks, but you'll likely have to ask for them.

Vstopi

COVID-19 informacije: Entry will be denied to foreign nationals who have been to China, Iran, the Schengensko območje, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Brazil or South Africa in the past 14 days, except immediate family of U.S. citizens and permanent residents. The Canadian and Mexican borders are closed to non-essential travel. All air passengers permitted to travel to the U.S., including U.S. citizens, must take a COVID-19 test within three days of their departure with a confirmed negative result, or show documented proof that they have recovered from COVID-19. Airlines have been directed to refuse boarding to those who do not meet these requirements. All travelers, upon arrival in the United States, should stay home for 10 days per the guidelines established by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). This time is shortened to 7 dni for those who choose to take a COVID test 3-5 days after arrival. Travelers that are fully vaccinated against COVID-19 (at least 14 days since the final dose): Must still present a negative COVID-19 test result before departing for the United States Do not need to quarantine upon arrival in the United States, and Moral bi take a COVID test 3-5 days after arrival Upoštevajte to state and local mandates may supersede all of these recommendations, even if fully vaccinated, so it is important to check on any requirements prior to travel.

(Information last updated 07 Apr 2021)

The United States has exceptionally onerous and complicated visa requirements. Read up carefully before your visit, especially if you need to apply for a visa, and consult the Urad za konzularne zadeve. Travellers have been refused entry for many reasons, often trivial. Since 2019, visitors to the US have also been required to fully document mobile phone numbers, e-mail addresses and on-line identities they've used in the past five years, during the application process.

Planning and pre-arrival documentation

Visa-free entry

Dobrodošli!

Citizens of the 38 countries within the Visa Waiver Program (VWP), as well as Canadians and Bermudians do not require visas for entry into the United States. Kanadčani in Bermudians are normally allowed to visit for up to six months. Permanent residents of Canada are ne eligible for visa-free entry, unless they are also citizens of a country that participates in the Visa Waiver Program, or one of the separate provisions for a few other countries.

The Visa Waiver Program permits visa-free stays of up to 90 dni; it applies to citizens of Andorra, Austria, Australia, Belgium, Brunei, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Monaco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, San Marino, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan (must include ID card number), and the United Kingdom (must have right of abode in the UK, Channel Islands or Isle of Man).

Citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau may enter, reside, study, and work in the U.S. indefinitely with only a valid passport.

Citizens of the Bahamas may apply for visa-free entry samo at the U.S. Customs pre-clearance facilities in the Bahamas, but a valid police certificate that was issued within the last six months is required for those over the age of 14. Attempting to enter through any other port of entry requires a valid visa.

Citizens of the Turks and Caicos Islands may enter the U.S. without a visa samo if they are travelling on a direct flight from there, but a valid police certificate issued within the last six months is required for those over the age of 14. Attempting to enter from any other country requires a valid visa.

Cayman Islands citizens, if they intend to travel directly to the U.S. from there, may obtain a single-entry visa waiver for about $25 prior to departure. A valid police certificate that was issued within the last three months is required for those over the age of 13. Attempting to enter from any other country will require you to have a valid visa.

With only a few exceptions — traffic violations, civil infractions (npr. littering, noise violations, disorderly conduct), purely political offenses (npr. non-violent protest in countries where it is not allowed), and offenses committed before the age of 16 — a criminal record will likely revoke any right to visa-free travel to the U.S. Anyone with a criminal record, including Canadians and Bermudians, should seek advice from a U.S. embassy on whether they need to obtain a visa.

Visa Waiver Program requirements

Visa restrictions: Under new rules passed in 2015, travellers who have visited Iran, Iraku, Libija, Severna Koreja, Somalija, Sudan, Sirija ali Jemnu on or after March 1, 2011, are not eligible to enter under the VWP. They remain eligible to apply for a regular tourism or business visa – at the expense of more cost and hassle than with the Visa Waiver Program (VWP).Similarly, dual citizens who hold the citizenship of Iran, Iraq, Sudan, or Syria in addition to a nationality otherwise eligible for a visa waiver cannot enter under the VWP.

The program is open only to travellers who are in the United States for tourism or business purposes. You cannot be coming to the U.S. for formal education, to get a job, or to conduct journalism; if you are, you must get an appropriate visa in advance no matter how short your trip to the U.S. may be.

The 90-day limit is not extendable. A short trip to Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean will not allow a fresh 90 days upon return to the U.S. An extended absence to the neighboring countries may reset the limit, particularly if your first trip to the U.S. was short. Take care if transiting through the U.S. on a trip around North America that exceeds 90 days.

Having a criminal record, having been refused entry, or having been denied a U.S. visa will make you ineligible to enter on the VWP; you will have to apply for a U.S. visa instead.

Entry under the VWP by air or sea requires the completion of an online form and a payment of $14, preferably 72 hours before arrival. The form is called the Electronic System for Travel Authorization (ESTA). ESTA approval covers multiple trips and is valid for two years (unless your passport expires earlier). This requirement is waived if entering by land.

All passports must be biometric. If your passport is an older one that was issued before biometric passports were available, you will need to obtain a new passport to travel to the U.S. on the VWP.

Entry under the VWP by air or sea requires travel with a signatory carrier. Any commercial scheduled services to the U.S. will be fine, but if you are on a chartered flight or vessel you should check the status of the carrier, as you may require a visa. Flying your own personal aircraft, or sailing your own personal yacht to the U.S. will require you to obtain a tourist visa in advance.

Travellers entering by air or sea should also have a return or onward ticket out of the United States. This requirement is not necessary for residents of Canada, Mexico, Bermuda, or the Caribbean.

Entry under the VWP does not allow you to change your immigration status, and if you are denied entry, the decision can't be appealed and you will immediately be placed on the first flight out.

Obtaining a visa

For the rest of the world, the visa application fee is a non-refundable $160 (as of October 2018) for visas that are not issued on the basis of a petition and $190 for those that are; this fee is waived under very limited circumstances, namely for people requesting certain exchange visitor visas.

Depending on your nationality and the category of visa you are requesting, you may need to pay an additional fee (ranging from $7–200) only if the visa is issued. To se imenuje a reciprocity fee and is charged by the U.S. to match the fees charged by other countries on U.S. citizens.

Additionally, Chinese (PRC) citizens (that is, anyone travelling to the US on a PRC passport) must enroll v Electronic Visa Update System (EVUS) for travel into the United States on any 10-year B-type visa. The enrollment is valid for two years (or until passport/visa expiry, whichever comes first) before it needs to be updated again.

The Immigration and Nationality Act states that all persons requesting entry into the U.S. as non-immigrants are presumed to be immigrants until they overcome that presumption by showing evidence of "binding ties" to their home country, and sufficient proof that the visit will be temporary. Applicants also need to demonstrate that they are genuinely entitled to the visa they are applying for. Face-to-face interviews at the nearest U.S. embassy or consulate are required for almost all nationalities, and waits for interview slots and visa processing can add up to several months.

Embassies are closed on U.S. holidays in on holidays of the host country, so you need to know both holidays when setting dates to apply for a visa. You should start planning your trip far in advance, as the application process is known to take up to six months.

Do not assume anything. Check on documentation requirements with the Ameriško zunanje ministrstvo or with the nearest U.S. consulate.

Your visa is generally not tied to your permitted length of stay; for example, a 10-year visa does not allow a stay of 10 years. On the other hand, you can enter the country on the last day of validity of your visa and still be allowed to stay, for example, up to 180 days as a tourist.

Statue of Liberty, New York City

Travel to U.S. possessions

America's overseas possessions have slightly different rules. See each destination's article for details.

In brief, Guam, Portoriko, Ameriški Deviški otoki in Severno Marianski otoki all have the same entry requirements as the 50 states. However, Guam and the Northern Marianas apply the visa waiver program to a few additional countries, while the U.S. Virgin Islands also allows visa-free entry to citizens of the British Virgin Islands.

Ameriška Samoa lies outside the federal immigration jurisdiction and has separate entry requirements.

Arriving in the United States

Priseljevanje

Poglej tudi: Globalni vstop, NEXUS

On arrival, you will be questioned briefly at immigration to determine if your purpose of entry matches your visa class. If you are unable to convince immigration officers that you intend to abide by the terms of your visa, you will be refused entry and deported.

Once they decide to let you in, you are fingerprinted in a digital photograph je zaseden. Entry will be denied if either of these procedures is refused.

At selected airports, Canadian and VWP nationals may be able to use automated passport control (APC) kiosks to record their passport and biometric details. Household members traveling together can do this at once. VWP nationals need to have ESTA clearance, and have entered the U.S. at least once since 2008. If successful, the traveller gets a receipt and goes to the designated CBP desk to continue the inspection process. Canadians and other selected nationals may be eligible to participate in various trusted traveler programs such as Globalni vstop in NEXUS, which allow pre-approved passengers to use a designated kiosk for the inspection process. Unlike APC, these programs require prior application, background checks, an interview, and an application fee, but allows the passenger to bypass intense questioning and skip the lines at immigration for up to 5 years.

Ker marijuana is illegal under federal law, if you have consumed marijuana or invested in the marijuana industry, you can be banned from entering the United States. This is true even if marijuana is legal in your country and even if it's also legal in the state you're trying to enter. Border officials don't usually ask about marijuana, but if they see a reason to ask, they might. Even a single copy of "High Times" magazine or anything similar is enough to draw suspicion. If you admit to having used marijuana (or any other drug illegal under U.S. federal law) or invested in the industry, or if you are caught lying about it, you can be turned back and banned for life from entering the country. To appeal the ban, you have to apply for a $585 waiver.

Carina

Each household (i.e. family members living and traveling together) needs to complete one customs declaration form. Travellers eligible for APC, as well as Global Entry and NEXUS members, can do this electronically using the respective kiosks and need not fill up the paper form. Those eligible for Mobile Passport Control (U.S. citizens and some Canadian citizens) also do not need to fill out the form, provided they have completed the app's questions and have a QR code ready to go. Detailed and up-to-date information on prohibited and restricted items can be found at the relevant government website.

Do not attempt to import items originating from countries against which the U.S. has imposed economic sanctions (Kuba, Iran, Sirija in Sudan); they will be confiscated by customs if discovered. An exception to this rule is cigars and alcoholic beverages (mainly rum) originating from Cuba. With the ongoing thaw in U.S.–Cuban relations, the U.S. has lifted sanctions against importation of these items for personal use (limits are the same as for tobacco and alcohol originating elsewhere).

The United States has very strict biosecurity laws, and imposes restrictions on the types of food that may be brought into the country. In general, fresh food may not be brought into the country, though some types of processed, commercially packaged food may be allowed, depending on the country of origin. Preverite pri Ministrstvo za kmetijstvo ZDA (USDA) za več podrobnosti. Vse food and plant items being brought into the country must declared and inspected by customs, even if permitted. Failure to declare agricultural products can result in a fine, or in serious cases even prosecution.

Besides your personal effects, which will go home with you, you are allowed to import individual gifts with a value of $100 or less per item. If you're 21 years of age or older, you may also import limited quantities of tobak in alkohol products duty-free:

• Up to 200 cigarettes (one carton), or up to 50 cigars, or up to 2 kg of loose tobacco products such as snuff, or a proportional combination thereof.
• Up to 1 liter of alcohol. Unlike some countries, the one-liter restriction applies irrespective of strength: a fifth of Scotch at 40% ABV or a standard 750 mL bottle of wine at 14% ABV are both within the allowance, but a six-pack of 12-ounce beers at 5% ABV is almost 2 liters and is over the duty-free allowance.

If you are over the alcohol exemption by a small amount (e.g. a six pack of beer or a second bottle of wine) most customs officers will let this slide for wine and beer if you've made a full and accurate declaration. Anything more than this, or any hard spirits over the limit will likely result in duty and tax being assessed, the amount of which depends in part on the state you're entering to and the country the goods are from. (Duty from Canada, for example, is minimal owing in part to NAFTA.) Customs officers do not show this leniency with tobacco products; expect to pay if you are even one cigarette over!

A reasonable quantity of parfum ali cologne can also be imported provided the brand is not under a "Trademark Restriction in the United States". There is no restriction on the amount of denarja you can bring into or out of the U.S. However, if you are travelling with $10,000 or more (or its equivalent in foreign currency) per household, you must declare it on your customs form and you will be given a special form to fill out; not declaring exposes you to a fine and possible seizure of that cash. Checks, bonds and other financial instruments must also be declared. ATM/Debit cards linked to non-U.S. bank accounts carrying the said amount do not need to be declared (although your bank may impose some withdrawal restrictions and fees to access this money in the U.S.).

The U.S. possessions of American Samoa, Guam, the Northern Marianas Islands, and U.S. Virgin Islands are outside the federal customs jurisdiction and each have their own separate requirements. Travel between these regions and the rest of the U.S. requires a customs check. There are some differences (mostly larger) in duty exemptions for U.S. citizens returning from these destinations.

Leaving the United States

Thinking of Overstaying?: Overstaying the period granted at passport control or violating your terms of entry (e.g. work on a B1/B2 status) will automatically invalidate your visa. It will also make it extremely difficult to re-enter the United States and may also bar you from re-entry for at least three years, if not permanently. If you overstayed on the Visa Waiver Program, you will need a visa za vse future visits. If you overstay for compelling reasons such as medical emergencies and flight delays or cancellations, you will need to keep immigration officials informed of your situation in order to avoid any of the above sanctions.

Unlike most countries, the U.S. has no formal passport control upon exit, especially for those travelling by air or sea. As such, your airline or shipping company will document your departure and report it to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP). The CBP then updates your immigration record. Aliens who arrived in the U.S. by air or sea after mid-2013, and depart by air or sea do not need to do anything further.

If you fall into one of the following categories, you may need to take further action to actively prove that you left the U.S. on time:

1. last arrived in the U.S. before mid-2013 through any means (when the paper I-94 card was still physically issued to foreigners): turn over the I-94 card to the airline staff at check-in, or to the Canadian or Mexican immigration officer if departing by land
2. arrived in the U.S. via land or private vehicles (paper I-94 cards are still issued here): turnover the I-94 card to the airline staff at check-in, or to the Canadian or Mexican immigration officer if departing by land
3. left the U.S. via land or private vehicles: save any evidence that you were outside the U.S. before your authorised stay expired

In any case, on future visits, consider bringing the necessary documents to prove you left legally. U.S. Customs and Border Protection has informacije about what to do if your slip is not collected.

If you take a side trip to Canada or Mexico by land and return within 30 days or the allowed time of your stay (whichever is shorter), you may re-enter the U.S. provided that you do not yet return any issued I-94 card before you proceed to Canada or Mexico. This can also be done even if you entered the U.S. on a single-entry visa, or the visa you entered the U.S. with has expired. However, you will only be admitted for the remainder of your original allowed time; the deadline to leave the U.S. won't be extended by just leaving for somewhere else in North America. If you return the I-94 while on the side trip, you will have to apply all over again to enter the U.S. (which means a new visa for single-entry visa holders) and be subject to the usual questioning.

Try to avoid re-entering the U.S. a few days, weeks or months after one visit. Even if you don't overstay, planning several U.S. visits spaced shortly after each other may be interpreted by immigration officers as "immigrant intent" and cause you grief.

Z letalom

Enhanced Security Measures: Passengers on flights to the United States are subject to rigorous checks and security measures prior to boarding. This may include a comprehensive bag search, and rigorous questioning by security personnel for all passengers prior to being allowed to board the aircraft. Arrive at the check-in counter at least 3 hours before your scheduled departure time, and at the boarding gate early so you have enough time to complete all security procedures.

Seattlu skyline

Most visitors from outside Canada and Mexico arrive in the United States by plane. While many medium sized inland cities have an international airport, there are limited flights to most of these and most travelers find themselves entering the U.S. at one of the major entry points along the coasts. The international airports in Atlanta (ATL ^IATA), New York City (EWR ^IATA & JFK ^IATA; za all airports, New York ^IATA), Los Angeles (LAX ^IATA), Chicago (NAROČI ^IATA; for all airports, CHI ^IATA), San Francisco (SFO ^IATA), Seattlu (MORJE ^IATA), Miami (MIA ^IATA) in Houston (IAH ^IATA) are the main points of entry to the United States by plane.

Diamond Head & Waikiki Beach, Honolulu, Havaji

In general, major cities on the east coast have the best connections to Europe, Africa, the Caribbean and the Middle East, while major cities on the west coast have the best connections to East Asia, Southeast Asia and Oceania. Most sizeable cities would be served by at least one flight to a major Canadian city, while New York City, Miami, Los Angeles and Houston generally provide the best connections to Latin America. Direct air travel from Kuba was restored to Miami after a 55-year embargo was relaxed in 2014, but some restrictions continue to apply; glej Američani na Kubi Članek.

The "big three" carriers, United Airlines, American Airlines in Delta Air Lines, are among the largest airlines in the world, and operate flights from various cities around the globe into their respective hubs. Other smaller U.S.-based airlines also fly internationally, though options are usually limited to destinations within the Americas. Večina glavnih evropskih in vzhodnoazijskih letalskih družb leti tudi iz svojih držav v več glavnih vozlišč, z British Airways zlasti imajo eno najbolj celovitih omrežij v ameriška mesta od njihovega vozlišča v Ljubljani LondonHeathrow.

ZDA zahtevajo popolne formalnosti vstopa tudi za mednarodni tranzit. Če običajno potrebujete vizum za obisk ZDA in ga ne morete izogibajte se tranzitu, potrebovali boste vsaj tranzitni vizum C-1. Če prestopate na notranji let, morate na prvi postaji v ZDA opraviti carino in priseljevanje; poskrbite, da boste imeli dovolj časa za kakršna koli nakazila.

Večina letališč ima blizu izhoda zid "vljudnih telefonov" z opisom in cenami motelov na tem območju. Te motele lahko pokličete brezplačno in povprašate za sobo. Na letališče vas bo pripeljal prevoz z letališča. Prevozi so običajno brezplačni, vozniku pa morate dati napotke.

Varnost letališča

TSA odobrena ključavnica s simbolom

Varnost na ameriških letališčih je zahtevna, zlasti v času zasedenih počitnic. Vzemite si dovolj časa (vsaj 15 minut, včasih tudi več kot 1 uro) in spakirajte čim lažje. Varnost ureja Uprava za varnost prometa (TSA). Odrasli se morajo pokazati odobreni osebni dokument s fotografijo (dovolj je potni list).

Ko se povezujete z mednarodnega leta, vse potniki morajo opraviti varnostni pregled, da nadaljujejo nadaljnji let, potem ko opravijo carinske preglede priseljevanja in carinstva. To pomeni vse tekočine in prepovedane predmete (po pravilih TSA), ki so bili kupljeni v trgovini brez carin ali dovoljeni za prevoz s tujega letališča, se morajo po prihodu s carinskega območja in pred ponovnim pregledom prtljage ponovno spakirati v prijavljeno prtljago. Na večini letališč je zunaj carinske postaje prijavni pult ali tekoči trak za potnike v tranzitu, da ponovno preverijo svojo prtljago. Predmetov ni mogoče ponovno pakirati ali preurejati pred carinskimi pregledi na območju za prevzem prtljage.

Obstajajo omejitve glede tekočine (vključno z geli, aerosoli, kremami in pastami) v ročni prtljagi. Poskrbite, da bodo tekočine shranjene v posodah, ki ne presegajo 100 ml. Vse posode morajo biti nameščene v eno plastično vrečko z zadrgo, ki je velika 1 quart (946 ml) ali manj. Na potnika je dovoljena samo ena taka vreča s toliko tekočine. Zdravila (vključno s fiziološko raztopino za kontaktne leče) in prehrana za dojenčke in otroke so izvzeta, vendar jih je treba dodatno testirati; obvestite agente TSA, če nosite te predmete, shranite jih ločeno od drugih tekočin in jih vnaprej jasno označite.

Če želite zakleniti oddano prtljago, TSA zahteva uporabo posebnih ključavnic, ki imajo sistem zaklepanja Travel Sentry TSA. Te ključavnice lahko uradniki TSA odprejo z glavnim ključem, če želijo pregledati vašo torbo. Če vaša ključavnica ni ena od TSA-odobrenih ključavnic, jo bo TSA odprl in ne boste upravičeni do odškodnine za škodo.

Predčiščenje

Iz Kanade

Potniki, katerih potovanja se začnejo na večjih kanadskih letališčih in vključujejo ameriške ali kanadske prevoznike, bodo ponavadi lahko v kanadskem izstopnem pristanišču opravili vstopne formalnosti v ZDA (nadzor potnih listov in carine). Ti leti se obravnavajo enako kot ameriški domači leti, večina kanadskih prevoznikov pa se nahaja v ameriških domačih terminalih ali dvoranah na večini letališč. Nekatera letališča (na primer letališče LaGuardia v New Yorku), ki nimajo carin in imigracijskih zmogljivosti, prejmejo predhodno odobrene lete iz Kanade.

Potniki na ameriško-kanadskih letih, ki jih opravljajo tuji prevozniki, kot sta Philippine Airlines in Cathay Pacific, in tisti z manjših kanadskih letališč, ki nimajo naprav za predhodno dovoljenje, bodo ob prihodu na prvo ameriško postajo še vedno naleteli na formalnosti vstopa; morda bo potreben kanadski tranzitni vizum, tudi če so potniki ves čas tranzita zaprti na območju zadrževanja.

Nekatera letališča v Kanadi, vključno z Vancouver Mednarodno letališče, terminal 1 od Toronto- letališče Pearson in Montréal- Letališče Trudeau običajno ne zahteva, da potniki v tranzitu iz tujine preidejo kanadski carinski in priseljenski nadzor, preden opravijo formalnosti pred dovoljenjem ZDA. Tudi če greste skozi ta letališča, se prepričajte, da so vaši dokumenti, da boste lahko vstopili v Kanado: če ne morete potovati v ZDA istega dne, ko greste skozi predhodno dovoljenje, če niste dovoljeni za vstop na Združene države, ali če vas in / ali vaše prtljage letalski prevoznik ne pregleda vsaj do vašega prvega cilja v ZDA, se morate prijaviti kanadski carini; morda bo potreben kanadski tranzitni ali vizum za začasno prebivanje. Ta dogovor ne velja v obratni smeri, kar pomeni, da morate ob odhodu skozi kanadsko carino in priseljevanje.

Iz drugih držav

Objekti za predhodno čiščenje so na voljo na mednarodnem letališču Queen Beatrix v Ljubljani Aruba, Grand Bahama in mednarodna letališča Lynden Pindling v Ljubljani Bahami, Bermudi Mednarodno letališče, Dublin in Shannon Mednarodna letališča v Ljubljani Irska, in Abu Dhabi Mednarodno letališče v Ljubljani Združeni Arabski Emirati.

Potniki na letih British Airways iz London do New Yorka, ki vozi prek Dublina ali Shannona na Irskem, lahko izkoristi nadzor ameriškega potnega lista in carinsko dovoljenje v Dublinu ali Shannonu.

Z avtom

	COVID-19 informacije: Meje ZDA s Kanado in Mehiko so zaprte zaradi nebistvenih potovanj.
	(Podatki so bili nazadnje posodobljeni 11. decembra 2020)

Vizumske omejitve: Vse osebe, ki želijo v ZDA vstopiti po kopnem mora imeti veljaven potni list; NEXUS, HITRO, Globalni vstop, SENTRI ali potni list; Laserski vizum; ali "izboljšano vozniško dovoljenje" (izdale so ga nekatere države ZDA in kanadske province)

Meji med ZDA in Kanado ter ZDA in Mehiko sta dve najpogosteje prečkani meji z milijoni prehodov dnevno. Povprečne čakalne dobe so do 30 minut, vendar nekateri najbolj prometni prehodi naletijo na precejšnje zamude - približujejo se 1-2 uri v konicah (vikendi, prazniki). Trenutni čakalni časi (posodobljeni na uro) so na voljo na Spletno mesto ameriške carinske službe. Meja med ZDA in Mehiko je donosna za trgovino z mamili, zato lahko vozila, ki prečkajo, rentgensko posname ali išče pes, ki njuha droge. Če obstaja sum, bo vaše vozilo mogoče preiskati. Ker je to prepogost dogodek, ne pričakujte potrpljenja mejnih agentov.

Tujci, ki vstopajo po kopnem, morajo ob prehodu meje plačati 6 USD. Če ste potovali v Kanado ali Mehiko in preprosto vstopite v ZDA, se pristojbina ne plača.

Z avtobusom

Greyhound ponuja poceni čezmejne storitve iz Kanade in Mehike. Nekatere poti, kot je Toronto do Buffala, imajo urno storitev. Megabus ZDA vodi tudi vsakodnevna potovanja iz Toronta (ki je tudi vozlišče za Megabus Canada) v New York City prek Buffalo za samo 1 USD.

Ena od poti mestnega avtobusnega sistema Ljubljane Windsor, Ontario (predorski avtobus) potnike pelje do Detroit - pešci ali kolesa niso dovoljeni na mostu, v predoru ali na trajektu.

Potniki avtobusov so pogosto pod nadzorom ameriških carinikov kot potniki avtomobilov ali vlakov.

Otok Ellis, glavni zgodovinski kraj za priseljence iz Evrope, Afrike, Bližnjega vzhoda in delov Južne Amerike.

Moj čoln

Vstop po morju danes ni zelo pogost. Najpogostejša vstopna mesta za zasebne čolne so Los Angeles, ali Florida in druge vzhodne obalne države. Obstaja nekaj potniških trajektov iz Kanade, večinoma med Britanska Kolumbija in Država Washington ali Aljaska.

Cunard ponuja čezatlantsko potovanje z ladjo med Združenim kraljestvom in New Yorkom.

Trajekti med Britanska Kolumbija in Washington države obravnavajo kot kopenski mejni prehodi in ne kot vstopne točke na morju. To pomeni, da ESTA za obiskovalce VWP ni potrebna, vendar bodo morali obiskovalci, ki vstopajo v ZDA, plačati vstopnino v višini 6 USD, ki se zaračuna na kopenskih mejnih prehodih.

Z vlakom

Amtrak ponuja mednarodne storitve iz kanadskih mest Vancouver (Amtrakove kaskade do Seattla), Toronto (javorjev list do New Yorka prek Niagarski slapovi) in Montreal (Adirondack v New York skozi Albany).

Na mednarodnih vlakih iz Montreala in Toronta se na meji izvajajo priseljenske formalnosti; to traja bistveno več časa kot na avtobusu, kar pomeni, da je avtobus pogosto cenejši in hitrejši od vlaka.

Popotniki iz Vancouvra na ameriški osrednji postaji Pacifika očistijo priseljevanje in običaje ZDA, tako kot pri zračnem prevozu. Zagotovite si dovolj časa za preglede.

Iz Mehike so najbližje postaje Amtrak San Diego, Yuma, Del Rio in El Paso. Vlaki Amtrak ne prečkajo meje v Mehiko, zato potniki do meje nadaljujejo z lokalnim javnim prevozom ali s taksijem s postaje Amtrak. Do meje ni potniških vlakov od nikoder v Mehiki.

Peš

Na mestnih območjih je veliko mejnih prehodov, ki jih lahko prečkajo pešci. Prehodi, kot so tisti v bližini ali v bližini Niagarski slapovi, Detroit, Tijuana, Nogales, in El Paso so priljubljeni za osebe, ki želijo preživeti dan na drugi strani meje. V nekaterih primerih je to lahko idealno za izletnike, saj je prečkanje z avtomobilom lahko veliko daljše čakanje.

Obiti

COVID-19 informacije: CDC je sicer odsvetoval nebistvena potovanja, vendar je sporočil, da domačim potnikom, ki so v celoti cepljeni proti COVID-19 (vsaj 14 dni od končnega odmerka), ni treba upoštevati priporočil za test ali karanteno za potovanje. Popotniki morajo po pooblastilu CDC nositi maske na vseh javnih prevoznih sredstvih v ZDA, razen kadar aktivno jedo ali pijejo. Maske niso potrebne za otroke, mlajše od 2 let, ali za popotnike, ki jih zaradi invalidnosti ne morejo nositi.

(Podatki so bili nazadnje posodobljeni 7. aprila 2021)

Most Golden Gate v San Franciscu v Kaliforniji

Velikost ZDA in razdalja, ki ločuje večja mesta, naredijo zrak prevladujoč način potovanja na dolge razdalje za kratkoročne potnike. Če imate čas ali potujete na kratko razdaljo, potujte z avtom, avtobusom ali železnica je lahko zanimivo.

Nekatere države ponujajo informacije o prometu in javnem prevozu tako, da v telefonu pokličejo 511.

Karantenske omejitve so na mestu med potovanjem med celinskim ZDA in Havaji.

Z letalom

Poglej tudi: Letenje v ZDA

Najhitrejša in pogosto najprimernejša metoda medkrajevnega potovanja na dolge razdalje v ZDA je z letalom. Potovanje od obale do obale traja približno 6 ur od vzhoda proti zahodu in 5 ur od zahoda proti vzhodu (odvisno od vetra) v primerjavi z dnevi, potrebnimi za kopenski prevoz. Večina velikih mest v ZDA ima eno ali dve letališči; številna manjša mesta imajo tudi nekaj letalskih storitev za potnike, čeprav boste do tja morda morali zapeljati skozi glavno letališče. Odvisno od tega, kam začenjate, je morda ceneje potovati z avtobusom, vlakom ali avtomobilom do bližnjega velikega mesta in leteti ali, nasprotno, leteti do velikega mesta v bližini vašega cilja in potovati po tleh do cilja.

Največje letalske družbe so American Airlines, Delta, in Združeni in dva nizkocenovna prevoznika v državi, Jugozahod in JetBlue. Alaska Airlines in Hawaiian Airlines so veliki regionalni prevozniki, medtem ko manjši letalski prevozniki Duh, Frontier, Vdljiv in Sončna dežela poskušajo prodreti. Obstajajo tudi manjši regionalni letalski prevozniki, ki so hčerinske družbe glavnih prevoznikov in jih lahko rezervirajo prek svojih staršev.

Glavni prevozniki se na glavnih poteh potegujejo za podjetja, potniki, ki so pripravljeni rezervirati dva ali več tednov vnaprej, pa lahko dobijo ugodne ponudbe. Vendar večino manjših destinacij postreže le en ali dva regionalna prevoznika, cene pa so lahko drage. Razlika v pristojbinah in storitvah med "poceni" in "glavnimi" prevozniki skoraj ni več. Nizkocenovni letalski prevozniki občasno ponujajo več udobja kot glavni prevozniki, na primer zabava na letalu za let na kratke razdalje ali brezplačna prijavljena prtljaga. Southwest Airlines na primer potnikom omogoča prijavo do dveh kosov vreč po osnovni ceni.

Varnost

Glej § Varnost Spodaj § Vstopite - Z letalom

Z zasebnim letalom

Poglej tudi: Splošno letalstvo

Stroški zakupa najmanjšega zasebnega letala se začnejo pri približno 4000 USD na uro letenja, pri čemer so stroški bistveno višji za večja letala z daljšim dosegom in cenejši za manjša propelerska letala. Čeprav zasebno letenje nikakor ni poceni, lahko štiričlanska ali več družin pogosto leti skupaj s stroški, podobnimi ali celo ugodnimi za nakup prvovrstnih komercialnih letalskih vozovnic, zlasti na manjša letališča, kjer so redni komercialni leti najdražji, zasebno letenje pa je najcenejše. Čeprav se vam zdi, da je to ceneje kot letenje s štiričlansko družino v mednarodnem razredu, je to redko, razen če potujete iz zahodne Evrope. Splošno letalstvo je najbolj praktičen način za dosego zunanjih mestnih občin Aljaska.

Letalski čarter se nanaša na najem zasebnega letala za enkratno potovanje. Jet kartice so predplačniške kartice, ki lastniku omogočajo določeno število ur letenja na določenem letalu. Ker so vsi stroški na kartici vnaprej plačani, vam ni treba skrbeti za mrtve čase, povratne lete, pristojbine za pristanek itd.

Številna letališča v majhnih mestih na ameriških mejah pozdravljajo majhna letala v zasebni lasti. Oglasite jih uro ali dve vnaprej, da bodo lahko po mejnih uradnikih sestali majhno zasebno letalo eksotičnih in tujih Brockville, in navedli ste samo izgovor, ki so ga potrebovali, da so svojim imenom dodali "Mednarodno letališče".

Z vlakom

Poglej tudi: Potovanje z železnico v ZDA

Westbound Southwest Chief v Koloradu

Zaradi priljubljenosti letenja in avtomobilov je potniško železniško omrežje v ZDA senca tistega, kar je bilo pred stoletjem. Medtem ko imajo ZDA še vedno najdaljše železniško omrežje na svetu, ga danes uporabljajo predvsem za tovorni promet. Razen nekaterih hodnikov (večinoma na severovzhodu, kjer je drugi bratranec iz hitra železnica potniški vlaki v ZDA so lahko presenetljivo redki, počasni, nezanesljivi in ​​dragi. Nacionalni železniški sistem, Amtrak☏ 1-800-ZDA-RAIL (872-7245), ponuja storitve za številna mesta in je pogosto dražja od leta. Na bolj urbanih lokacijah je Amtrak lahko zelo učinkovit in udoben, vendar so na podeželju zamude pogoste. Načrtujte vnaprej, da zagotovite, da je potovanje z vlakom med vašimi cilji na voljo in priročno. Ni namenskega hitra železnica omrežja v Združenih državah Amerike, vožnja s seboj pa je pogosto hitrejša od vožnje z vlakom, če potujete na dolge razdalje.

Amtrak ima promocijske popuste v višini 15% za študente in upokojence ter 30-dnevno ameriško železniško vozovnico samo za mednarodne potnike. Če nameravate kupiti običajno vozovnico v enem tednu potovanja, se na spletnem mestu splača preveriti včasih pomembne "tedenske akcije".

Amtrak ponuja veliko udobja in storitev, ki jih pri drugih načinih prevoza primanjkuje. Amtrakove poti prečkajo nekatera najlepša območja Amerike. Potnikom z omejenim časom potovanja z vlakom morda ne bodo ustrezala, preprosto zato, ker je država velik, in ta "velikost" je še posebej očitna na številnih slikovitih območjih. Za tiste, ki imajo dovolj časa, pa potovanje z vlakom ponuja neprimerljiv pogled na ZDA. Nekatere najbolj slikovite poti vključujejo Kalifornija Zephyr ki poteka med Emeryville v Območje zaliva San Francisco od Kalifornije do Chicaga in Empire Builder ki gre od Chicaga do Seattla ali Portlanda. Oba ponujata dnevni salon z okni od tal do stropa in dvonadstropne avtomobile.

V običajnih ameriških počitniških časih se lahko nekateri vlaki za dolge razdalje (zunaj severovzhoda) prodajo tedne ali celo mesece vnaprej. Zgodnja rezervacija povzroči tudi splošno nižje cene vozovnic za vse vlake. Rezervacije za isti dan so ponavadi enostavne in glede na pravila cene vozovnice, ki jo kupite, lahko načrt potovanja spremenite na sam dan brez plačila.

Veliko večjih mest ponuja zelo zanesljive primestni vlaki ki prevažajo potnike iz predmestja ali drugih razmeroma bližnjih območij. Nekatere primestne železniške postaje imajo možnost parkiranja in vožnje, da se lahko primestni vlak pripelje do središča mesta, kjer težave s prometom in parkiranjem otežujejo uporabo avtomobila. Nekateri sistemi in storitve primestnih vlakov ne delujejo ob vikendih in praznikih, tudi tisti, ki imajo pogosto, imajo zelo zmanjšane frekvence, zato je najbolje, da na spletnem mestu sistema načrtujete vnaprej. Nakup vstopnic prej se vkrcate na vlak, saj vas čaka bistveno dražja voznina ali zajetna kazen.

Deluje tudi več velikih mest podzemna železnica ali lahka železnica storitev za lokalna potovanja znotraj mesta ali podzemne železnice.

Moj čoln

Amerika ima največji sistem celinskih plovnih poteh katere koli države na svetu. Po Združenih državah se lahko povsem lažje premikate z ladjo. Vaše izbire plovil segajo od samohodnih kanuov in kajakov do izdelave hišnih čolnov in križarjenj z rečnimi čolni.

Reke in kanali so bili ključni za razvoj države, potovanje z ladjo pa vam daje edinstven pogled na narod in neko edinstveno pokrajino. Nekaj ​​primerov vodnih poti za rekreacijske čolne in / ali načrtovane križarjenja:

• Sistem kanalov države New York upravlja štiri kanale (vključno s slavnim Eriejev kanal), ki obsega 843 km plovne poti, odprte za rekreacijsko in komercialno uporabo. Glej Država New York za podrobnosti.
• Lovrenca je zdaj glavno vhodno pristanišče za velike ladje v Severno Ameriko. Rekreativni čolnarji so dobrodošli, vendar je Seaway zasnovan za zelo velika plovila in velja najmanjša dolžina čolna 6 m (20 ft). Seaway se začne v vzhodni Kanadi in vodi do Velikih jezer.
• The Reka Mississippi omogoča dostop sever-jug skozi notranjost ZDA do Mehiškega zaliva in se povezuje z vsemi glavnimi notranjimi vodnimi potmi, vključno z Missouri in Reke Ohio.

Vsako leto mnogi začetniki ladij uspešno plujejo po teh plovnih poteh. Vsaka vrsta čolna zahteva nekaj priprav in načrtovanja. Na splošno se oblasti obalne straže, kanalov in morskih poti trudijo pomagati rekreativnim čolnarjem. Včasih bodo izdali tudi navodila, ki jih boste morali takoj upoštevati. Na primer, od majhnih plovil se lahko zahteva, da odstopijo večjim plovnim objektom na kanalih, vremenske razmere pa lahko zahtevajo, da ustavite ali spremenite pot.

Obstajajo redni trajekti do različnih destinacij ob obalah. Na severozahodu države lahko potujete s trajekti Sistem morskih avtocest na Aljaski iz Bellingham (Washington) vse do južne obale Aljaske do Nizozemsko pristanišče-Unalaska. Kot bonus lahko uživate v čudoviti pokrajini gora in arhipelaga. Poleg tega je do večine Aljaske, ki je prehojena, le mogoče dostopati s čolnom. Med celinskimi ZDA in ZDA ni komercialnega potniškega prometa Havaji.

Z avtom

Poglej tudi: Vožnja v ZDA

Petstopenjska izmenjava "High Five" v Ljubljani Dallas

Ameriška ljubezen z avtomobilom je legendarna, zato potujejo po ZDA brez avtomobila lahko težko. Večina ameriških mest se je razvila z mislijo na avtomobile, zato je najem ali pripeljava lastnega avtomobila običajno zelo dobra ideja. Obstaja le nekaj večjih mest, kjer je uporaba javnega prevoza zaželena kot vožnja: New York City, Chicago, Boston, San Francisco in Washington. Druga zelo velika mesta, kot so Los Angeles, Atlanta in Miami, imajo omejene možnosti javnega prevoza, v manjših mestih pa se možnosti poslabšajo. Pogosto so na voljo taksiji in storitve vožnje, vendar lahko postanejo drage in taksije (zlasti) je težko najti zunaj letališč. Čeprav večina Američanov z veseljem poda navodila za vožnjo, ne bodite presenečeni, če mnogi ne poznajo lokalnih možnosti javnega prevoza.

Glavni meddržavni avtocestni sistem na splošno povezuje le večja mesta vsake države. Ameriške avtoceste in državne poti vas lahko pripeljejo do številnih zanimivih znamenitosti, ki se ne morejo premagati, če se ne motite, da se ustavite na semaforjih in se spoprijete s pešci. Večina odsekov cest je brezplačnih, nekateri pa jih zaračunavajo.

Veliko ameriško potovanje

Cesta 66, avtocesta, ki povezuje Los Angeles in Chicago. V bistvu glavna pot za Great American Road izlet. Prav tako se sklicuje na nostalgijo v jugozahodnih državah.

Romantična privlačnost je priložena ideji potovanje z avtomobilom na dolge razdalje; mnogi Američani vam bodo rekli, da "prave" Amerike ne morete videti, razen z avtom. Glede na pomanjkanje javnega prevoza v večini ameriških mest je izguba časa potovanja med mesta z avtomobilom in ne z letenjem lahko nadomesti udobje vožnje okoli znotraj mesta, ko prispete. Poleg tega so številne glavne države naravne znamenitosti, kot je veliki kanjon, je skoraj nemogoče priti brez avtomobila ali avtobusa. Če imate čas, je klasično ameriško potovanje z najetim avtomobilom zelo enostavno doseči. (Morda boste morali malo nakupovati za enosmerni najem. Bodite pozorni na to, koliko kilometrov vam dovolijo, da se vozite, saj verjetno želite obiskati oglede.) Zaradi razdalje je ta vrsta potovanje lahko pomeni veliko dolgih dni za volanom, zato bodite pozorni na udobje avtomobila, ki ga uporabljate. Potovanje "od obale do obale" z več kot enim voznikom in nekaj postanki bo trajalo vsaj 5 dni (4½, če imate močne mehurje).

Vozniški zakoni

Američani vozijo po desni strani z vozili na levi strani, enako kot Kanada in Mehika. Vozniška zakonodaja je predvsem državna zakonodaja in jo izvaja državna in lokalna policija. Čeprav obstajajo manjše razlike med državami, so cestna pravila po vsej državi dokaj skladna.

Tuji obiskovalci, stari 18 let ali več, lahko običajno vozijo na tujem vozniškem dovoljenju do enega leta, odvisno od državne zakonodaje. Licence, ki niso v angleščini, morajo biti opremljene z mednarodnim vozniškim dovoljenjem (IDP) ali overjenim prevodom.

Signal s petimi svetlobnimi signali (levo), ki označuje, da ima promet tako naravnost kot levo zavijanje prednost. Če bi bil prikazan samo zeleni krog, brez zelene puščice levo bi moral promet, ki zavija v levo, popuščati prihajajočemu prometu.

Večina ameriških voznikov običajno vozi mirno in varno v stanovanjskih soseskah. Vendar pa se na mestnih površinskih ulicah in hitrih cestah v velikih mestih pogosto nabere veliko "naglih" voznikov, ki bodo prekoračili omejitve hitrosti, naredili nevarne spremembe voznega pasu ali sledili drugim avtomobilom na nevarnih razdaljah ("tailgating"). Izvrševanje omejitev hitrosti je nepredvidljivo in se od države do države zelo razlikuje. Upoštevanje drugih voznikov se običajno izogne ​​težavam. Pazite se majhnih mest ob sicer hitrih podeželskih cestah (in srednje hitrih primestnih cestah); spodnje omejitve hitrosti v teh mestih se strogo izvajajo.

Z avtobusom

Poglej tudi: Potovanje z avtobusom na dolge razdalje v ZDA

Medkrajevna avtobusna potovanja so zelo razširjena, vendar niso na voljo povsod. Pogoste so storitve med bližnjimi večjimi mesti, ki pogosto povezujejo številna manjša mesta z regionalnimi mesti. Običajno se šteje za način potovanja "nižjega razreda", vendar je na splošno zanesljiv, varen in cenovno ugoden. Vendar pa so avtobusne postaje v nekaterih mestih v grobih soseskah (npr. Los Angeles).

Avtobusne linije hrtov (☏ 1-800-231-2222) in več povezanih linij, kot so Bolt Bus imajo prevladujoči delež ameriških avtobusnih potovanj v 45 zveznih državah. Popusti so na voljo potnikom, ki vstopnice kupijo 7–14 dni pred datumom potovanja. Avtobusi s hrti ponavadi vozijo v 5-7-urnih odsekih, takrat morajo vsi potniki izstopiti iz avtobusa, da ga lahko servisirajo, tudi če je sredi noči. Neprekinjeni potniki se vkrcajo pred tistimi, ki šele vstopajo. Sedeži potekajo po načelu »prvi pride, prvi dobi«, razen v nekaterih mestih, kjer lahko za prednostno sedenje plačate 5 USD.

Megabus, Največji konkurent Greyhounda, deluje predvsem v 30 zveznih državah srednjega zahoda in vzhodni polovici države med mestnimi zvezdišči Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas, New Orleans, New York, Washington DC in več drugimi mesti v okolici in med vozlišči. Ponuja tudi povezave do Montreala in Toronta v Kanadi. Ima tudi nekaj poti na zahodu, ki niso povezane s tistimi na Srednjem zahodu in vzhodni obali.

Avtobusi iz kitajske četrti so majhna neodvisna podjetja, ki zagotavljajo odhode ob strani za poceni standardno ceno vozovnice. Te proge delujejo predvsem na severovzhodu med Bostonom, New Yorkom, Philadelphijo, Washingtonom in Baltimorejem. Nekateri nadaljujejo pot do ciljev na Srednjem zahodu in jugu od severovzhoda. Drugi delujejo med Kalifornijo, Nevado in Arizono. Oglejte si ustrezne mestne vodnike in GoToBus.com za več informacij.

Španska avtobusna podjetja imajo ponavadi najbolj prostorne avtobuse v državi. Številne so podružnice blagovnih znamk ali hčerinske družbe mehiških avtobusnih družb, ki ponujajo čezmejne storitve onkraj obmejnih območij do severa do Chicaga, do vzhoda do Atlante in do juga do Mexico Cityja. Glej Potovanje z avtobusom na dolge razdalje v ZDA

Različna manjša podjetja ponujajo avtobusne storitve po vsej državi. Številni so razvrščeni pod Poti blagovne znamke, za katero boste pogosto našli prostor za deljenje z Greyhoundom.

Vsa mesta, razen najmanjših, jih imajo lokalni avtobusni prevoz, vendar bo pogosto omejena v primerjavi z mesti s podobno velikostjo v drugih državah. Na splošno se v ZDA lokalni avtobusi ne ustavljajo na vsakem postajališču. V nekaterih mestih se bodo ustavili, če bodo videli nekoga, ki čaka na avtobusni postaji, v drugih pa boste morda morali malo mahniti, da jim sporočite, da želite iti naprej. Če ste v avtobusu in želite izstopiti na naslednji postaji, je navadno gumb za potiskanje ali niz, ki ga želite povleči, da signal vozniku.

Z vozilom za rekreacijo

Glavni članek: Avto kampiranje

Rekreacijska vozila - velika, včasih velika avtobusna vozila, ki vključujejo spalnice in bivalne prostore - so izrazito ameriški način križarjenja po državi. Nekaterim RV-jem je všeč udobje, da lahko vozijo svoj dom kjer koli želijo in uživajo v tovarištvu, ki ga ponujajo kampi za RV. Drugi ljudje ne marajo težav in vzdrževanja, ki jih prinaša RVing. In sploh ne pomislite, da bi se vozili z avtomobilom v ogromno metropolo, kot je New York. Kljub temu, če se želite veliko voziti po Združenih državah in želite udobno ravnati z veliko ploščadjo, bi morali razmisliti o najemu avtodoma.

Z motorjem

Vznemirjenje in razveseljevanje tekaških potovanj se poveča, če se odpravite z motorjem. Harley-Davidson je najpomembnejša ameriška znamka motornih koles, Harley pa upravlja podjetje program izposoje motornih koles za tiste, ki imajo dovoljenje in so sposobni ravnati s polno težo motocikla. V nekaterih delih države lahko najamete tudi druge vrste motornih koles, kot so športna, turistična in dvošportna kolesa. Za tiste, ki nimajo izkušenj z motornimi kolesi, Harley in druga prodajna mesta ponujajo tečaje za začetnike. Nošenje čelade, čeprav ni obvezno v vseh državah, je vedno dobra ideja. Praksa vožnje med pasovi počasnejših avtomobilov, znana tudi kot "delitev voznega pasu" ali "delitev voznega pasu", je nezakonita, razen v Kaliforniji, kjer je dovoljena in razširjena. Samostojni motoristi lahko v času obratovanja zakonito uporabljajo pasove za "zasedeno vozilo" ali "carpool".

Ameriško navdušenje nad motocikli je pripeljalo do motociklistične subkulture. Moto klubi so ekskluzivni klubi za člane, ki se ukvarjajo z vožnjo določene znamke motocikla v okviru visoko strukturirane klubske hierarhije. Jahalni klubi lahko organizirani okoli določene znamke koles ali pa tudi ne in ponujajo odprto članstvo vsem, ki jih zanima vožnja. Motoristični reliji, kot je slavni v Ljubljani Sturgis, Južna Dakota, so ogromna srečanja motoristov iz vse države. Mnogi motoristi niso povezani z nobenim klubom in se odločijo za samostojno vožnjo ali s prijatelji. Na splošno je motociklizem v nasprotju s praktičnim prevoznim sredstvom hobi; to na primer pomeni, da večina ameriških motoristov raje ne vozi v slabem vremenu. Kljub temu, da se odločite za vožnjo, in ne glede na to, katero blagovno znamko želite, je vožnja z motociklizmom navdušujoč način za ogled države.

S palcem

Gateway Arch, St. Louis, Missouri na srednjem zahodu

Dolga zgodovina avtostop iz ZDA, z evidenco avtomobilskih štoparjev že leta 1911. Posebnosti zakona se od države do države razlikujejo, vendar je na splošno sam avtostop zakonit v večini države, čeprav na splošno ni na meddržavnih avtocestah (kjer za pešce je običajno prepovedano) ali če stojijo na prometnih pasovih (običajno označeni z belo črto ob cesti). Če nameravate stopirati, je najboljša praksa vožnja s palcem na vhodnih klančinah ali (še bolje) avtocestnih počivališčih.

Vendar pa je zaradi vedno večje previdnosti pred možnimi nevarnostmi (deloma podkrepljene s senzacionalnimi zgodbami v medijih) avtostopiranje v ZDA veliko manj pogosto kot nekoč. Mednarodni popotniki v ZDA bi se morali izogibati tej praksi, razen če imajo posebno močan občutek za družbeno pustolovščino ali zelo malo denarja. Tudi mnogi Američani bi se počutili prijetno, če bi dobro poznali kraj, in ameriški vozniki so iz istih razlogov tudi previdni.

Craigslist ima oddelek za jahanje, ki se včasih izkaže za koristnega za predhodno urejanje voženj. Če ste odprti s svojim ciljem, je skoraj vedno mogoče najti vožnjo nekje v državi, pri čemer si plačilo pogosto deli stroške goriva.

Glej

Svetilnik Portland Head, Portland, Maine, v Nova Anglija

Združene države so izjemno raznolike v svoji paleti zanimivosti. Nikoli vam ne bo zmanjkalo stvari za videti; tudi če mislite, da ste izčrpali ponudbo enega kraja, je do naslednjega cilja le potovanje.

The Veliko ameriško potovanje (glej nad) je najbolj tradicionalen način za ogled različnih znamenitosti; samo skočite v avto in križarite po Interstates, po potrebi se ustavite v priročnih obcestnih hotelih in restavracijah ter se ustavite pri vsaki zanimivi turistični pasti na poti, dokler ne pridete do cilja.

Nepopisno lepa pokrajina, zgodovina, ki se bere kot scenarij, možnosti zabave, ki vam lahko zdržijo tudi dneve, in nekatere največje svetovne arhitekture - ne glede na to, kakšen je vaš užitek, jo lahko najdete skoraj povsod, kamor pogledate v ZDA.

Naravna pokrajina

Jordan Pond v Narodni park Acadia, Maine

Od spektakularnih ledenikov Aljaske do gozdnatih, preperelih vrhov Apalačije; od onstranstvenih puščav na jugozahodu do prostranih voda Velika jezera; malo drugih držav ima tako raznolike naravne pokrajine kot ZDA.

Ameriška narodnih parkov so odličen kraj za začetek in ogled Severnoameriška divjad. Nacionalni park Yellowstone je bil prvi pravi narodni park na svetu in ostaja eden najbolj znanih, obstaja pa 60 drugih. Veliki kanjon je verjetno najbolj spektakularna soteska na svetu; Narodni park Sequoia in Nacionalni park Yosemite sta oba dom najvišjih živih organizmov na svetu; Glacier National Park je odličen kraj za ogled ogromnih ledenih plošč; Narodni park Canyonlands zlahka zamenjali za Mars; in Narodni park Great Smoky Mountains ima bogato divjad med lepo gozdnatimi gorami. In tudi nacionalni parki niso samo za oglede; vsak ima tudi veliko dejavnosti na prostem.

Carlsbad Caverns National Park, Carlsbad, Nova Mehika, v Jugozahod.

Kljub temu so nacionalni parki šele začetek. Deluje tudi služba narodnega parka Državni spomeniki, Nacionalni spomini, Nacionalna zgodovinska mesta, Obalne obale, Območja nacionalne dediščine ... seznam se lahko nadaljuje. In vsaka država ima svojega državnih parkov to je lahko enako dobro kot zvezne različice. Večina vseh teh destinacij, zveznih ali državnih, ima vstopnino, vendar gre vse za vzdrževanje in delovanje parkov in nagrade se splačajo.

To pa niso vaše edine možnosti. Številne naravne zaklade Amerike je mogoče videti, ne da bi šli skozi sprejemna vrata. Svetovno znana Niagarski slapovi čez mejo med Kanado in ZDA; ameriška stran vam omogoča, da se povzpnete tik ob vpadnici in občutite moč, ki je oblikovala sotesko Niagare. "Škrlatno veličanstvo" Skalnega gorovja je mogoče videti na stotine kilometrov v katero koli smer, medtem ko so mirna obalna območja Srednjega zahoda in Srednjega Atlantika Amerike že generacije sproščala. In čeprav se med seboj zelo razlikujejo, sta Havaji in Aljaska morda najbolj slikoviti državi; ne samo imeti zanimivosti - oni so zanimivosti.

Zgodovinske znamenitosti

Taos Pueblo, a Unescova svetovna dediščina, in eno največjih predkolumbovskih naselij na jugozahodu.

The U.S. has a tremendous wealth of historical attractions—more than enough to fill months of history-centric touring.

The prazgodovine of the continent can indeed be a little hard to uncover, as most of the Native American tribes did not build permanent settlements. But particularly in the Zahod, you will find magnificent cliff dwellings at sites such as Mesa Verde in Bandelier, as well as near-ubiquitous rock paintings (Petroglyph National Park has some of the best rock art in the country, and it is located only 17 km outside of Albuquerque). The Museum of the American Indian in Washington DC. is another great place to start learning about America's culture before the arrival of Europeans colonists.

The first successful British colony on the continent was at Jamestown, Virginia, although the settlement at Plymouth, Massachusetts, may loom larger in the nation's mind. The eastern states of New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and the South have more than their fair share of sites from early American history as they make up what are known as the 13 Original Colonies.

In the 18th century, major centers of commerce developed in Philadelphia in Boston, and as the colonies grew in size, wealth, and self-confidence, relations with Great Britain became strained, culminating in the Boston Tea Party and the ensuing Revolucionarna vojna.

There are a large number of historic sites related to the Ameriška državljanska vojna, the most destructive conflict on American soil.

Monuments and architecture

Americans have never shied away from heroic feats of engineering, and many of them are among the country's biggest tourist attractions.

Washington DC., as the nation's capital, has more monuments and statuary than you could see in a day, but do be sure to visit the Washington Monument (the world's tallest obelisk), the stately Lincoln Memorial, and the incredibly moving Vietnam Veterans Memorial. The city's architecture is also an attraction—the Capitol Building and the White House are two of the most iconic buildings in the country and often serve to represent the whole nation to the world.

A number of American cities have world-renowned skylines, perhaps none more so than the concrete canyons of Manhattan, part of New York City. There, a new World Trade Center tower has risen on a site adjacent to the fallen twin towers, and the Empire State Building and the Chrysler Building still stand tall, as they have for almost a century. Chicago, where the skyscraper was invented, can no longer claim the tallest building in the country, but it still has an awful lot of really tall stavbe. Other skylines worth seeing include San Francisco (with the Golden Gate Bridge), Seattle (including the Space Needle), Miami, and Pittsburgh.

Abraham Lincoln's tomb, in Springfield, Illinois.

Some human constructions transcend skyline, though, and become iconic symbols in their own right. The Gateway Arch in St. Louis, the Statue of Liberty in Manhattan, the Hollywood Sign in Los Angeles, and even the fountains of the Bellagio casino in Las Vegas all draw visitors to their respective cities. Even the incredible gora Rushmore, located far from any major city, still attracts two million visitors each year.

Muzeji in galerije

In the U.S., there's a muzej za practically everything. From toys to priceless artifacts, from entertainment legends to dinosaur bones—nearly every city in the country has a museum worth visiting.

The highest concentrations of these museums are found in the largest cities, of course, but none compare to Washington, D.C., home to the Smithsonian Institution. With almost twenty independent museums, most of them located on the National Mall, the Smithsonian is the foremost curator of American history and achievement. The most popular of the Smithsonian museums are the Nacionalni letalski in vesoljski muzej, Nacionalni muzej ameriške zgodovine, in National Museum of Natural History, but any of the Smithsonian museums would be a great way to spend an afternoon—and they're all 100% free.

New York City also has an outstanding array of world-class museums, including the Guggenheim Museum, American Museum of Natural History, Museum of Modern Art (MOMA), Metropolitanski muzej umetnosti, Intrepid Sea-Air-Space Museum, in Ellis Island Immigration Museum.

You could spend weeks exploring the cultural institutions just in D.C. and the Big Apple, but there are also many other cities with world class museums such as Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco, Pittsburgh in Boston. Many universities also operate small museums that have interesting exhibits and are often free to enter, while those interested in specific sports or topics will often be able to find museums even in some small towns that suit their tastes.

Poti

Here is a handful of itineraries spanning regions across the United States:

• Apalaška pot — a foot trail along the spine of the Appalachian Mountains from Georgia to Maine
• Braddock Expedition — traces the French-Indian War route of British General Edward Braddock (and a younger George Washington) from Aleksandrija, Virginia through Cumberland, Maryland to the Monongahela River near Pittsburgh
• Meddržavna 5 — the primary interstate highway along the west coast from the Mexican border with California to the Canadian border with Washington state, passing through the major west coast cities and the capitals of three states
• Jazz skladba — a nation-wide tour of the most important clubs in jazz history and in jazz performance today
• Lewis in Clark Trail — retrace the northwest route of the great American explorers along the Missouri River
• Oregonska pot — the mid-19th century path taken by western settlers from Missouri to Oregon
• Pacific Crest Trail — one of the original National Scenic Trails; travels along the west coast from Mexico to Canada
• Pony Express National Historic Trail — commemorates the mail service route through the Old West, between St. Joseph, Missouri and San Francisco, California
• Cesta 66 — tour the iconic historic highway running from Chicago to Los Angeles
• Santa Fe Trail — a historic southwest settler route from Missouri do Santa Fe
• Touring Shaker država — takes you to one current and eight former Shaker religious communities in the Mid-Atlantic, New England and Midwest regions of the United States
• Trail Of Tears National Historic Trail — follows the route of the forced westward migration of many American Indian tribes in the 1830s
• Ameriška avtocesta 1 — travelling along the east coast from Maine to Florida

Ali

Umetnost in glasba

Mid-size to large cities often draw big ticket koncerti, especially in large outdoor amphitheaters. Small towns sometimes host concerts in parks with local or older bands. Other options include music festivals such as San Diegoje Ulična scena ali South by Southwest v Austin. Klasična glasba concerts are held year round and performed by semi-professional and professional symphonies. Many cities and regions have unique sounds. Narodnozabavna glasba is popular throughout the U.S. but is particularly concentrated in the South and rural West. Nashville is known as "Music City" because of the large number of country artists who live in the city. It's home to the Grand Ole Opry, the most famous country music venue in the nation, and numerous other live music venues. African-Americans in the South gave rise to jazz in blues, with numerous music scenes and venues in cities nationwide. Many of the most popular mainstream bands are based in Los Angeles due to the large entertainment presence and concentration of record companies.

America is considered to be the spiritual home of musical theater, and many of the world's most famous musicals have had a run on Broadway in New York City at one time or another. No trip to New York would be complete without catching at least one musical on Broadway. The United States is also home to one of the world's premier opera companies, the Metropolitan Opera in New York.

A quintessential American experience is the korakajoča skupina festival. You can find these events almost every weekend between September and Thanksgiving throughout the country and again from March to June in California. Check local event listings and papers to find specifics. Also notable is the Bands of America Grand National Championship held every autumn in Indianapolis. To see the best of the best, get tickets to the "finals" performance, where the ten best bands of the festival compete for the championship. Both "street" or parade marching bands as well as "field" or show bands are found at almost every high school and university in America.

Šport

Baseball in Daytona Beach, Florida

The United States has a professional league for virtually every sport, including pillow fighting. America's passion for sports is rivaled hardly anywhere in the world, with the leagues with the world's highest attendance both per game (NFL) and total (MLB) and other leagues that are the best and most popular in their respective sport. Watching a game is a good way to meet and interact with the locals. A few of the most popular sports are:

• Baseball, often referred to as "America's pastime", is one of the most widely played sports in the country. The U.S. is home to 29 of the 30 MLB (Major League Baseball) teams. The season lasts from April to September with playoff games held in October, with the championship games known as the Svetovne serije. With each team playing 162 games per team per season and the cheapest seats usually $10-20, this is possibly the best sporting event for international travellers to watch. There are also several hundred minor league teams scattered across the U.S.; while quality of the games is lower, prices are cheaper (even free in a few leagues).
• The U.S. is home to 29 of the 30 NBA (National Basketball Association) teams, and the world's premier men's košarka league. The season runs from November to April, with playoffs in May–June. Its counterpart the WNBA (Women's NBA), which plays during the NBA offseason, is one of the most stable and popular women's team sports leagues in the world.
• The NFL (National Football League), with 32 teams (all in the contiguous U.S.) is the leading promoter of Ameriški nogomet na svetu. It has virtually nothing in common with association football (Americans know to sport as soccer). It developed from rugby football, and still has some things in common with its cousin from England. It is extremely popular, and the day of the championship game, the super Bowl, is an unofficial national holiday and perennially the most watched event in American sports. Most games are on Sundays, and watching games in the stands or on TV on Sunday is an important tradition for many Americans. The season lasts from September to December, with playoffs in January ending with the Super Bowl in February.

• The NHL (National Hockey League) is the premier hokej na ledu league in the world. 24 of its 31 teams are in the U.S., with another U.S. team to be added in 2021. Slightly under 50% of players are Canadians, another 25% Americans, and the rest come from many other parts of the world, mainly northern and eastern Europe. The season runs from October to April, followed by playoffs that culminate in the Finale pokala Stanley in June, the titular cup of which is the oldest professional sports trophy in North America.
• Auto racing draws big crowds all over the country, with hundreds of thousands attending the marquee events—the Indianapolis 500 for the open-wheel IndyCar series, and the Daytona 500 za NASCAR stock car circuit. IndyCar racing is closer, faster, and arguably far more dangerous than that of NASCAR. NASCAR almost exclusively races on oval tracks, while IndyCar competes on a wide variety of tracks including city streets. Both sports' seasons run from late winter through mid-fall, with races almost every week. There is also the Velika nagrada ZDA, a race on the Formula 1 calendar that is usually held in Austin, Teksas every year.
• As of the 2020 season, MLS (Major League Nogomet) has 26 teams—23 in the U.S. plus three in Canada—with four more U.S. teams to be added by 2022. While it may not be as popular with the media, MLS is still widely viewed and enjoyed (particularly by Hispanic communities), and is a preferred destination for top players from European leagues who are past their prime. The season does not coincide with soccer in most other countries: the regular season runs March to October, with MLS Cup playoffs from October to December. The women's equivalent is the National Women's Soccer League (NWSL), which has 9 teams, all in the US, with another US-based team confirmed to be joining in 2021 and plans to expand to 12 or 14 teams in the early 2020s.

One unique feature of the American sports landscape is the extent to which sports are associated with educational institutions. In many regions, especially the South and Midwest, college sports enjoy followings that rival or surpass those of major professional teams, especially football and men's basketball. (In fact, 8 of the 10 largest non-motorsports stadiums in the world — all seating more than 100,000 spectators — are for U.S. college football teams, and the country's three largest basketball arenas house college teams.) The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) has over 1,000 member schools, including almost all of the country's best-known colleges and universities. The college football in college basketball seasons roughly coincide with their professional counterparts; the NCAA Division I men's basketball playoff tournament, "March Madness", is especially widely followed even by casual sports fans. Veslanje enthusiasts may wish to watch the Regata Harvard – Yale, a 4-mile-long (6.4 km) race held in Connecticut every year modeled after The Boat Race between Oxford and Cambridge in the Združeno kraljestvo, between the men's coxed eight rowing teams.

Many communities also take great pride in their high school sports teams, and especially in smaller locales, those teams are a major part of local culture. From August to May, a high school game can be a great (and cheap) way to meet locals and discover the area in a way many visitors never experience. The most popular sports are usually football and boys' basketball (and to a lesser extent girls' basketball), plus hockey in New England and the upper Midwest. In some areas, a particular high school sport enjoys an elevated cultural position. Examples include football in Texas, basketball in Indiana, hockey in Minnesota, and wrestling in Iowa.

The United States is home to many of the world's most famous golf courses. The most famous is the Augusta National Golf Club, which is the home of the Mojstri, one of the world's most prestigious professional golf tournaments, and also one of the four majors in men's golf. The U.S. is also home to 2 of the other 3 majors in men's golf, namely the Odprto prvenstvo ZDA in PGA prvenstvo, which rotate between different golf courses in the U.S. every year. Golf is popular both as a participation and spectator sport, and the U.S. supports several major professional tours. Poglej tudi Golf#United States of America.

The United States hosts many tennis tournaments in the ATP and WTA tours, with the US Open being the most prestigious among them. It is regarded as one of the four Grand Slams. The US Open is held every year from late August to Early September at the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center v New York City.

The rodeo celebrates the traditions of the Stari zahod, especially in Teksas in Velike ravnice. A subset of rodeo, bull riding, enjoys a moderate degree of popularity as a standalone event, with the main circuit being Profesionalni jahači bikov.

Festivals and fairs

The Iowa State Fair, one of the most well-known state fairs. Common sights at state fairs include food stalls, amusement rides, and local booths selling goods.

Many towns and/or counties throw fairs to commemorate the establishment of a town or the county with rides, games, and other attractions. Almost every state has one or more state fairs. These began as competitions and shows to promote agriculture and livestock; now they include industrial product exhibitions, concerts, and carnival rides and games.

Narava

Obstaja veliko narodnih parkov throughout the United States, especially the vast interior, which offer plenty of opportunities to enjoy outdoor activities, including Recreational shooting, ATV riding, hiking, bird watching, prospecting, and horseback riding. National parks are the crown jewels of the much larger Sistem narodnih parkov, which also includes historic and cultural landmarks.

• Nacionalni sistem poti is a group of 21 "National Scenic Trails" and "National Historic Trails", and over 1,000 shorter "National Recreation Trails" for a total length of over 50,000 mi (80,000 km). While all are open to hiking, most are also open to mountain biking, horseback riding, and camping and some are open for ATVs and cars.

Zabaviščni parki

The United States is the birthplace of the modern zabaviščni park, and to this day, amusement parks form an integral part of American childhood and teenage culture. The first-ever permanent amusement park was built on Coney Island v New York City, and while not as glamorous as some of the newer ones, is still home to a famous historic wooden roller coaster and numerous other attractions.

The Los Angeles in Orlando areas in particular are home to numerous well-regarded amusement parks, with giants Univerzalni in Disney operating parks in both locations. Another chain of amusement parks that is well-regarded locally, though not so well-known internationally, is Šest zastav, which has multiple locations throughout the country, and is particularly known for its innovative roller coasters and other thrill rides. Other chains include the marine-themed SeaWorld, which is known for its marine mammal shows, and Cedar Fair.

Nakup

Denar

The 2018 series of U.S. $100, $50, $20, $10, $5, $2 and $1 bills. Older styles are still frequently seen in circulation.

The official U.S. currency is the United States dollar ($), divided into 100 cents (¢, but often written as decimal dollars). Foreign currencies are almost never accepted, though some major hotel chains may accept traveller's checks in other currencies. Establishments close to the Canadian border accept Canadian currency, though usually at poor exchange rates. The Mexican peso can also be used (again at poor exchange rates) in border towns like El Paso in Laredo. Japanese yen is sometimes accepted in Havaji.

The dollar is sometimes colloquially known as a dolar, so "5 bucks" means $5. Common American banknotes (or bills) are the $1, $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100. The $2 bill is still produced but rarely seen in circulation and is occasionally refused as payment; bills beyond $100 haven't been produced since the 1960s and are removed from circulation when found. The $100 and sometimes $50 bills are too valuable for small transactions, and may be refused. All $1 and $2 bills and older bills of the other denominations are greenish and printed with black and green ink (thus the nickname "greenbacks"). Newer versions of the $5, $10, $20, $50 and $100 bills are slightly more colorful. All the bills are the same size. Banknotes never expire and several designs of each note can circulate together, but older designs that lack modern anti-counterfeiting features may (rarely) be refused by some retailers.

The standard coins are the peni (1¢, copper color), the chunky niklja (5¢, silver color), the tiny drobiž (10¢, silver color) and the ridged-edge četrtletje (25¢, silver color). These coins only have their values written in words, not figures: "one cent", "five cents", "one dime", and "quarter dollar". When it comes to value, size doesn't matter: the dime is the smallest coin, followed by the penny, nickel, and quarter. Half dollar (50¢, silver) and dollar ($1, gold or silver; not to be confused with the quarter) coins exist but are uncommon. Coin-operated machines usually only accept nickels, dimes, quarters, and $1 bills, though some may also accept dollar coins. Larger vending machines, such as for buses or postal stamps, may take $5, $10, or even $20 bills. Though Canadian coins are sized similarly, machines usually reject them. Humans, on the other hand, generally won't notice (or care about) a few small Canadian coins mixed with American, particularly in the northern parts of the country. As with most currency, coins are generally not exchangeable abroad and UNICEF provides donation boxes at airports to let you dispose of them for a good cause before flying abroad.

Currency exchange and banking

Currency exchange centers are rare outside the downtowns of major coastal and border cities, and international airports. Some banks also provide currency exchange services, though you may sometimes be required to call in advance. Due to the high overhead of exchange rates and transaction fees, it is often better to acquire U.S. dollars in your home country before travel; rates at currency exchange desks in airports, tourist areas and shopping areas in particular are often terrible.

Bankomati can handle foreign bank cards or credit cards bearing Visa/Plus or MasterCard/Cirrus logos. They usually dispense bills in $20 denominations and generally charge about $2-4 to cards issued by other banks. Smaller ATMs in restaurants, petrol stations, etc., often charge higher fees (up to $5). These fees are in addition to your card issuer's own fees. Some ATMs, such as those at courthouses or other government buildings, have no fee. As with anywhere else in the world, there is a risk of card skimmers installed on these machines that can steal your credit card details.

Another option is withdrawing cash (usually up to $40 or $60 over the cost of your goods) when making a debit card purchase at a supermarket, convenience store, or a large discount store such as Walmart. Stores almost never charge for this service (though it may be contingent on signing up for the store's loyalty program, which is also usually free); however, the bank that issued your card may impose a fee.

Opening a bank account in the U.S. is a fairly straightforward process, and there are no restrictions on foreigners having them.

Credit and debit cards

Major credit cards such as Visa and Mastercard (and their debit card affiliates) are widely used and accepted. Nearly all large retailers will accept credit cards for transactions of all sizes, even as small as $1 or $2. However, some small businesses and independently-owned stores specify a minimum amount of money (usually $2 or $5, but sometimes $10) for credit card use, as such transactions cost them $0.30–0.50 (this practice is also common at bars when opening a tab). Almost all sit-down restaurants, hotels, and shops will accept credit and debit cards; those that do not post a sign saying "Cash Only." Other cards such as American Express and Discover are also accepted, but not as widely. Many retailers have a window sticker or counter sign showing the logos of the credit cards they accept.

JCB, UnionPay (China) and RuPay (India) have alliances with Discover, so they can be used at any retailer that accepts Discover cards even if the store does not display the logo on its window.

Shops may also ask for photo identification for foreign-issued cards. When making large purchases, it is typical for U.S. retailers to ask to see some form of photo identification. Sometimes, credit/debit cards are the only means to perform a transaction. If you do not have one, you can purchase a prepaid card or gift card with Visa, MasterCard or AmEx logo in a good number of stores, but you may have to provide identification before the card is activated.

Transaction authorization is made by signing a paper sales slip or a computer pad, although many retailers will waive the signature requirement for small purchases. The U.S. is implementing the EMV "chip-and-PIN" credit card authorization system used overseas. Cards and devices (e.g. iPhones and Apple Watches with Apple Pay) issued abroad with contactless or near-field communication (NFC) capabilities may not work in some merchants where NFC/contactless is used; in such cases, swipe or 'chip-and-pin' will be used.

Gas station pumps, some public transportation vending machines, and some other types of automated vending machines often have credit/debit card readers. Many of these ask for the ZIP code (i.e., postal code) of the U.S. billing address for the card, which effectively prevents them from accepting foreign cards (they are unable to detect a foreign card and switch to PIN authentication). At gas stations, you can use a foreign-issued card by paying the station attendant inside. If you have a Canadian Mastercard, you can use it at all pumps that require a ZIP code by entering the digits of your postal code (ignoring letters and spaces) and adding two zeroes to the end. When using a debit card, some stations will place a hold on your account for a specified amount (a notice will be present on the pump, typically $75) and then update the charge once you've filled up (but there is often a 1-2 day delay between removing the "hold" and updating the amount charged).

Davek od prodaje

There is no federal sales tax (such as VAT or GST), so you cannot claim a tax refund when you leave the U.S.

Most states have a retail davek od prodaje between 3% and 10%, as do some cities. The goods that are taxed and those that are exempt (often groceries, and pharmaceuticals) vary widely from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. Restaurant meals are usually taxed.

Taxes are usually not included in posted prices but are added to your bill, so be prepared for the total to be higher than the listed prices would indicate!

Some cities have tax zones near airports and business districts that are designed to exploit travellers — sales taxes can vary up to 2% in a matter of a few miles. Regional price variations, however, will usually have more impact on a traveller's wallet than the savings from seeking out a low- or no-sales-tax destination. Some municipalities, such as New York City, also impose a hotel tax on accommodation, which is levied on top of the sales tax.

Places for shopping

Poglej tudi Nakupovanje v ZDA

Mall of America in Bloomington, Minnesota

America is the birthplace of the modern enclosed nakupovalno središče and the open-air shopping center. In addition, American suburbs have miles and miles of small strip malls — long rows of small shops with shared parking lots. Large cities have central shopping districts that can be navigated on public transport, but pedestrian-friendly shopping streets are uncommon and usually small. American retail stores are gigantic compared to retail stores in other countries, and have some of the longest business hours in the world, with many chains open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. Department stores and other large retailers are usually open from 10AM to 9PM most days, and in November and December, may stay open as long as 8AM to 11PM. Discount stores tend to stay open as late as 10PM or midnight, or may be open 24 hours a day. Most supermarkets are open late into the evening, usually until at least 9PM, and many stay open 24/7. Sunday hours tend to be somewhat shorter, or the stores may close.

The U.S. pioneered the factory outlet store, in which branded goods are sold for bargain prices, and in turn, the outlet center, a shopping mall consisting primarily of such stores. Outlet centers are found along major Interstate highways outside of most American cities.

If you see a driveway or yard full of stuff on a summer weekend, it's likely a garage sale (ali yard sale), where families sell household items they no longer need. Churches often hold rummage sales, with proceeds generally going to their church or a mission or project they support.

Bolšji trgi (called "swap meets" in Western states) have vendors selling all kinds of usually inexpensive merchandise. Bargaining is expected.

Thrift stores are retail stores run by churches, charities, and not-for-profit organizations that take in unwanted or un-needed household items as a donation and re-sell them to support projects they are engaged in.

Stroški

Bald Eagles in Homer, Aljaska

The U.S. is generally considered drago although the cost of living is typically lower than in many other Western countries, whose residents often come to the U.S. to shop.

A bare-bones budget could be $30–50/day, and you can double that if you stay at motels and eat at cheap cafés. Add on a rental car and hotel accommodation and you'll be looking at $150/day and up. There are regional variations too: large cities like New York in San Francisco are expensive, while prices go down in rural areas. Most U.S. cities have suburbs with good hotels that are often much cheaper than those in the city center. Thus, if you plan to rent a car and drive between several major cities on a single visit to the U.S., it is usually a better idea to stay at safe suburban hotels with free parking, rather than downtown hotels that charge exorbitant parking fees.

If you intend to visit any Nacionalni parki Združenih držav, kot je veliki kanjon ali Nacionalni park Yellowstone, it is worth considering buying a National Parks and Federal Recreational Lands Pass, which gives you access to almost all of the federal parks and recreation areas for one year.

Many hotels and motels offer discounts for members of certain organizations which anyone can join, such as AAA (the American Automobile Association). If you're a member, or are a member of a club affiliated with AAA (such as the Canadian Automobile Association, the Automobile Association in the UK, or ADAC in Germany), it's worth asking at check-in. Many chain motels/hotels also have frequent customer plans that offer loyalty discounts.

Prekuhavanje

Prekuhavanje is widely practiced in the United States. Standards vary, but gratuities are always given to servers in restaurants and bars, taxi drivers, parking valets, and bellstaff in hotels. The salaries made in these professions, and even their taxes, take into account that they will be tipped, so it really is inappropriate to leave them out.

Tipping in the United States is so common and expected in some cases that in many service establishments, such as hair salons and restaurants, customers who did not tip are often asked to pay a tip, or in rare cases verbally scolded by staff for "stiffing" them.

While Americans themselves often debate correct levels and exactly who deserves to be tipped, generally accepted standard rates are:

• Taksiji — 10–20%. For livery cabs, if you hail the cab on the street and negotiate the fare in advance, then pay the negotiated amount plus an extra $1–2.
• Shuttle bus drivers — $2–5
• Private car & limousine drivers — 15–20%
• Parking valet — $1–3 for retrieving your car (unless there's already a fee for parking)
• Tour guides/activity guides — Between $5 and $10 depending on the size of the group (tips are lower in large groups), the cost of the tour, how funny/informative the guide was.
• Full-service restaurants — 15–20%; tip higher (~20%) in higher-cost cities like New York and San Francisco. Many restaurants include a mandatory service charge for larger groups, in which case you do not need to tip an additional amount – check the bill.
• Food delivery (pizza, etc.) — $2–5, 15–20% for larger orders
• Bartenders — $1 per drink if inexpensive or 15–20% of total
• Housekeeping in hotels — $1–2 per day for long stays or $5 minimum for very short stays
• Porter, skycap, bellhop, hotel doorman — $1–2 per bag if they assist ($3–5 minimum), $1 for hailing a taxi or calling a cab
• Hairdressers, masseuses, other personal services — 10–15%
• Bicycle messengers — $3–5

The legal minimum wage for restaurant waitstaff and other tip-earners is quite low (just $2.13/hour before taxes in some states where minimums for other workers are $7.25 or more). Therefore, tipping for this service is regarded as even more essential. If you receive exceptionally poor or rude service and the manager does not correct the problem when you bring it to their attention, a deliberately small tip (one or two coins) will express your displeasure more clearly than leaving no tip at all (which may be construed as a forgotten tip).

If paying your bill by cash, leave a cash tip on the table when you leave (there is no need to hand it over personally or wait until it's collected), or if paying by credit card you can add it directly to the charge slip when you sign it. Look carefully, as the bill will generally inform you whether a gratuity or "service charge" has already been added, in which case you do not need to leave an additional tip; this is especially common with large groups.

The rules for tipping at fast-food places are different and a bit more complicated. The key thing to remember is that tipping is associated with table service. The procedure at fast-food restaurants and when ordering takeout (even from what is otherwise a sit-down restaurant) is inherently self-service, therefore tipping is not necessary. Some eateries, mostly in the fast-casual sector, have a "tip jar" at the checkout station, but tipping in that scenario is purely optional, and you wouldn't be expected to contribute much more than the coins you're handed back as change. Ob cafeterias in buffets, a small tip is expected since staff often clear the table for you and provide refills of drinks and such.

The rules for tipping concierges are also arcane. For most services — asking for maps, information, tours, etc. — a tip is not expected. But for things above and beyond like special, unusual, time-consuming requests, if you receive a lot of attention while others are waiting, or even just for an exceptionally high level of service, tips should generally be large, usually starting at $5 (a $1 tip would be insulting).

Tipping well can make you look good in front of your American friends, dates and business partners, and could even earn you preferential treatment from staff, with the reverse also being true for tipping poorly.

Jej

Glavni članek: Ameriška kuhinja

American cuisine is far more than the bland McDonald's/Coca-Cola monolith that international stereotypes make it out to be. It's as diverse as the American people themselves, sporting regional variations between different parts of the country and incorporating localized versions of ethnic dishes from around the world.

The variety of restaurants throughout the U.S. is remarkable. In a major city such as New York, it may be possible to find a restaurant from nearly every country in the world. In addition to the usual array of independent restaurants, the U.S. possesses a singularly baffling array of hitra hrana and casual chain restaurants; even if you think you know U.S. fast food from the chains' international outlets, the sheer variety domestically is immense.

Many restaurants, especially those serving fast food or breakfast, do not serve alcohol, and many others may only serve beer and wine. Portions are generally huge, regardless of restaurant style, although this trend has moderated as customers are becoming more health-conscious. Many restaurants offer several portion options, though it may not be immediately obvious. Ask when ordering if portion choices are available. Taking home "leftovers" is very common and is a good way to get two meals for the price of one. Ask for a to-go box at the end of your meal if you have not cleared your plate.

In much of America, home-cooked food is as good as or substantially better than typical restaurant fare. This is particularly true in rural areas and small towns. If you have the opportunity to attend a potluck ali carry-in dinner, this is a chance not to be missed.

Mesta za jesti

Large cities host many examples of every type of restaurant imaginable from inexpensive neighborhood eateries to extravagant full-service restaurants with extensive wine lists and prices to match. Most medium-sized cities and suburbs will also field a decent selection. In the most upscale restaurants, rules for men to wear jackets and ties, while once de rigueur, are becoming more relaxed. Check with the restaurant if in doubt.

Takeout food is common in larger cities for meals that may take a little longer to prepare than in a fast-food place. Place an order by phone or online and then go to the restaurant to pick it up and take it away. Many places also offer dostava; in some cities, it is easier to have pizza or Chinese food delivered than to find a sit-down restaurant. Pizza and Chinese are especially ubiquitous for delivery or takeout in the U.S.; towns as small as 5,000 typically have at least one pizza shop and one Chinese takeout/delivery restaurant, and often more than one. Hardcore pizza fans will usually prefer local pizza places to the big national chains; many such restaurants also offer takeout and delivery.

Fast-casual restaurants offer a fast-food dining style (i.e. no table service), but the meals tend to be fresher and healthier. The food takes a bit longer to prepare — and costs a few dollars more — than at fast food joints, but it's generally worth it. Some fast-casual places even serve alcohol.

Diners are quintessentially American and have remained popular since their heyday in the 1940s and 50s. They are usually individually run, open 24-hours and found on major roads, though they also appear in large cities and suburbs. They offer a wide variety of huge meals that often include soup or salad, bread, beverage and dessert. They are usually busy for breakfast, in the morning, at the end of factory shifts, or after the bars close.

No compendium of American restaurants would be complete without mentioning the truck stop. Te kraje boste srečali le, če se odpeljete z avtobusom ali avtobusom. Najdemo jih na meddržavnih avtocestah in poskrbijo za tovornjakarje. Na voljo bo dizelsko gorivo in ločeno parkirišče za "velike ploščadi" ter tuši za voznike, ki spijo v svojih kabinah. Te čudovite restavracije strežejo tisto, kar poteka na cesti za "navadno domačo kuhinjo": sendviči z vročim govejim mesom, mesni štručki, ocvrt piščanec in seveda povsod prisoten klubski sendvič ali hamburger in krompirček, postrežen v velikih porcijah, pogosto 24 ur na dan. Na voljo je veliko samopostrežnih bifejev in velikih zajtrkov. Tovornjakarji vedo, kako se prehranjujejo: če bo zunaj dovolj tovornjakov, bo dobro.

Veriga sedeče restavracije imajo bolj predvidljivo raven kakovosti in cene v primerjavi z lokalnimi restavracijami in postajališči za tovornjake, čeprav bodo tiste z razglednimi brbončicami vseeno verjetno razočarane. Nekateri so specializirani za vrsto hrane (npr. Morski sadeži, celodnevni zajtrk) ali določeno narodno kulinariko, drugi pa imajo širšo ponudbo.

Za nahrbtnike ali tiste z zelo omejenimi proračuni, ameriški supermarketi ponudite skoraj neskončno paleto pakiranih ali predelanih živil, ki so bodisi pripravljena bodisi skoraj pripravljena za uživanje, vključno z žitaricami za zajtrk, rezanci iz ramena, juhami v pločevinkah in zamrznjenimi obroki.

V največjih mestih vogalne trgovine na pretek. Te majhne prodajalne ponujajo različne prigrizke, pijače in pakirana živila. Za razliko od večine trgovin, se njihovi izdelki prodajajo po razmeroma nizkih cenah (zlasti po urbanih standardih) in lahko nudijo prigrizke ali celo preproste obroke za proračun, ki ne presega 5 USD na dan.

Vrste hrane

Cheezburger

Med priljubljene ameriške prehrambene izdelke spadajo hamburgerji, hrenovke, pica, sladoled in pita. Medtem ko se številne vrste hrane po vsej ZDA ne spreminjajo, obstaja nekaj različnih regionalnih sort hrane (predvsem v Južno).

Hitra hrana restavracije so povsod prisotne, a raznolikost tovrstnih restavracij v ZDA je osupljiva: burgerji, hrenovke, pica, ocvrti piščanec, žar, TexMex in sladoled se jih šele dotaknejo. V teh restavracijah ne strežejo alkoholnih pijač; brezalkoholne pijače so standardne. Ne bodite presenečeni, ko naročite soda, prejmete papirnato skodelico in pričakujete, da jo boste sami napolnili iz vodnjaka s sodo (polnjenje je pogosto brezplačno). Kakovost hrane je sicer različna, vendar je zaradi strogo omejenega jedilnika na splošno dobra, zlasti podnevi. Tudi restavracije so ponavadi čiste in svetle, storitev pa omejena, a prijazna. Nekaj ​​restavracij, pokl pogoni, vam postrežemo neposredno v avtu. Večina lokalov s hitro hrano ponuja voziti skozi storitev, ki vam omogoča, da oddate naročilo iz menija obrata, objavljenega na strani namenskega avtomobilskega pasu, nato pa ga plačate in oddate (zapakirano) v ločenem stranskem oknu, preden se odpeljete do naslednjega cilja.

Rebrni nasveti v Memphis

V najboljšem primeru žar (pogosto skrajšano "BBQ") so svinjska ali goveja rebra, goveji prsi ali svinjska pleča, ki se ure in ure počasi kadijo iz lesa. Rebra postrežemo kot celotno ali polovično rešetko ali jih razrežemo na posamezna rebra, prsa je navadno tanko narezana, ramo pa lahko zdrobimo ("potegnemo") ali sesekljamo. Omake z različno pikantnostjo lahko postrežemo na posodi ali pa jih ponudimo ob strani. Obstajajo tudi edinstveni regionalni slogi žara, ki jih na splošno najdemo v Južno. Meso na žaru lahko postrežete z različnimi stranicami, vključno s čilijem, koruzo v storžu, solato iz zelenjave in krompirjevo solato. Restavracije z žarom so nezahtevne in najboljšo hrano pogosto najdete v zelo priložnostnih obratih. Na poceni belem kruhu pričakujte plastično posodo, mize za piknik in sendviče. Žar, ki ga najdete v meniju v modni verigi ali nespecializirani restavraciji, bo verjetno manj verodostojen. Rebra in piščanca jemo s prsti; svinjine in briške se lotite bodisi z vilicami bodisi v sendviču. Nekateri Američani (čeprav nikoli Južnjaki) uporabljajo "žar" kot sinonim za "kuhanje": zabava, na kateri piščance, hamburgerje in hrenovke pečejo na žaru (in ne kadijo). Te so lahko zabavne, vendar jih ne gre zamenjati z zgornjimi.

Z bogato tradicijo priseljevanja ima Amerika najrazličnejše etnična hrana - vse od etiopske kuhinje do laoške hrane je na voljo v večjih mestih z velikim številom priseljencev - in celo začnejo navzkrižno opraševati v fuzija restavracije z meniji, ki so mešanica dveh ali več različnih vrst kulinarike.

Te rezine pice so iz New Yorka, a takšno pico lahko dobite v številnih picerijah po severovzhodu in širše

italijanska hrana je morda najbolj razširjena etnična kuhinja v Ameriki, skoraj do te mere, da je o njeni "tujini" sporno. Medtem ko so v bolj ljubkih restavracijah zagotovo na voljo bolj verodostojne jedi, je italijanska hrana v ZDA pogosto zavzela drugačno smer kot tista Italija sama, zlasti glede pice, ki v Združenih državah je na voljo v nešteto domačih slogih, ki so znani po regijah in včasih po vsej državi, v Italiji pa neznani. Obstajajo tudi restavracije, specializirane za Grški in Srednje vzhoden kuhinje (s feta sir in humus precej razširjena na okencih supermarketov), ​​v nekoliko manjšem številu pa tudi Nemško in Francosko restavracije.

Suši je ena najpogostejših azijskih jedi v ZDA.

Kitajska hrana je splošno dostopna in prilagojena ameriškim okusom. Pristne kitajske jedi lahko najdete v restavracijah v kitajskih četrti poleg skupnosti z velikim kitajskim prebivalstvom. Japonski suši, Vietnamski, in Tajska hrana so prilagojene tudi ameriškemu trgu z namenskimi restavracijami v večjih mestih. Indijski in Korejski prisotne so tudi restavracije.

Zelo priljubljen je tudi Latinskoameriška kuhinja, zlasti mehiški, ki je dolga leta prihajal skoraj izključno v obliki Teksaško-mehiška kuhinja: domači hibrid, prvotno razvit leta Teksas ampak na podlagi amerikanizirane interpretacije kulinarike Severna Mehika. Kljub temu pa majhen pristen Mehičan taquerias ki so bili nekoč večinoma omejeni na Kalifornija in Jugozahod so se zdaj razširile po vsej državi. Boste tudi našli Kubanski hrana v Južna Florida in Portoričan in Dominikanski restavracije v severovzhodnih obalnih mestih, ki na splošno strežejo bolj verodostojne in manj amerikanizirane izdelke.

The Judovska skupnost je dal veliko na kulinarično sceno. Medtem ko je polnopravna Košer delis so umirajoča pasma, ki je danes večinoma izseljena v New York in druge kraje z izjemno veliko judovsko populacijo, nekatere posebnosti, kot so vrečke in pastrami so vstopili v mainstream kulinarike in jih zdaj po vsej državi uživajo Američani vseh vrst. Večina ameriških judovskih jedi (tako kot večina ameriških Judov) je aškenaškega izvora; Hrana Sephardi in Mizrahi v ZDA večinoma ni znana

Prehranske omejitve

Restavracije, ki skrbijo za vegetarijanci so v ZDA vse pogostejši V večini velikih mest in univerz imajo restavracije, ki strežejo izključno ali predvsem vegetarijanske jedi. V manjših mestih imate morda večji izziv. Natakar lahko odgovori na vprašanja o menijskih postavkah, lahko pa meni, da so jedi z aromo govedine ali svinjine, rib, piščancev ali jajc vegetarijanske. To je še posebej pogosto pri zelenjavnih prilogah na jugu. Hrana za zajtrk brez mesa, kot so palačinke ali jajca, je na voljo v restavracijah. Veganska restavracije (in veganske možnosti v drugih restavracijah) se pojavljajo vse bolj, zlasti v velikih mestih.

Ljudje z nizko vsebnostjo maščob ali z nizko kalorično dieto bi morali biti v ZDA dokaj dobro postreženi. Tudi restavracije s hitro hrano imajo na meniju nekaj bolj zdravih možnosti, na zahtevo pa lahko zagotovijo lestvice kalorij in maščob.

Ozaveščenost o alergije na hrano se spreminja. Pakirana hrana mora biti označena, če vsebuje mleko, jajca, ribe, školjke, arašide, drevesne oreške, pšenico ali sojo. Pakirana hrana mora vsebovati tudi njene sestavine, čeprav lahko vključuje nespecifične izdelke, kot so "začimbe", "začimbe" ali "dodana barva". Toda običajno ni obveznosti označevanja alergenov v nepakirani hrani, npr. v restavracijah, pekarnah in svežih živilih v trgovinah (vendar se zakoni razlikujejo glede na državo). Nekatere restavracije označujejo alergene in skrbijo za tiste z alergijami na hrano. Restavracije s hitro hrano in priložnostne restavracije so pogosto varnejša stava za ljudi z alergijami na hrano, saj imajo dosledne sestavine in metode. V sedečih restavracijah obvestite svojega natakarja, postavljajte vprašanja, in če vaš natakar v nič ni prepričan, naj ga še enkrat preverijo ali vztrajajo pri pogovoru s kuharjem. Velika izbira brez glutena živila so na voljo, vendar tako kot drugi alergeni tudi zakoni o označevanju (morajo vsebovati manj kot 20 ppm glutena) veljajo za pakirana živila, ne pa tudi za restavracije.

Ljudje naprej verske diete ne bi smeli imeti težav pri iskanju tega, kar potrebujejo v večjih mestih. Večina večjih mest ima vsaj eno halal in košer mesar, pogosto pa obstajajo tudi restavracije, ki strežejo tem skupnostim. Halalni fantje je edinstvena ameriška veriga halal restavracij, ki deluje v številnih večjih mestih. Vendar taka hrana v majhnih mestih in na podeželju pogosto sploh ni na voljo.

Bonton

Običajno je neprimerno, če se pridružite mizi, ki jo že zasedajo drugi gostinci, tudi če ima neizkoriščene sedeže; Američani imajo raje to stopnjo zasebnosti, ko jedo. Izjeme vključujejo jedilnice v stilu kavarne z dolgimi mizami in prenatrpane neformalne restavracije in kavarne, kjer boste morda uspeli prositi neznanca, če lahko delite mizo, za katero sedijo. Začetek pogovora v tej situaciji je lahko dobrodošel ali pa tudi ne.

Čeprav so načini mize različni, so običajno pod vplivom Evrope. Škrtanje ali spuščanje drugih zvokov med jedjo se šteje za nesramno, prav tako glasen pogovor (vključno s telefonskimi klici). Dokaj pogosto je, da pred jedjo počakate, da postrežejo vse za vašo mizo. Položite si platnene serviete čez naročje; lahko storite enako s papirnatimi servietami ali pa jih hranite na mizi.

Številni izdelki s hitro prehrano (sendviči, burgerji, pica, tacos itd.) So zasnovani tako, da jih jemo ročno; nekaj živil skoraj vedno jedo ročno (pomfrit, slanina, rebra z žara in številne predjedi) tudi v zmerno lepih restavracijah. Če niste prepričani, uživanje tako imenovane "prstne hrane" z vilicami in nožem verjetno ne bo nikogar žalilo; uživanje hrane z vilicami in noži na roko.

Če ne dokončate obroka, se prekršek ne sprejme; večina restavracij bo spakirala preostanek, ki ga boste vzeli s seboj, ali pa vam bo dala škatlo, ki jo boste lahko storili sami (včasih evfemistično imenovano "pasja vrečka", kar pomeni, da so ostanki za vašega ljubljenčka). Če želite to storiti, prosite strežnik, da v preostalem dobi "še naprej"; to bo skoraj splošno razumljeno in ne bo povzročalo zadrege. Nekatere restavracije ponujajo samopostrežne bifeje ali druge storitve; odnašanje porcij takšnega obroka domov bodisi ni dovoljeno bodisi nosi dodatne stroške.

Ko vas povabijo na obrok v zasebnem domu, lahko vprašate, ali lahko k obroku kaj prispevate, na primer sladico, prilogo, vino ali pivo, ali za kuhanje na prostem, kaj koristnega, kot so led ali skodelice ali krožniki za enkratno uporabo . Gostitelj bo pogosto odklonil, še posebej, ker ste popotnik. Če od vas ne zahtevajo, da prispevate k obroku, velja, da s seboj prinesete majhno darilo za gostitelja (pogosto imenovano darilo hostesa). Najpogostejša je steklenica vina, škatla sladkarij ali sveže rezano cvetje. Ne smete pričakovati, da bo vaše darilo, če gre za hrano, postreženo ob obroku; gostitelj je že izbral sestavine obroka. Darila v gotovini ali zelo osebni predmeti (npr. Toaletni izdelki) niso primerni.

Izjema je potluck ali prenašanje obrok, kjer vsak gost (ali skupina / družina) prinese jed s hrano, ki jo lahko deli z vsemi; te skupne jedi sestavljajo celoten obrok. Običajno so jedi razvrščene v skupine (npr. Solate, glavne jedi ali enolončnice, priloge, predjedi, sladice); prosite gostitelja, če želijo, da prinesete kaj posebej. Idealne jedi za potluck je treba postreči iz velikega lonec, jed ali skledo in jih običajno postrežejo samopostrežno - od tod poudarek na solatah, enolončnicah in grižljajih. Te vrste obrokov običajno ponujajo širok izbor dobro pripravljenih živil in so morda najboljši način za izkušnjo pristne ameriške kuhinje - vaša tuja specialiteta pa je morda le zvezdniška atrakcija!

Kajenje

Ali lahko kadite v baru ali restavraciji ali drugem javnem notranjem prostoru, se razlikuje med državami in celo znotraj njih. V večini primerov je prepovedan. Če je znak "Prepovedano kaditi", vas lahko zaradi umazanega videza zaradi prižiganja izženete, oglobite ali celo aretirate.

Kajenje je dobilo družbeno stigmo, tudi tam, kjer je dovoljeno. Morda boste želeli ljudi okoli sebe vprašati, ali jih motijo, preden se prižgejo. Mnoge države imajo zakone o kajenju v bližini javnih vhodov: pazite na postavljene znake, ki navajajo najmanjšo razdaljo do vrat, čeprav izvrševanje ni dosledno. Če običajno najdete pladenj za pepel ali zadnjico, tam lahko varno kadite.

Od leta 2018 so nekatere države legalizirale rekreacijsko in / ali medicinsko uporabo konoplje. V državah, kjer je konoplja / medicinska marihuana zakonita, zeleni križ - podoben logotipu Rdečega križa in zmedeno podoben znakom za običajne lekarne v drugih državah - predstavlja podjetje, ki prodaja medicinsko marihuano. Prodaja na nekaterih območjih je lahko omejena na lokalno prebivalstvo ali na ljudi s posebnimi zdravstvenimi težavami. Poleg tega zvezni zakon prepoveduje ravnanje s konopljo, prevoz konoplje v državo ali prek državnih meja, tudi med državami, kjer je konoplja zakonita, pa je kaznivo dejanje. Poleg tega ni jasno, kako državni zakoni (ali pristojnost indijskih rezervatov) in zvezni zakon trčita v smislu konoplje.

Pijte

Domači duh Amerike - burbon, čeden

Navade pitja pijače v Ameriki so tako raznolike kot ozadja mnogih ljudi. V mestih lahko najdete vse, od trdih lokalnih lokalov "strel in pivo" do vrhunskih "martini barov"; v mestnih barih in nočnih klubih bodo pogosto stregli samo preprosto hrano ali pa je sploh ne. V predmestju alkohol v glavnem strežejo v restavracijah in ne v barih. Na podeželju je meja med "barom" in "restavracijo" pogosto zamegljena do nesmisla; z malo obrati v bližini se domačini odpravijo na isti kraj tako za obroke kot za nočno življenje. Nekaj ​​držav je suha okrožja, kraji, kjer je prepovedana prodaja alkohola za lokalno porabo; ta so večinoma na podeželju.

Zakoni

Starost pitja alkohola je 21 v ZDA. razen na večini oddaljenih ozemelj (kjer jih je 18). Uveljavljanje tega je različno, vendar vedno imejte veljaven osebni dokument s sliko, če imate kartico. Splošno sprejete oblike osebnega dokumenta so vozniško dovoljenje, državna izkaznica ali potni list. Nekateri lokali in trgovci na drobno zahtevajo osebne izkaznice pri vseh transakcijah, nekateri pa morda ne bodo sprejeli tujega vozniškega dovoljenja (razen morda Kanade), zato je priporočljivo, da imate pri nakupu alkohola svoj potni list. V nekaterih državah ljudje, mlajši od 21 let, ne morejo zakonito vstopiti v lokal ali trgovino z alkoholnimi pijačami - in tudi tam, kjer zakon to dovoljuje, se lahko posamezni lokali še vedno odločijo, da ne bodo sprejemali mladoletnikov.

Prodaja alkohola je običajno prepovedana po 2.00 zjutraj, čeprav so v nekaterih mestih lokali odprti pozneje ali celo vso noč. V nekaterih državah lahko večina trgovin prodaja samo pivo in vino; alkoholne pijače se prodajajo v namenskih prodajalnah alkoholnih pijač. Več "suhih okrožij" - večinoma v južnih zveznih državah - prepoveduje nekatere ali vse vrste alkohola v javnih ustanovah; zasebni klubi (z nominalnimi članarinami) so pogosto ustanovljeni, da bi to rešili. Nedeljska prodaja je na nekaterih območjih omejena.

Večina mest prepoveduje pitje na prostem z različnimi stopnjami izvrševanja. Tudi če je dovoljena, je vidna steklenica (in ne v majhni vrečki) nezakonita ali upravičuje policijsko pozornost. Biti "pijan in neurejen" je nezakonito. Vožnja v pijanem stanju je pod precej ostrim nadzorom. Stopnja alkohola v krvi 0,08% se šteje za "pod vplivom", številne države pa raven 0,05% štejejo za "oslabljeno". Če ste mlajši od 21 let, ima večina držav omejitve 0,00-0,02%. Ameriška policija pozorno pazi na pijane voznike (zlasti ob prazničnih vikendih) in ima na voljo vrsto orodij, s katerimi lahko hitro ugotovi, ali ste pod vplivom. Če vas ujamejo v vožnji pod vplivom alkohola, boste skoraj zagotovo aretirani. Tujci bodo praviloma deportirani, tudi uveljavljeni stalni prebivalci. Običajno je tudi v nasprotju z zakonom, če imate odprto posodo z alkoholom kjer koli v avtu, razen v prtljažniku; to se lahko globo globi. Če se znajdete v situaciji, ko ste popili nekoliko več, kot ste nameravali, in niste prepričani, ali bi se morali voziti, so taksi kabine dokaj plodne v srednjih in velikih mestih, aplikacije za vozovnice pa imajo voznike tudi v majhnih mestih. Številni avtomobilski klubi ponujajo vroče telefonske številke za iskanje poti domov.

Pijače

Pivo in vino so glavne nedestilirane alkoholne pijače, s viski glavni močna pijača (tj. destilirana pijača). Trdi jabolčnik je alkoholna pijača iz fermentiranih jabolk; čeprav je bil navdušeno zaužit pred dvema stoletjema, njegova priljubljenost po desetletjih nejasnosti šele oživlja. "Jabolčnik" brez nadaljnje kvalifikacije je le nefiltrirana sorta jabolčnega soka, čeprav se v okviru lokala beseda razume kot alkoholna pijača.

Pivo predstavlja približno polovico alkohola, porabljenega v ZDA. Kljub pojavljanju drugih vrst piva od devetdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja ostajajo najbolj razširjeni lahki lagerji (ki so poceni in povprečni). Mikropivovarne, ki so specializirani za maloserijska, visokokakovostna piva, izdelana po tradicionalnih metodah, dodajo prepotrebno raznolikost. Microbrews, imenovani tudi "craft piva", so pogosto inventivni in eksperimentalni; nekateri so odlični primeri klasičnih slogov piva, drugi pa premikajo meje in razvijajo nove, edinstvene okuse. Večina jih je na voljo le lokalno, kar nekaj pa jih je doseglo regionalno ali celo nacionalno distribucijo. Nekateri bari in restavracije strežejo obrtno pivo, drugi pa, na videz naključno, ne. Večina trgovin (tudi trgovin) jih ima vsaj nekaj, številne pa imajo širok izbor. Pivovarne združite mikropivovarno in bar ter postrezite visoko cenjeno pivo, ki ga pripravite v prostorih.

Vino je na voljo v celotnem spektru kakovosti. Ameriška vina označuje predvsem sorta grozdja. Približno vodilo glede kakovosti je v posebnosti označevanja. Samo barva ("rdeča", "bela" in "rosé" ali "rožnata") označuje najnižji ešalon. Nad tem so regije označene z državo (npr. "Kalifornija"), območje države (npr. "Osrednja obala"), okrožje ali druga majhna regija (npr." Willamette Valley ") ali določen vinograd (npr." Vinogradništvo Dry Creek ").

Najcenejše vino je običajno v plastični vrečki, zaprti v škatli. "Utrjena vina", znana kot "bum wine", so pravo nasprotje evropskemu pristanišču, šeriju ali Madeiri.

Vseh 50 zveznih držav se ukvarja z nekakšnim vinarstvom, čeprav 90% ameriškega vina - vključno z najbolj cenjenim Dolina Napa—Je Kalifornijski. Vina iz Oregona Dolina Willamette in Zvezna država Washington predstavljajo dobro vrednost, saj so manj znane. Michigan, Vinska dežela v Koloraduin države New York Finger Lakes proizvajajo belce v nemškem slogu, ki so zmagali na mednarodnih tekmovanjih. The Llano Estacado regija Teksas je znana tudi po svojih vinih.

Peneča vina so na voljo po steklenicah v vrhunskih restavracijah, včasih pa jih postrežejo tudi s kozarci. Najboljša kalifornijska peneča vina so bila ocenjena primerljivo z vodilnimi francoskimi šampanjci, vendar se v supermarketih zunaj Kalifornije pogosto ne prodajajo.

Peneče jabolčnik je običajno brezalkoholna pijača, ki je v obliki steklenice šampanjca in jo je mogoče aromatizirati. Trdi jabolčnik so tiste, ki vsebujejo alkohol.

Večina barov, razen urbanih vinskih barov, streže neopazno vino. V nekaterih restavracijah vino jemljejo dokaj resno, vendar tako kot pri vseh drugih alkoholnih pijačah v restavracijah pričakujemo, da bomo za steklenico plačali do štirikratno ceno prodajalne alkoholnih pijač.

Trd alkohol (tj. žgane pijače) običajno pijemo z mešalniki, postrežemo pa ga tudi "na skalah" (z ledom) ali "naravnost" (nemešano, brez ledu, imenovano tudi "lepo"). Viski, tradicionalna izbira, ostaja priljubljen kljub vse večji priljubljenosti vodke in drugih bistrih žganih pijač. Viski je destilirana iz različnih zrn. Glavne vrste so rž, slad (iz pretežno ječmena) in burbon (iz pretežno koruze, tj. Koruze).

Nočno življenje

Svetle luči mesta greha, Las Vegas, Nevada

Nočni klubi v Ameriki imajo običajno lestvico različnih glasbenih prizorov, od diskotek z vrhunskimi 40 plesnimi melodijami do nejasnih klubov, ki strežejo drobne rezine nejasnih glasbenih zvrsti. Plesni klubi country glasbe, oz honky tonks, so na jugu in zahodu položene precej debelo, zlasti na podeželju in stran od obal, vendar jih je mogoče najti skoraj v katerem koli mestu. Gay / lezbični nočni klubi obstajajo v skoraj vseh srednje velikih ali večjih mestih.

"Vesela urica", obdobje, ki običajno traja od 30 minut do treh ur, običajno med 17.00 in 20.00, predstavlja znatne popuste na izbrane pijače. "Ženske noči", med katerimi ženske prejmejo popust, so vse pogostejše.

Do leta 1977 je bila edina ameriška država z legaliziranimi igrami na srečo Nevada. Država dovoljuje igre na srečo že od tridesetih let prejšnjega stoletja in je ustvarila takšna letoviška mesta, kot je Las Vegas in Reno v postopku. Poimenovan "Mesto grehov" se je zlasti Las Vegas razvil v igrišče za odrasle s končno destinacijo, ki ponuja številne druge dejavnosti po urah, kot so zabaviščni parki, nočni klubi, striptiz klubi, predstave, bari in restavracije s štirimi zvezdicami. Od takrat se je igra na srečo razširila zunaj Nevade v množico ameriških mest Atlantic City, New Jersey in Biloxi v Mississippiju, pa tudi do rečnih čolnov, križarjenj po morju in indijskih rezervatov. Državne loterije in "igre na srečo" so še ena, priljubljena oblika legaliziranih iger na srečo. Vendar spletno igranje in stave na šport prek državnih meja ostajata v ZDA nezakonita

Brezalkoholne pijače

Združene države imajo najrazličnejše gazirane pijače z nekaterimi najbolj znanimi blagovnimi znamkami, ki izvirajo tukaj. Medtem ko se Pepsi in Coca-Cola prodajajo po vsem svetu, nekateri okusi izven Severne Amerike skorajda niso znani. Peneča voda, ki je nekoč veljala za evropsko zanimivost, postaja vse bolj priljubljena kot bolj zdrava alternativa sladkim brezalkoholnim pijačam in je zdaj na voljo v večini trgovin. Voda iz pipe Običajno ga brezplačno postrežejo v restavracijah, v večini delov države, ki niso območje New Yorka, pa na splošno dobite brezplačno polnjenje kave, čaja in (nekoliko redkeje) brezalkoholnih pijač. Američani radi v svoje pijače vložijo veliko ledu, zato, če izrecno ne zahtevate drugače, pričakujte, da bo vsaka brezalkoholna pijača, ki jo naročite v restavraciji (vključno z vodo), vsebovala veliko količino ledenih kock. Pri naročanju vode v restavracijah s hitro hrano lahko predpostavite ustekleničeno vodo, če ne navedete vode iz pipe.

Spi

Klasičen motel iz petdesetih let 20. stoletja Seligman, Arizono, skupaj Cesta 66

Daleč najpogostejša oblika nastanitve na podeželju v ZDA in v mnogih državah Interstates je motel. Večina motelov nudi poceni sobe avtomobilskim popotnikom, saj so čisti in razumni z omejeno paleto udobja: telefon, TV, postelja, kopalnica. Motel 6 (☏ 1-800-466-8356) je nacionalna veriga z razumnimi cenami (30–70 USD, odvisno od mesta). Moteli Super 8 (☏ 1-800-800-8000) zagotoviti primerne namestitve tudi po vsej državi. Rezervacije so običajno nepotrebne, kar je priročno, saj vam dolgega potovanja ni treba samovoljno prekiniti; lahko preprosto vozite, dokler se ne utrudite, nato pa poiščite sobo. Pogosto bodo tudi zunaj prižgali svoj napis, da bodo vedeli, ali je prosto mesto, v tem primeru lahko preprosto vstopite, če ga imajo. Nekatere pa odrasli želijo rezervirati nočitev za seks ali nezakonite dejavnosti, veliko pa jih je na nezaželenih območjih.

Poslovni in hoteli s podaljšanim bivanjem so vedno bolj na voljo po vsej državi. Najdemo jih v manjših mestih na Srednjem zahodu ali v obalnih mestnih območjih. Na splošno so dražji od motelov, vendar ne tako dragi kot hoteli v celoti, s cenami okoli 70 do 170 dolarjev. Čeprav se zdi, da so hoteli velikosti motela, lahko ponujajo udobja večjih hotelov.

Nekateri hoteli s podaljšanim bivanjem so namenjeni poslovnim potnikom ali družinam, ki imajo dolgoročno bivanje (ki se pogosto preseli zaradi odločitev podjetij). Ti hoteli imajo pogosto kuhinjo v večini sob, popoldanske družabne prireditve (običajno ob bazenu) in strežejo kontinentalni zajtrk. Takšni "suite" hoteli so približno enakovredni oskrbovana stanovanja v drugih državah, čeprav se izraz v ameriški angleščini običajno ne uporablja.

Hoteli so na voljo v večini mest in običajno ponujajo več storitev in udobja kot moteli. Sobe ponavadi znašajo približno 80–300 USD na noč, v večini večjih mest pa lahko najdete zelo velike, glamurozne in drage hotele, ki ponujajo luksuzne apartmaje, večje od nekaterih hiš. Čas prijave in odjave je skoraj vedno v razponu od 11.00 do 14.00 in od 14.00 do 16.00. Nekateri hoteli v ZDA ne sprejmejo oseb, mlajših od 21 let, če se ne prijavijo pri starejših odraslih. Številna ameriška mesta imajo zdaj v predmestjih "robna mesta", ki imajo visokokakovostne vrhunske hotele, namenjene premožnim poslovnim popotnikom. Ti hoteli imajo pogosto vse udobje svojih bratrancev v središču mesta / CBD (in še več), vendar po manj pretiranih cenah. Manjina hotelov je prijaznih psom, še manj pa dovoljuje druge vrste hišnih ljubljenčkov; v obeh primerih boste verjetno morali plačati doplačilo in vračljivo varščino. Storitve, kot sta wi-fi in zajtrk, so v hotelih srednjega razreda običajno brezplačne, v najcenejših motelih pa pogosto sploh niso na voljo, v luksuznih hotelih pa so na voljo le za pretirane cene.

Veliko nočitev z zajtrkom je v starih, starinskih ali zgodovinskih hišah

Na mnogih podeželskih območjih nočitev z zajtrkom (B&B) nastanitev je na voljo v preurejenih hišah. Nočitev z zajtrkom nudi bolj domačo izkušnjo prenočišča z brezplačnim zajtrkom. Nočitve z zajtrkom se gibljejo od približno 50 do 200 dolarjev na noč in so lahko lep odmik od brezosebnosti verižnih hotelov in motelov. Za razliko od Evrope je večina ameriških nočitev z zajtrkom neoznačenih.

Dva najbolj znana hotelska vodiča, ki zajemata ZDA, sta AAA (prej Ameriško avtomobilsko združenje; običajno se izgovarja "Triple-A") TourBooks, ki je na voljo članom in povezanim avto klubom po vsem svetu v lokalnih pisarnah AAA; in Mobil Travel Guide, ki je na voljo v knjigarnah. Obstaja več spletnih strani, ki rezervirajo hotele na spletu; zavedajte se, da številna od teh spletnih mest dodajo majhno provizijo ceni sobe, zato je morda ceneje rezervirati neposredno v hotelu. Po drugi strani nekateri hoteli zaračunavajo več za "drop-in" posle kot rezervirane sobe ali sobe, pridobljene prek agentov in posrednikov, zato je vredno preveriti oboje.

Mladinski domovi v ZDA res niso vzleteli, vendar obstajajo po vsej državi. Nekateri so povezani z Ameriški mladinski hostel organizacija (član Hostelling International). Kakovost hostlov se zelo razlikuje, a cene od 8 do 24 USD na noč so neverjetne. Kljub imenu je članstvo v AYH odprto za ljudi vseh starosti. Na voljo so tudi hostli, ki niso AYH, zlasti v večjih mestih. Hostli so združeni na bolj turističnih lokacijah: ne domnevajte, da bodo vsa srednje velika mesta imela hostel, celo zelo velika mesta pa imajo lahko le enega ali dva.

Kampiranje je lahko tudi cenovno ugodna nastanitev, zlasti ob lepem vremenu. Slaba stran je, da je večina kampov zunaj urbanih regij, zato ni veliko možnosti za potovanja v velika mesta. Obstaja ogromna mreža narodnih parkov (☏ 1-800-365-2267), saj ima večina držav in številnih okrožij tudi svoje parkovne sisteme. Večina državnih in državnih kampov je odlične kakovosti, s čudovitim naravnim okoljem. Pri vstopu pričakujte, da boste za avto plačali 7–20 USD. Kampi v Ameriki (KOA) ima verigo komercialnih franšiz za kampiranje po vsej državi, bistveno manj očarljivih kot njihovi ustrezniki v javnem sektorju, vendar s priključki za rekreacijska vozila in dodatke, kot so pralnice. Nešteto zasebnih kampov v neodvisni lasti se razlikuje po značaju.

Nekateri nenavadno možnosti nastanitve so na voljo na določenih območjih ali po predhodnem dogovoru. Na primer, morda boste uživali v bivanju v hišni čoln v Jezero Tahoe ali Eriejev kanal. Ali pa ostanite v a hiša na drevesu v Oregonu. Običajnejšo nastanitev lahko najdete v študentskih domovih, nekateri pa poleti oddajajo sobe popotnikom. Na koncu lahko na številnih turističnih območjih, pa tudi v velikih mestih, dnevno najamete opremljeno hišo.

Nauči se

Glavni članek: Študij v ZDA

Poglej tudi: Ogled prestižnih in opaznih univerz v ZDA

Redni študij v ZDA je odlična priložnost za mlade odrasle, ki iščejo napredno izobrazbo, priložnost za obisk tuje države in boljše razumevanje ZDA in prebivalcev. To lahko storite samostojno tako, da se prijavite neposredno na fakulteto ali prek oddelka za "študij v tujini" ali "tuje valute" na fakulteti v svoji državi, običajno za en mandat ali eno leto. Slednje je običajno najlažje; ustanovi bosta poskrbeli za večino dogovorov in vam ni treba sprejeti obveznosti, da boste štiri leta živeli v tuji državi. V ZDA živijo številne najprestižnejše univerze na svetu in privabljajo več mednarodnih študentov kot katera koli druga država na svetu, na svojih vrhunskih univerzah pa je mogoče opaziti veliko kulturne raznolikosti.

Delo

Glavni članek: Delo v ZDA

ZDA kot največje gospodarstvo na svetu privabljajo tujce z možnostmi zaposlitve v celotnem obsegu spretnosti in gospodarskih sektorjev. Tako kot druge države so tudi ZDA sprejele zakone o priseljevanju in vizumih, katerih namen je dati prednost prebivalcem ZDA. Prepričajte se, da razumete, s kakšnimi pravnimi ovirami se soočate pri zaposlitvi v ZDA. Ne poskušajte delati na črno v ZDA, saj bi vas lahko aretirali, izgnali in prepovedali ponovni vstop. Nezakoniti delavci tvegajo tudi nevarne delovne pogoje.

Ostani varen

Zločin

Glavne zločine, ki pritegnejo naslove, dajejo ZDA sloves za kazniva dejanja, a le malo obiskovalcev ima kakršne koli težave; zdravi razum in previdnostni ukrepi na splošno zadostujejo, da se izognemo težavam. Nasilni zločini so običajno povezani z tolpami in mamili v določenih soseskah ter z vročimi spori. Izogibajte se jim in z vami bo vse v redu. Urbana turistična območja so strogo nadzorovana in so varna pred vsemi, razen drobnimi zločini.

Podeželski kriminal v Ameriki je ponavadi zelo redek in zelo lokalni, pojavlja se predvsem v zelo revnih, nemirnih skupnostih, ki se jim je enostavno izogniti. V mestnih območjih so ponavadi brezdomci, ki lahko agresivno prosijo za denar. Če se počutite nadlegovane, odločno recite "Ne" in pojdite stran.

Zaradi nezakonitega priseljevanja in tihotapljenja mamil ter ostro ravnanje oblasti z njimi mehiška meja ni obiskana. Uradni mejni prehodi so varni za uporabo.

Poročajo o povečanju množičnega streljanja in belega nacionalističnega terorizma od leta 2016, čeprav v splošnem upadanju števila smrtnih žrtev umorov. Medtem ko se ti pojavljajo na naključnih lokacijah, ki jih je skoraj nemogoče napovedati, imate kot turist možnosti, da jih naletite, majhne.

Policija

Officers of the Los Angeles Police in a patrol car

The police are generally polite, professional, and honest. The police will however draw and use their weapons much faster and with more deadly force than police forces in other Western countries. When in uniform, they are more formal, cautious, cold and sometimes aggressive than police in, say, Europe or Latin America—especially in large cities. If stopped by police, do not feel scared or anxious. Stay calm, be polite and cooperative, avoid making sudden movements, and state what you are doing if you need to reach for your purse or wallet to present your identification. It is particularly important for you to appear calm and cooperative if you are a person of color, since non-white people are much more likely to be subjected to police harassment.

If you have been pulled over by a police officer, turn on your car's lights and keep your hands on the wheel; do not exit the vehicle unless told to do so.

Ali ne offer bribes to a police officer under any circumstances. U.S. police culture categorically rejects bribes, and even the mere suggestion can result in your immediate arrest. If you need to pay a fine, don't try to pay the officer; he or she can direct you to the appropriate police station, courthouse, or government office. Most minor traffic infractions can be paid by mail. Increasingly fines can be paid online or over the phone within a matter of minutes of receiving the ticket, though often for a convenience fee of a few dollars. Instructions are often printed on the ticket. Unlike in much of the world, fines are not tied to income and can be rather steep as many towns and counties—controversially—rely on them as a major source of revenue. You should thus be especially careful to comply with the less obvious rules.

There are three types of police you are most likely to encounter: state police or highway patrol units on major highways, rural areas and/or state government offices, deputy sheriffs employed by county governments in rural areas, and police officers employed by city or town governments in urban areas. There are also smaller police departments, like transit or airport police which patrol public transportation, and university or campus police which patrol universities. Federal law enforcement officers, such as FBI agents, are generally found only in or near federal facilities, such as ports of entry, national parks, and federal government offices. If you encounter them elsewhere, it is usually because they are investigating specific allegations of federal crimes.

Reševalne službe

Dialing 911 at any telephone will reach the emergency services (police, fire, ambulance, etc.). Any U.S. phone, regardless if it is "active" or not, must be able to dial 911 if it is connected to the network, and such calls are always free. Unless you are calling from a mobile or Internet-based phone, the operator should be able to locate you from the phone you are using even if you do not say anything. Modern cell phones will send a GPS fix of your location down to a few meters within a few seconds of dialing 911. Dialing 911 and leaving an open line will bring all 3 emergency services to your location in under 5 minutes in most populated areas. Response time may be longer in sparsely populated areas or along the Interstates.

On any GSM mobile phone (the standard technology in most of the world, especially in Europe), you can also dial 112, which is the standard emergency number for GSM networks worldwide. U.S. GSM carriers (AT&T, T-Mobile, and smaller regional operators) automatically redirect 112 calls to 911.

Mejna patrulja

The United States Border Patrol works near both the Canadian and the Mexican borders, as well as in Southern coastal areas like the Florida Keys. They can verify immigration status and enforce immigration laws in the "border zones"—generally within 40 miles of Canada and 75 miles of Mexico (although the law allows for 100 miles from any border, including sea and the Great Lakes). Near Canada they tend to be unobtrusive and generally focus their work on long-distance buses and trains. Near the southern border, systematic vehicle checkpoints or being stopped on the street with a friendly "Papers, please..." is much more likely. They tend not to target tourists specifically.

Foreigners are always required to carry their passports, visas, and landing cards (or Green Cards). Being found without them near the border could lead you to being detained until your status is verified, or possibly fined. If your documents are in order, you generally won't be questioned. In most states (Arizono is a notable exception), police and other local authorities are not allowed to question you about your immigration status or to ask to see your passport or visa unless you're arrested and charged with a crime, and then only for the purpose of connecting you with your embassy. As a result of the 9/11 attacks, some statistics have shown that Muslims or those who are assumed to be Muslims may be disproportionately targeted for additional screenings at airports despite claims that passengers are chosen at random.

Natural disasters

Tornadoes are more common in the United States than in any other country

The U.S. is a huge country with very varied geography, and parts of it are occasionally affected by natural disasters: orkani in tropical storms from June through November in the Južno and along the East Coast, blizzards v Nova Anglija, near the Great Lakes, and in the Skalnate gore, tornado mostly in the Velike ravnice and Midwest, earthquakes on the West Coast and in Aljaska, floods in areas of the Midwest and Teksas in wildfires in the late summer and early fall in the western half, particularly Kalifornija in Jugozahod. See the regions in question for more details.

Because tornadoes are so common between the Rocky Mountains and the Appalachian Mountains, this area has earned itself the colloquial name Tornado Aleja. Hawaii contains several active volcanoes, but they are not usually a threat to life and limb. The last high profile eruption in the mainland U.S. was that of Mount Saint Helens in 1980.

In the case of a natural disaster, local, state or federal authorities can issue a warning over the Emergency Alert System. It has a very distinctive electronic screeching followed by a sound similar to a dial tone prior to any message. It will override AM/FM radio broadcasts as well as TV systems. Smartphones sold since about 2011 will often receive an alert message based on the current location of the phone (depending on the phone's settings, this may include a loud alert tone). Coast Guard weather is broadcast continuously on VHF marine radio for seafarers; a separate system (seven frequencies around 161 MHz) provides conditions ashore. Special "weather radios" are able to monitor the frequency, even in standby mode, and sound the alarm if deadly storms (such as tornadoes or hurricanes) are brewing. In most tornado-prone regions, a system of sirens will sound when a tornado warning is issued. If you hear the siren, seek shelter immediately. (For more information, see varnost tornada.)

Gay and lesbian

Castro Street pedestrian crosswalk with Rainbow Flag Colors

In general, the U.S. is a safe destination for gay and lesbian travelers, though as a whole, homosexuality is not quite as well accepted as in Australia, New Zealand, Canada or Western Europe. Most Americans take a live-and-let-live approach to sexuality, and anti-gay violence is very uncommon (though not totally unheard of), but you may receive unwanted attention or remarks in some situations or regions. In general, acceptance of homosexuality is most widespread (to a degree generally on par with Western Europe) in larger cities, college towns, in the Northeast and along the West Coast. However, this is just a general rule of thumb: you'll find homophobes (and, conversely, LGBT-accepting folks) in all corners of the country.

The mavrična zastava ali gay pride flag is widely known even outside the gay community, and is commonly used by both individuals and businesses to signal that they (as individuals) are LGBT themselves or tolerant thereof, or that they (as businesses) are LGBT-owned and/or welcoming to LGBT customers. Other symbols (such as the pink triangle, or specific flags for bisexual or transgender people) exist but are much less widely recognized.

Gay-friendly destinations include New Yorkje Chelsea, Austin, Chicagoje Boystown, Seattluje Capitol Hill, San Franciscoje Castro Street, Washingtonje Dupont Circle, Miami Beachje South Beach, Atlantaje Midtown, Los Angeles' Zahodni Hollywood in New Orleans. An increasing number of resort areas, too, are gay-friendly, including Ognjeni otok, Key West, Asheville, Provincetown, Ogunquit, Rehoboth Beach, Saugatuck, in Asbury Park. Even leaving aside major tourist destinations, most cities have specific neighborhoods where gay people tend to congregate, and many have resource centers for LGBT people.

If you're married to someone of the same sex, you may encounter some difficulties in more conservative areas of the country, but Supreme Court rulings have made it clear that no municipal, state or federal authority is allowed to treat same-sex relationships differently from opposite-sex ones, and employers are also not allowed to discriminate against employees based on their sexual orientation or gender identity. In most jurisdictions, individual businesses remain free to refuse service to gays and lesbians; fewer than twenty states list sexual orientation as a protected category (like race and gender) and fewer still extend these protections to transgender persons. Medtem transspolne osebe persons are not prohibited from travel, some have reported undue scrutiny at airport security checkpoints. A few large cities have enacted local anti-discrimination ordinances, and many places have alternative monthly or weekly publikacij providing LGBT-relevant news and event listings. National LGBT publications include Ven revija in Zagovornik.

Men planning to engage in any sexual activity should be aware of the heightened risk of HIV and other infections in the United States. A gay American man is 44 times more likely to contract HIV than a heterosexual one, and 46 times more likely to contract syphilis. This risk grows greatly among men likely to engage in one-night stands and other higher-risk behavior. In a nation where 0.5% of the population are infected with HIV, unprotected sex is a very real risk. Precautions, including using protection, are strongly advised during your stay. Most cities have affordable or free testing and treatment centers for STIs, though hours may be limited and waits may be long. Načrtovano starševstvo clinics are often an affordable alternative. Seeking healthcare elsewhere can be very pricey.

Droge

Opomba: You can be turned away from the U.S. border if you are carrying any substance prohibited by U.S. federal laws, including marijuana. You can also be turned away if you are employed in the cannabis industry where this is a legal activity. You can be banned from entering the U.S. for life if you lie to a customs official. Prehod the U.S. border with any quantity of cannabis in any form is a federal offense.

In general, U.S. drug laws can be pretty severe: even possession or transportation of small amounts can lead to prison or deportation. However, laws and attitudes concerning the most commonly available drug, marijuana, vary wildly from state to state. States like Louisiana and Florida impose large fines and lengthy prison sentences, while in other states marijuana use has been largely decriminalized. 18 states allow medical use of marijuana, where persons can obtain marijuana for medicinal use with a doctor's prescription and a "medical marijuana card". In some states, particularly cities on the West Coast, medical marijuana dispensaries are so commonplace that they seem almost ordinary. Many states also allow limited recreational use of marijuana, as does the Okrožje Columbia, although the status of legalization there is in doubt due to the District's unique Federal status.

In 2020, Oregon became the first U.S. state both to decriminalize the use of hard drugs and to fully legalize the use of psilocibin (so-called "magic mushrooms"). Additionally, some more liberal-minded cities (npr. Denver, Oakland, Santa Cruz, and Ann Arbor) have decriminalized hard drugs by municipal law.

However, both marijuana and hard drugs remain illegal under federal law. Under no circumstances should they be transported across state lines (even when it's legal on both sides of the border), onto Indian reservations, onto federal lands or properties (such as federal office buildings, military bases, and post offices), onto flights or across international borders (including Canada, where marijuana is legal). Doing so is considered drug trafficking and subject to the aforementioned harsh penalties. Airports such as Denver International increasingly have "cannabis amnesty boxes" pre, and sometimes bizarrely objava security, where one can get rid of any cannabis products without facing a penalty.

Prostitucija

Prostitution is illegal except at licensed brothels in rural Nevada. Tolerance varies considerably between states. Police officers occasionally pose as prostitutes to catch and arrest anyone offering to pay for sex.

Pištole

"No recreational shooting", Roxborough State Park, Kolorado

It's true: the U.S. has a strong gun culture, and many (but by no means all) Americans own a firearm. Possession of firearms is regulated by individual states, and while these regulations (obtaining necessary permits, the kinds of arms permitted) vary greatly from state to state and, sometimes, from city to city within the same state, the U.S. is generally considered to be a place with lenient attitudes towards firearm ownership, especially compared to Europe and Asia.

Although U.S. citizens have a constitutionally guaranteed right to own and carry firearms, non-immigrant aliens present in America for fewer than 180 days cannot legally possess a firearm or ammunition, unless they travelled specifically for hunting or sport shooting, ali they have a valid hunting license from the state they are shooting in. Entry in a recognized shooting competition also qualifies. Anything else is strictly illegal.

Opozorilo: People who have renounced U.S. citizenship are not allowed to possess firearms or ammunition, even for sporting purposes.

Your chances of getting shot are very low, ampak:

• In a city, a civilian with an openly visible firearm is generally a rare sight, and thus potentially more of a concern than one in the country. Nonetheless, since many states do permit "open carry", you may encounter somebody with a holstered firearm. Police officers, even detectives who wear civilian clothes on duty, will almost always carry firearms. Many states also have "concealed carry" laws which permit the possession of a concealed firearm in clothing or in a vehicle. Keep in mind that people with permits to carry a firearm, openly or concealed, are usually not criminals and not going to harm you. Though if you witness somebody brandishing a gun, dial 911, as brandishing a firearm is a crime in many states.
• Hunting is popular in rural America. Use of marked trails is generally safe, but if you plan to venture off the beaten path, find out where any hunting may be afoot. If so, everyone in your party (including your dog!) should wear bright colors, particularly "Blaze Orange", to be highly visible to the hunters. The timing and length of hunting seasons, and any applicable permits and regulations, vary between states—see respective state government websites for more information. Hunting is not normally allowed in national or state parks, but is permitted in some national forests.
• Target shooting is a popular sport. Many ranges welcome tourists and will have a variety of firearms available to rent and shoot at the range. Many implement a "two person minimum" rule and consider it unsafe to rent firearms to lone individuals.
• The legal carrying of firearms for protection by individuals hiking, exploring or camping in the wilderness is on the rise due to a small number of highly publicized incidents along well-known hiking trails. This is a controversial issue in the hiking/camping community, with strong arguments on both sides. The proponents argue that legal possession of a firearm does not increase the level of danger for bystanders: those who carry may very well have military or police backgrounds and be more than willing to assist others in an emergency.
• Zasebna last is more strongly protected in the U.S., both in law and in custom, than it is in many other parts of the world. In some areas, it is legal for owners to shoot people in defense of their property. While such incidents are rare, don't risk it - make sure you avoid taking shortcuts across land that might be privately owned, even if unfenced. In all cases, it's considered to be trespassing, which is a crime. If you are in an urgent situation where you have to seek refuge on someone's property, be sure to appropriately notify the owner, or you risk being mistaken for a trespasser.

Mass shootings occasionally make headlines in the U.S., but in such a huge country the risk to any individual is very low. je extremely unlikely to happen to you on your visit. If you would like to prepare for this remote possibility anyway, see this section.

Rasizem

Compared to many European and Asian countries, the U.S. is, at least publicly, a racially tolerant country. The U.S. Constitution, coupled with both state and federal law, prohibits racial discrimination in a range of public spheres such as employment, university admissions and receiving services from retail businesses. However, the Constitution also guarantees freedom of speech to a greater degree than in most other Western democracies, so it is unfortunately possible to encounter racist comments (both blatant and subtle) in public forums.

Still, most Americans are, or at least profess to be, tolerant of other races, and it is uncommon to face open aggression from random people solely as a result of one's race. The country goes through occasional periods of increased animosity toward racial minorities or immigrants, but the longer-term trend has been one of increasing tolerance and acceptance.

Amid the Pandemija covida-19, there has been a spike in racist incidents targeting people of East Asian descent, with some East Asians having become victims of hate crimes including assaults.

Ostani zdrav

Voda iz pipe is potable, but sometimes avoided due to the taste imparted by the chlorine used to purify it. It's of good quality in many places, including New York City; however, it tastes bad in certain low-rainfall areas, such as Santa Barbara, so you might prefer to drink bottled water or seltzer in those places. Bottled water is near ubiquitous and available for a variety of prices. Quality tends to be high and the chemical difference between a 50 cent bottle of water and a 5 dollar bottle of water is oftentimes negligible. Lead plumbing is still a problem in some places, as became evident in the high profile case of Flint, Michigan, but hotels and public water dispensers are unlikely to be affected.

Bolezen

Being a highly industrialized nation, the United States is largely free from most serious communicable diseases found in many developing nations; vendar HIV rate is higher than in Canada and Western Europe, with about a 0.5% infection rate in the overall population.

For the latest in traveler's health information pertaining to the United States, including advisories and recommendations, visit the Centri za nadzor in preprečevanje bolezni (CDC) website for health information for travellers to the United States.

Obstajata dve infectious diseases that are worth becoming educated about:

• Human cases of rabies are quite rare in the United States, though the disease is more prevalent in eastern regions of the country. Rabies is usually contracted from animal bites or saliva. If you are bitten by any mammal, even if it's "just a scratch", see a doctor as soon as possible. If you wait until you get symptoms of rabies, you are almost certain to die; if you get the vaccine before symptoms occur, you have a high chance of surviving. Netopirji and other small, wild animals are especially prone to carry the rabies virus. If you happen to find a bat in the room (particularly upon waking up, or in the room of an unattended child), call or see a doctor since there may have been an unnoticed bite. Avoid other wild mammals like raccoons, skunks, and foxes, even if they seem tame and approachable.
• Lyme disease is spread via the deer tick, which is prevalent in the woodlands and open fields of many rural areas. There have been cases of Lyme disease in every state, but the great majority have been reported in the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic states and Great Lakes states such as Wisconsin, Minnesota in Illinois. When venturing into the outdoors, it is a good idea to apply an insect repellent onto exposed skin surfaces that is effective against deer ticks. Should you get flu-like symptoms after hiking through wooded areas, make sure to get tested for Lyme disease, as it is often confused with other diseases, and early treatment is usually quite effective.

Other diseases that are endemic within the United States, but are of far less concern, include Hantaviral Pulmonary Syndrome (found in western regions), Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (mostly in the Rocky Mountain region), West Nile Virus (all regions) and Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis (particularly in the Midwest).

Due to the high amount of travel and the fact that diaspora communities from almost every country in the world have some presence here., the U.S. is somewhat more likely than other places to have "imported" cases of pandemics, as seen in the case of the Ebola epidemic of 2014. Again this is unlikely to be of concern to you.

Skrb za zdravje

American health care is generally first-class, but very expensive. Poskrbite, da bo vaš potovalno zavarovanje is valid for the U.S. Given the high costs, some "world-wide" insurance specifically does not cover the U.S. But if you can afford it, the U.S. is by far the world's leading nation in medical research, and you have at your disposal the most cutting edge treatments that are often not available anywhere else. Long-term visitors to the U.S. (e.g., work or student visa holders) are generally required to take up private health insurance as part of their visa conditions. If you are planning to work in the U.S., check with your employer to see if health insurance is provided as part of your employee benefits.

To the patient, America's public (20%), private for-profit (20%), and private not-for-profit (60%) hospitals are generally indistinguishable. Inner city public hospitals may be more crowded and less well maintained, but as a whole both costs and service levels are consistently high in all types. No hospital can refuse a life-threatening emergency case. Private hospitals may only stabilize such patients before sending them to a nearby public hospital, which will generally act as the regional center for 24-hour emergency treatment.

Ambulance in Pittsburgh

In a life-threatening emergency, dial 911 to summon an ambulance to take you to the nearest hospital emergency room ("ER"), or in less urgent situations get to the hospital yourself and register at the ER's front desk. Ambulance fees typically range from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars, and though they will never refuse to transport you in an emergency, the ambulance fees will be billed to you at a later date. Emergency rooms treat patients regardless of their ability to pay, even though their services are not free. Expect to pay at least $500 for a visit, plus the cost of any specific services or medications you are given. Izogibajte se using ERs for non-emergency walk-in care; they are 3–4 times more expensive than other options and your non-urgent condition means you will have a wait of hours or maybe days. Most urban areas also have minor emergency centers (also called "urgent care", etc.) for conditions that don't require a visit to the emergency room (e.g. superficial lacerations). Their hours may be limited; few are open at night.

Walk-in klinike can provide routine medical care; to find one, check the yellow pages (see By phone below) under "Clinics", or call a major hospital and ask. Patients see a doctor or nurse practitioner without an appointment (but often with a bit of a wait). They are typically very up-front about fees, and always accept credit cards. Make sure the clerk knows you will be paying "out of pocket"; if they assume an insurance company is paying, they may inflate the bill with unnecessary extras.

Dentists are accustomed to explaining fees over the phone, and most will accept credit cards. Health insurance typically does ne provide dental coverage; you will need to take up separate dental insurance for that.

Government-supported clinics offering free or low-cost testing and treatment for sexually transmitted diseases are widespread. Local Health Departments will provide more details. Načrtovano starševstvo (1-800-230-7526) is a private agency with clinics and centers around the country providing birth control and other reproductive health services.

Note the difference between a red cross and a green cross: in the United States, anything medically related will have a red cross, whereas medical marijuana dispensaries will have a green cross.

Spopadite se

Verske službe

Christian visitors looking to attend religious services should have no problem locating a house of worship, even in small towns. A typical medium-sized American town or city probably has one or more Catholic parishes, several Protestant churches (the most common being Baptist, Pentecostal, Lutheran, Presbyterian, Methodist and Episcopal/Anglican), and possibly other houses of worship depending on the demographics of the area (such as synagogues or mosques).

Most churches in the United States practice an "open table", meaning they welcome you to participate in worship, and some or all rituals, even if you're not a member of their religious denomination. Some churches, and some entire denominations, welcome LGBT individuals.

Some churches also have after-church luncheon for free or at a nominal cost. Visitors are always welcome to stay for lunch and fellowship as a way to meet locals.

News and media

The United States has a free and vibrant press industry, with a wide array of news outlets covering the gamut in terms of focus, factual accuracy and political biases.

Though it's not as ubiquitous as before the advent of the Internet, print media isn't dead yet. Just about every mid-sized city (and many small ones) has a daily newspaper covering local news and often some national news. Major metropolitan areas will usually have more than one paper to choose from. With a few exceptions (mostly tabloids like the New York Post in New York Daily News), most papers provide reasonably balanced coverage of hard news, with their political biases manifesting themselves only in their editorial or opinion sections.

The national paper of record is New York Times ($2.50 daily, $6 Sunday); its coverage of national and international issues makes it daily reading just about anywhere in the country. For financial news, Wall Street Journal (also based in NYC, $2) is similarly well-respected and widely read. For a more casual but still informative format, ZDA danes ($2) is published five days a week; it's the most widely circulated print newspaper in the country. Many hotels offer free copies of either the local paper or ZDA danes; ask at the front desk. Other widely read papers include the Los Angeles Times (known for its West Coast coverage) and Washington Post (with exemplary political reporting from the nation's capital). Čas in Newsweek are newsmagazines published weekly that offer more in-depth feature coverage.

Major metropolitan areas also have a full suite of broadcast television stations; small cities might have only two or three local stations, especially if they're within broadcast range of a larger city. The major broadcast networks are ABC, CBS, NBC, lisica, in PBS (taxpayer-subsidized public broadcasting); each has local stations in each market that broadcast local and national news, syndicated shows, and in-house TV series. Almost the entire country is wired for cable TV, with hundreds of channels running the gamut from news to sports to entertainment.

Broadcast radio is a much more fragmented market than television; major cities have dozens of stations on both AM and FM bands. The AM band is mostly used for talk formats; music stations are almost exclusively found on the FM band. Many rental cars come equipped with satellite radio iz SiriusXM, which offers hundreds of channels of music, comedy, news, talk, and sports, without the need to keep finding new stations as you drive across the country.

Spoštovanje

Burning Man, Nevada

The United States is a very diverse country, meaning that cultural norms can vary significantly from region to region, and it is difficult to generalize what could be offensive and what could not. For instance, while making homophobic statements would be very offensive in a liberal area like New York City, the opposite could be true in a strongly Evangelical rural town in the South.

• It is polite to firmly shake hands when meeting someone or being introduced, and when concluding a business meeting or departing for a long time, though handshaking is often skipped in less formal situations. In casual situations, some people may offer a fist bump, a more complicated handshake or even a hug. Just follow along; mistakes in those situations are no big deal at all. Kissing on the cheeks in greeting is rare and usually done only between close friends and family.

• As an adult, once you're introduced to someone, you can usually call them by their first name. If someone gives samo their first name when being introduced, you can definitely call them that way. Calling someone by their last name is more formal, and with rare exceptions (e.g. sports teams) is always done with "Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss", or with a professional title (e.g., "Doctor [last name]" or "Professor [last name]" or "Officer [last name]"). Such professional titles can also be used alone without a name ("Doctor" [only for a medical doctor], "Professor" or "Officer"), but not so with "waiter", "bus/taxi driver", "flight attendant", etc., which are jobs, not titles. If you don't know someone's name, use "sir/ma'am".

  If you're still not certain, and there are no locals around to set an example, it's safer to be overly polite and use last names. Many people will soon respond with "Please, call me [first name]". Alternatively, you can ask someone how they would like to be addressed.

  • Students should call teachers "Professor [last name]" or "Professor" (at college level), or "Dr. [last name]" or "Mr./Mrs./Ms./Miss [last name]" (at any level) depending on whether the teacher has a doctoral degree. "Instructor" and "teacher" are jobs, not titles, so you can talk about "my instructor" or "your teacher", but should not call someone "Instructor" or "Teacher". That being said, it is fairly common for PhD students to address their supervisors by first names; when in doubt, just follow the example of your fellow students.

    There's no set way to address a college TA (teaching assistant); calling them "Professor" is totally inaccurate, and "teaching assistant" is not a title. Sticking with "Mr./Ms." is a safe option, although since TAs are fellow students, most will accept or prefer first names.

  • At a homestay, a safe choice is to call your homestay parents "Mr./Mrs. [last name]" (in this instance, you don't need to use "Dr." in place of "Mr./Mrs."); in most of the country, that's what their children's friends would normally call them. Depending on the family, they may ask you to call them by their first names, or even to call them "mom" and "dad".
• Unless it is really crowded, leave about an arm's length of personal space between yourself and others.
• Punctuality is valued: being five minutes late is not usually a problem, but if you will be any later, try to call ahead in order to give a warning.
• Americans often draw a strong distinction between their delo in personal life. As a general rule, it is inappropriate to ask people more than superficial details about their family and other aspects of their personal life.
• As a result of the country's history of racial discrimination and the modern push toward equality, Americans are exceptionally touchy about issues of dirka. If you have to reference race, Črna ali Afriško ameriški, Azijski, Latino ali Hispanic, Ameriški domorodec ali Ameriški indijanec, Pacifiški otočan, in Bela ali Kavkaški are acceptable terms.
  • There are some racist tropes that have historically appeared in caricatures, and it is best to avoid alluding to any of them in normal conversation. A lot of this is probably common sense, but there are a few that might not be obvious to some foreign visitors to the United States. For example, African-Americans have been caricatured in print and film countless times eating fried chicken and watermelon, so tread carefully when asking an African-American where to get these.
  • Do not tell jokes about race or ethnicity; some of these may be told casually in many other countries, but they are very likely to cause offense in the U.S.
  • Avoid showing or talking about Confederate symbols, especially Confederate flags or the song "Dixie". Although regarded by some as an integral part of Southern identity, these are controversial throughout most of the country and increasingly associated with white supremacy, racism and other negative stereotypes about the South.
  • The Swastika symbol is very offensive in the U.S. owing to its association with anti-Semitism, Nazism and white supremacy. You should avoid displaying the symbol, even for religious reasons.
• Spol in spolnost are also sensitive issues and best avoided as conversation topics with people you don't know well. As with race, jokes about these are also very likely to offend and best avoided.
• Obstajajo Indijski pridržki scattered throughout the country. Many of these reservations are home to sites that are sacred to the tribe, and certain places may be off-limits to all but tribe members. If you enter a reservation, respect its land and people.
• Nadzor orožja is a very polarizing and sensitive issue. Visitors (particularly to rural areas, which tend toward vehement opposition to any legal restrictions on firearm ownership whatsoever) should avoid this topic of conversation if at all possible, and tread very lightly otherwise.
• Since at least the 1990s, the trend has been for Americans to become increasingly polarized in their political beliefs, and nowadays, political allegiance can take precedence over reason and civility. If it even sounds like you are saying something positive about a political figure or policy that someone is against (or speaking ill of a figure or policy they support), you may receive some verbal hostility. However, physically violent reactions to political statements remain rare.

Also see the section on prevrnitev, and the section on smoking.

Obleka

Obleka in the U.S. tends to be fairly casual. For everyday clothes, jeans and T-shirts are always acceptable, as are shorts when the weather is suitable. Sneakers (athletic shoes) are common; flip-flops and sandals are also popular in warm weather. In the winter seasons in northern states boots are commonly worn.

In general, dress code is a bit more formal in the metropolises of the East Coast, and in the South (where "Southern style" is a surviving concept), and more relaxed the further west you go.

Generally, Americans accept religious attire such as yarmulkes, hijabs and burqas without comment.

At the workplace, business casual (slacks, understated collared shirts without a tie, and non-athletic shoes) is now the default at many companies. More traditional industries (e.g. finance, legal, and insurance) still require suits and ties. Other industries (e.g. computer software) are even more casual, allowing jeans and even shorts for everyday wear; as a business visitor, a safe choice would be business casual, or jeans and a collared shirt.

When dressing up for nice restaurants or upscale entertainment, a pair of nice slacks, a collared shirt, and dress shoes will work almost everywhere. Ties for men are rarely necessary, but jackets are occasionally required for very upscale restaurants in big cities (such restaurants will almost always have jackets to lend).

At the beach or pool, men prefer loose bathing trunks or boardshorts, and women wear bikinis or one-piece swimsuits. Nude bathing is not generally acceptable and is usually illegal except at certain private beaches or resorts; even women going topless is not usually accepted by most people, and is also illegal in some states.

Breastfeeding in public can be a touchy subject. While most mothers in the U.S. do breastfeed at home for at least a little while, a woman doing so in public, whether covered or not, can elicit complaints about indecent exposure, often from other mothers. All states/territories except Idaho and Puerto Rico have laws explicitly allowing women to breastfeed in public, and 29 states plus D.C. and the Virgin Islands also exempt breastfeeding from prosecution for public indecency or indecent exposure; some businesses have also changed their policies in the last few years to allow and protect breastfeeding mothers. However, public attitudes vary, and a mother breastfeeding in public, particularly uncovered, may receive some unwanted stares and in rare cases negative comments.

Povežite se

By phone

Phone charging station at Newark airport

Domestic calls

The koda države for the U.S. is 1. The long-distance prefix (trunk code) is also "1", so U.S. telephone numbers are frequently written as an eleven-digit number: "1-nnn-nnn-nnnn". The rest of the telephone number consists of ten digits: a three-digit območna koda, and a seven-digit number. There can be many area codes in large cities, and only one or two for the entirety of a mostly rural state. The area code does not indicate whether a number is a mobile or a landline. Also, many Americans do not change their numbers when they move, so the area code of their mobile number may not match landlines in the region.

From a mobile phone, a domestic call is simple: always dial ten digits without the "1".

From a fixed line, you can usually dial a local number using ten digits. New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago in San Francisco require eleven digits. Regions with only one area code usually allow seven digits. If a number is written or given without the area code, you can usually dial it like that locally, but dialing ten digits also works. For long-distance and toll-free, always dial eleven digits.

Domestic calls to area codes 800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844 and 833 are toll-free. From a fixed line, they must be dialed using the full 11-digit pattern. With few exceptions (such as Canada or, rarely, Mexico) these are not reachable from abroad. (VoIP in uporabniki Skypea se bodo morda lahko izognili tej omejitvi s klicanjem prek prehoda s sedežem v ZDA.)

Mednarodni klici

Za klic v tujini iz ZDA, mednarodna dostopna koda je 011. Pri mobilnem telefonu bo deloval tudi »«.

Kanada, ameriška ozemlja, Bermuda in 17 karibskih držav so del območja Severnoameriški načrt oštevilčenjain imajo enako 1 kodo države kot klici v ZDA. Klici med temi državami se kličejo samo s polno 11-mestno številko, brez kode za dostop "011" ali "", vendar se skoraj vsi zaračunavajo po mednarodnih cenah. Klici med ZDA in njihovimi ozemlji so lahko dražji od klicev v sosednjih 48 zveznih državah in DC, ali celo klici med celinsko ZDA in Kanado (ki se običajno zaračunavajo po višji tarifi kot domači klici, vendar nižji od drugih mednarodnih klicev) . Aljaska in Havaji lahko doplačajo tudi za domače klice, odvisno od operaterja in tarifnega načrta.

Telefoni in imeniki

Plačljivi telefoni je težko najti. Verjetno so lokacije v trgovinah in restavracijah ali v bližini, vhodi v nakupovalna središča in v bližini avtobusnih postajališč. Večina jih uporablja kovance (četrtine, drobiži in niklji) in ne sprejemajo bankovcev. Cene običajno znašajo 0,50 USD za prve tri minute in 0,25 USD za vsako dodatno minuto. Spletni imenik plačljivih telefonov je na voljo na Imenik plačilnega telefona. Klici na 911 (za prijavo nujnega primera) in brezplačne področne kode (800, 888, 877, 866, 855, 844 in 833) so brezplačni. Nekaj ​​komercialnih brezplačnih številk blokira dohodne klice iz ameriških govorilnic.

Telefonski imeniki so pogosto razdeljeni na dve knjigi: bele strani seznam telefonskih številk po abecedi po priimku in rumeni tisk seznam podjetij po kategorijah (npr. "Taksiji"). Veliko stanovanjskih stacionarnih telefonov in vseh mobilnih telefonov ni na seznamu. Pomoč pri imenikih lahko (z doplačilom) dobite s klicem 411 (za krajevne številke) oz 1-[območna koda]-555-1212 (za druga področja). Če 411 ne deluje, poskusite 555-1212, [območna koda]-555-1212 ali 1-[območna koda]-555-1212. Brezplačne informacije o imeniku (z oglasi) je na voljo: pokličite 1-800-FREE-411 (1-800-3733-411) ali brskajte free411.com ali 411.info. Spletna mesta regionalnih telefonskih podjetij (najpogosteje AT&T, Verizon ali CenturyLink) ponujajo tudi informacije o imenikih. Uporaba spletne strani podjetja, ki deluje v regiji, ki vas zanima, daje najboljše rezultate.

Medkrajevni telefon klicne kartice so na voljo v večini trgovin. Običajno so namenjeni določenim vrstam klicev (npr. Domači ali v določene države). Kredit lahko pogosto napolnimo po telefonu s kreditno ali debetno kartico, vendar lahko tuje bančne kartice zavrnemo. Klici s kartic prek brezplačnih številk, natisnjenih na karticah, so lahko dražji. Obstajajo lahko tudi dejanski stroški na povezavo in na minuto; nekatere kartice vsebujejo tudi skrite tedenske ali mesečne stroške, ki zmanjšujejo njihovo vrednost.

Mobilni telefoni

Tri največja mobilna telefonska omrežja v ZDA so AT&T, Verizon Wireless, in T Mobile. Vsi imajo dobro pokritost skoraj vseh mestnih / primestnih in številnih podeželskih območij države, čeprav ima vsaka mreža močna in šibka območja.

Za klicanje na mobilni telefon ni doplačila (klici na mobilni telefon se zaračunavajo enako kot klici na stacionarni telefon), mobilni telefoni pa pri klicanju na medkrajevni klic ne plačujejo doplačil. Namesto tega mobilni telefoni sami zaračunajo vso uporabo, odhodno in dohodno. Z drugimi besedami, klic na / z mobilnega telefona nosi enako ceno na ta mobilni telefon, vendar ni pomembno, ali je lokalno, domače na dolge razdalje ali brezplačno. Kreditni paketi od 25 USD na mesec omogočajo klice v vrednosti sto minut. Neuspeli klic (ali "neodgovorjeni klic") bo zaračunan, saj vam zaračunamo od trenutka, ko pokličete.

Če želite imeti mobilni telefon v ZDA med potovanjem, imate na voljo več možnosti:

• Uporaba telefona od doma je mogoče, če je združljiv. Severna Amerika in zahodna polovica Južne Amerike uporabljata frekvence 850 in 1900 MHz, namesto 900 in 1800 MHz, ki se uporabljajo drugje. Če imate telefon iz iste regije ali ga imate tri- ali štiripasovni (kar vključuje številne sodobne telefone), bi morali biti v redu; v nasprotnem primeru vam ta možnost ne bo uspela. Vsi operaterji uporabljajo isti standard 4G LTE, ki se uporablja na mednarodni ravni. Pri telefonih 3G pa morate biti pozorni tudi na to, ali je vaš telefon GSM / UMTS (uporabljata ga AT&T in T-Mobile; običajno v Evropi) ali CDMA (uporabljata ga Verizon in nekdanji operater Sprint, ki je zdaj hčerinsko podjetje T Mobile). Storitev samo 2G GSM se postopno ukinja in po letu 2020 ne bo več na voljo.
  • Storitev gostovanja (uporaba vaše domače telefonske številke s preprostim klicem prek ameriškega omrežja) je draga in je odvisna od omrežij, s katerimi imate sklenjene pogodbe z vašim domačim ponudnikom, ter od provizij vašega ponudnika. Internetni podatkovni načrti so povsod v ZDA, vendar običajno visoke cene postanejo pretirane, ko se dodajo cene gostovanja.
    • Kanadski mobilni telefoni se lahko gibljejo pri 1,50 CAD na minuto ali več, čeprav se načrti razlikujejo; Uporabniki predplačniškega gotovine morda sploh ne bodo gostovali. Freedom Mobile ponuja dober paket.

  • Nakup kartice SIM je boljši način za uporabo vašega osebnega telefona; z namestitvijo kartice SIM v telefon boste imeli predplačano lokalno telefonsko številko v ZDA brez pogodbe, klice v vrednosti sto minut in veliko količino podatkov. Zaradi cen je za daljše bivanje varčnejše, vendar ugodnost poceni klicev in podatkov naredi to privlačno možnost za vsakega obiskovalca.

    Kartice SIM so na voljo v večini trgovin z elektroniko, pa tudi pri nekaterih trgovcih na drobno, vključno z Wal-Martom in Targetom. Prepričajte se, da vaš telefon ni zaklenjen s kartico SIM in je združljiv s kartico SIM in frekvencami omrežja. Pogoje natančno preberite, saj nekateri načrti ponavljajo mesečne pogodbe in ne enkratni predplačniški načrti.

    Ponudniki, ki prodajajo predplačniške kartice SIM, vključujejo AT & T-ov GoPhone, Kriket (ki je v lasti AT&T), Neposredni pogovor prinesite svoj telefon in T Mobile.

• Nakup predplačniških minut in osnovnega mobilnega telefona je vaša naslednja najboljša možnost. Te je mogoče najti v nekaterih trgovinah, v večini trgovin z elektroniko, pisarniškim materialom in trgovinami ter seveda v spletu. Osnovni telefon (brez dostopa do interneta) in 60–100 minut časa lahko kupite za manj kot 50 USD. Nekatere predplačniške storitve poleg minut zaračunavajo pavšalno pristojbino na mesec (npr. 20 USD / mesec) ali pristojbino za dneve, ko se telefon dejansko uporablja (npr. 1,25 USD / dan). Predplačniška, brezpogodbena storitev mobilnega telefona je na voljo pri številnih ponudnikih, ki uporabljajo samo predplačnike, kot npr Boost Mobile, Kriket, Neposreden pogovor, TracFone, in Virgin Mobile ZDA, pa tudi omejena ponudba glavnih prevoznikov: AT & T-ov GoPhone, T Mobile, in Verizon predplačniško brezžično.
• Izposoja telefona stroški znašajo približno 3 USD na dan in jih lahko kupite v trgovinah na večini večjih letališč. Odvisno od tega, kako dolgo ostanete in koliko načrtujete klicanje ali uporabo podatkov, je morda ceneje ali lažje uporabiti predplačniško kartico SIM ali predplačniški telefon.
• Pridobitev telefonske pogodbe je smiselno, če nameravate ostati dlje. Če že nekaj mesecev ne živite v ZDA, ne boste imeli bonitetne ocene, ki jo priznajo ponudniki storitev v ZDA in se ne boste mogli naročiti na te načrte (čeprav vam bodo nekateri ponudniki dovolili, da jo dobite s pologom , običajno najmanj 500 USD). Pogodbe običajno zahtevajo 24-mesečno obveznost (stroški odpovedi lahko dosežejo 300 USD!) Za mesečni tarifni načrt, v zameno pa subvencionirajo stroške telefona (tako so osnovni telefoni "brezplačni", pametni telefoni pa "stanejo" le 50–200 USD). ).

Po pošti

Poštni center za samopostrežne storitve

Naslavljanje pošte s pravilno oblikovanim naslovom bo pospešilo pot z Poštna služba Združenih držav (USPS, ne gre zamenjati z zasebnim UPS pošiljateljem). The Poštna številka (poštna številka) je pomembno in lahko poiščite poštne številke in popravite oblike naslovov na spletu. Petmestna poštna številka označuje glavno pošto; 4-mestni podaljšek (priporočen, vendar neobvezno) lahko to zoži na eno podjetje ali posamezno stavbo. Naslove je treba zapisati v treh do štirih vrsticah z imenom prejemnika, hišno številko in imenom ulice, apartmaja ali številke stavbe, mesta ali mesta, dvočrkovne okrajšave države, poštne številke, npr .:

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Prvovrstne mednarodne letalske poštne razglednice in pisma (do ene unče / 28,5 grama) stanejo 1,20 USD. Vse lokacije z poštno številko se štejejo za domače, vključno s 50 državami, posestmi ZDA, Mikronezija (FSM), Marshallovi otoki, Palau in čezmorske vojaške baze, ladje (APO ali FPO) in diplomatska mesta (APO ali DPO). Domače razglednice stanejo 0,35 USD, navadne črke do unče pa 0,55 USD (2019). Znamke "Forever" so na voljo za prvo unčo domače in mednarodne poštnine in varujejo pred prihodnjim povečanjem. Pošiljanje debelih ali togih predmetov ali nestandardnih oblik poveča stroške poštnine.

Poste Restante, se imenuje prejemanje pošte na pošti in ne na zasebnem naslovu Splošna dostava. Za to storitev se ne zaračuna. Za prevzem pošte morate predložiti osebni dokument, kot je potni list. Pošte običajno pošiljajo pošto do 30 dni. Če je mesto dovolj veliko, da ima več pošt, samo en (običajno v središču centra) omogoča splošno dostavo.

FedEx in UPS imata tudi možnost »Zadrži za prevzem« in imata lokacije v večjih mestih v ZDA, čeprav so običajno dražja, vendar so morda boljša možnost, ko prejmejo kaj pomembnega iz tujine.

Po internetu

Glede na vseprisotnost zasebnega dostopa do interneta so internetne kavarne redko zunaj večjih mest in turističnih območij. Vendar imate nekaj možnosti, razen morda na najbolj podeželskih območjih. Dostopna omrežja Wi-Fi pa so pogosta.

Brezžično

Najbolj uporabna mesta Wi-Fi so v kavarne, verige hitre prehrane in knjigarne, čeprav boste morda morali najprej kaj kupiti. Nekatera mesta ponujajo tudi brezplačen brezžični internet v celotnem središču mesta.

Nekaj ​​manj očitnih mest Wi-Fi najdete v:

• Javne knjižnice - Brezplačen brezžični internet je skoraj vedno na voljo, čeprav se boste morda morali prijaviti na informacijskem pultu. Omrežje je lahko dostopno celo 24 ur na dan, vse dni v tednu, zato boste tudi, če je knjižnica zaprta, lahko sedeli zunaj in brskali.
• Hoteli - verižni hoteli ga imajo običajno v sobah in na skupnih površinah; manjši neodvisni hoteli se razlikujejo. Predcenjena možnost v vrhunskih hotelih, vendar je vključevala standard v večini gospodarsko omejenih servisnih verig.
• Šole in univerze - imajo lahko v svojih knjižnicah in študentskih centrih odprta omrežja, ki so odprta za študente. Nekateri imajo omrežja, dostopna po celotnem kampusu, tudi na prostem.
• Letališča - še manjši regionalni ponujajo Wi-Fi. Pogosto pa stanejo denar. Letališki saloni običajno nudijo neomejen brezplačen brezžični internet.
• Plačljive verige Wi-Fi - vam omogočijo dostop do številnih dostopnih točk za majhno doplačilo, npr. Boingo.

Mobilna širokopasovna povezava možnost prek USB modema. Ponudniki storitev vključujejo Verizon Wireless in Virgin Mobile (ki uporablja omrežje Sprint). Pred nakupom preverite zemljevid pokritosti, saj ima vsako podjetje velika območja s slabo pokritostjo ali brez nje. Za te načrte veljajo tudi omejitve podatkov, ki jih je nevede mogoče enostavno preseči! Izogibajte se gledanju videoposnetkov prek mobilnega omrežja.

Javni PC terminali

Internetne kavarne še vedno najdemo v nekaterih večjih mestih. Letališča in nakupovalna središča ponujajo terminale za dostop do interneta za hitro uporabo, čeprav ti praviloma izginjajo. Dostop običajno stane 1 USD za 1-2 minuti spletnega časa. Vsak javni računalnik bo verjetno blokiral dostop do nezaželenih spletnih mest.

Upoštevate lahko tudi:

• Javne knjižnice - imeti računalnike s širokopasovno povezavo za javno uporabo, vendar boste morda potrebovali knjižnico. Nekatere knjižnice dajejo brezplačne internetne kartice, ki nimajo pravic posojanja knjig za obiskovalce zunaj območja.
• Fotokopirnice - bodo imeli računalnike na voljo za javno uporabo (ob plačilu), npr. FedExova pisarna (☏ 1-800-GOFEDEX (4633339); na poziv glasovnega menija recite "FedEx Office" ali pritisnite "64") je odprta 24 ur in je po vsej državi. Nekateri so tudi komercialni agenti za sprejemanje pošte (na primer The UPS Store) in ponujajo storitve faksiranja.
• Hoteli - vsi razen najbolj špartanskih imajo "poslovna središča" z računalniki, tiskalniki in včasih tudi fotokopirnimi stroji in telefaksi.
• Trgovine z elektroniko - razstavljeni računalniki so pogosto povezani z internetom. Hitro e-pošto bomo prenašali z nasmehom; šest ur Warcrafta ne bo. Apple Store je še posebej radodarna in omogoča brskanje brez namena nakupa; vendar so nekatera spletna mesta, na primer Facebook, blokirana.
• Univerzitetne knjižnice - medtem ko lahko zasebne univerze omejijo vstop svojim študentom in profesorjem, javne univerzitetne knjižnice po zakonu običajno morajo biti odprte za javnost in imajo lahko tudi računalnik ali dva za javno uporabo.