Pohodništvo v nordijskih državah - Hiking in the Nordic countries

Jezero Atnsjøen in Rondane masiv.

V Nordijske države od Finska, Islandija, Norveška in Švedska obstajajo velika redko poseljena območja, primerna za nahrbtnik v divjini in večdnevne pohodniške počitniške hiše ter območja za dnevne pohode tudi v bližini večine mest in vasi - na Norveškem, vključno s pohodi na visoke vrhove. V nordijskih državah je bogata pokrajina, od vulkanske Islandije do vzhodnih gozdov na Finskem, od alpskih gora na Norveškem do nežne nižine na Danskem in jugu Švedske. The svoboda pohajkovanja, imenovano tudi pravica do dostopa ali v švedščini / norveščini allemansrätten / allemannsretten ("pravice vsakega človeka"), vsem omogoča dostop do večine narave.

Pozimi, kar lahko pomeni od januarja do februarja ali od oktobra do maja, odvisno od cilja, tek na smučeh je takšna pot vsaj na daljših razdaljah na mnogih območjih - nahrbtniki v divjini in smučanje na daljavi bolj ali manj veljajo za isto dejavnost. Na destinacijah s pohodniškimi potmi so pozimi pogosto smučarske proge.

Nekateri spodnji nasveti so pomembni tudi za druge načine raziskovanja naravne krajine.

Za Ferski otoki, Grenlandija in Svalbard, glej njihove glavne članke.

Medtem ko so območja divjine na Danskem v primerjavi z drugimi nordijskimi državami zelo majhna, ima država še vedno nekaj možnosti za življenje na prostem. Glej Primitivno kampiranje na Danskem.

	COVID-19 informacije: Do norveške koče v divjini ni več dovoljeno priti brez rezervacije. Na Finskem so spomladi 2020 ustanove zaprli, vendar so jih znova odprli, obiskovalce pa samo prosijo, naj se izogibajo prenatrpanim počivališčem in skrbno upoštevajo priporočila glede higiene, razdalje itd. Milo in razkužila niso na voljo, zato jih morate nositi sami.
	(Podatki so bili nazadnje posodobljeni 02. februarja 2021)

Razumeti

Pot ob jasi z mlado brezo na jugu Švedske.

Norveška, Švedska in Finska skupaj pokrivajo površino več kot milijon kvadratnih kilometrov, kar je desetkrat širše od Avstrije in Švice skupaj. Območje pohodništva vključuje vlažne, blage atlantske fjorde in obale Norveške, skozi divje alpske visoke vrhove skandinavskih gora, do širokih planot in globokih notranjih gozdov.

Pred nekaj generacijami je večina ljudi v nordijskih državah živela na podeželju. Zaradi redke populacije in pičlih polj so gozdarstvo, ribištvo in obiranje jagodičja mnogim prinesli pomemben dodaten prihodek. Danes so pohodništvo, ribolov in nabiranje jagodičja bistveni del počitnic za številne lokalne prebivalce, predvsem kot zabava na poletni koči. Niso vsi resni pohodniki iz tujine - vendar jih je kar nekaj.

Eden od vidikov nordijske tradicije na prostem, lov, je za mnoge iz držav, kjer je bilo to rezervirano za lastnike zemljišč, višji sloj, nenavaden. V nordijskih državah so bili gozdovi v veliki meri v lasti kmetov, ti pa so imeli lov kot včasih pomemben dopolnilni vir hrane. Na podeželju je del lokalnega lovskega kluba normalno. Finska beseda za divjino, erämaa, pomeni tudi lovišča in ribolovna območja. V starih časih so ljudje hodili na trekinge ravno po hrano in krzno, pohodništvo pa vključuje sledove te tradicije, vsaj za nekatere pohodnike.

Tudi oddaljena območja so redko resnično nedotaknjena. Na severu se večina območij uporablja za rejo severnih jelenov. Večina nezaščitenega gozda se uporablja za gozdarstvo. V praksi bo večina ljudi to opazila le občasno.

Zaradi redke populacije, zlasti na severu, bodo poti precej mirne, razen v bližini glavnih turističnih krajev. Zunaj poti boste videli le malo ljudi v bližini mest. V bližini glavnih cest boste morda slišali promet, na redkeje poseljenih območjih pa boste kmalu zaslišali le tišino.

Podnebje in teren

Biogeografska regija Skandinavskih gora (Rdeča = alpska regija, rumena = atlantska regija, zelena = borealna regija, modra = arktična regija).

Vrsta terena in vremenske razmere se zelo razlikujejo, od strmih norveških gora do skoraj ravnih ravnic finske Ostrobotnije, od zmernega in deževnega podnebja na atlantski obali do skoraj celinskega podnebja na celinski Finski in od toplega zmernega podnebja na jugu do ledenikov v gorah in tundre na samem severu.

Manj kot 5% kopenske površine Norveške je razvito (kmetijska zemljišča, ceste, mesta), delež pa je podoben v drugih državah. Na Norveškem je približno 50% površine nekakšen odprt prostor brez gozda, vključno s trdnimi tlemi brez gozdov in golo skalo, več kot 30% gozdov in približno 5% mokrišč in barja (zlasti na vzhodni Norveški, Trøndelagu in Finnmarku) , 5% je sladke vode (reke in jezera), 1% pa trajni led ali sneg. Na Finskem je 70% gozdov, medtem ko je odprti prostor večinoma iz jezer in barja, na samem severu pa tudi velika področna območja. Tudi na Švedskem so mokrišča pogosta (približno 20% površine). Približno 63% Islandije je puste pokrajine, 23% ima nekakšno rastlinstvo, 12% pokrivajo ledeniki in 3% jezera.

Storitve vremenskih napovedi so na splošno dobre kakovosti, za njihovo razlago pa bodo morda potrebne lokalne izkušnje: vetrovne razmere se razlikujejo glede na lokalno topologijo, za številne temperature pa so v povprečju navedeni le povprečni dnevni maksimumi, treba je določiti nihanje in nočne temperature. Veter je na splošno močnejši v visokih in pustih gorah ter ob zunanji obali. Razlika med najvišjo in najnižjo temperaturo v določenem dnevu je običajno v območju 3–15 ° C (5–30 ° F), razen če pride do pomembnih vremenskih sprememb. Jasno nebo bo običajno pomenilo mrzlo noč. Povprečne najvišje dnevne temperature v juliju se gibljejo od približno 15 ° C (60 ° F) do približno 23 ° C (75 ° F), odvisno od lokacije, januarja od približno ledišča do približno -10 ° C (15 ° F), visoke gore ne šteje. Ekstremne temperature se lahko razlikujejo od 35 ° C (95 ° F) poleti do -50 ° C (-55 ° F) pozimi na severu.

Storitve vremenske napovedi in informacije o podnebju so na voljo za Finsko pri meteorološki inštitut (pametne telefone) ali Foreca, za Norveško iz Meteorološka pisarna in vremenske novice in za Islandijo iz Islandski meteorološki urad.

Območje je na obmejnem območju med zahodnjaki in subarktiko; v vremenu lahko prevladuje določen vremenski sistem ali pa je težko napovedati izmenično vreme. V bližini atlantske obale (tj. Na Islandiji ter na Norveškem in v bližini) in na visoki nadmorski višini so pogoste hitre vremenske spremembe.

Rečna dolina v Južna Islandija.

Visoke gore in ledenike je v nekaterih obdobjih leta težko obiskati. Ko ocenjujete nadmorsko višino, ne pozabite, da je lahko drevesna meja v najsevernejših predelih Finske in Norveške tudi pod 400 m. V visokogorju Norveške in Islandije lahko sneg ostane po zimi do junija, velike zaplate pa lahko ostanejo celo poletje. Peš je norveške visoke gore na splošno mogoče obiskati le v drugi polovici poletja in zgodaj jeseni (običajno od julija do septembra, obiskovalci bi morali dobiti posebne informacije za vsako območje).

Površje v visokogorju je večinoma zelo razgibano, pogosto ohlapno kamenje, balvani, sneg in ledeniki - pohodništvo je običajno naporno in potrebni so dobri čevlji. Ta robustna, gola površina se na Norveškem zdi na precej nižji nadmorski višini kot v celinski Evropi ali v Skalnatih gorah ZDA; tudi na 1000 do 1500 metrih nadmorske višine obstajajo visoke alpske razmere, poleti skoraj ne ostane vegetacije in snežnih polj.

Na severu Norveške je skoraj 150 metrov pod drevesno mejo padel rezek brezev gozd. Vrbo grmičevje v ospredju.

Na nižjih nadmorskih višinah, vendar nad drevesno mejo, je pogosto lahko pešačen padec. To je tipičen teren v "nizkih padcih" (lågfjäll), na primer na samem severu Finske ter med visokimi gorami in gozdovi na Švedskem. Moker teren v bližini drevesne meje je pogosto debelo pokrit z vrbo (Salix) grmičevje, kar težko je priti skozi. Doline so pogosto gozdnate, predvsem z podrto brezo, pa tudi nekaj krajev z borovimi in nekoliko nižjimi borovimi in smrekovimi gozdovi.

Borovi in ​​smrekovi gozdovi so najbolj zahodni del velikega severnoevroazijskega tajgenega pasu. Tajga pas zajema večino Finske in Švedske ter dele Norveške (zlasti vzhodno Norveško in nekatere obmejne regije). V nižinah, zlasti ponekod na Finskem in Švedskem, je tudi veliko blat in barja. Ledena doba je pustila puščave, ki dajejo pokrajini poseben valovit značaj v nekaterih regijah. Večina južne Finske in Švedske je bila pod gladino morja, ko je led ostal, podlaga pa je pogosto vidna tudi na nizkih gričih, kjer raste drevje, kjer se je nabralo dovolj zemlje, kar daje redek gozd na vrhovih hribov. Razen nekaterih regij je le manjši del zemlje kmetijskih zemljišč. Prevladuje gozd, čeprav se večina gozda uporablja z veliko jasa. Tu in tam najdemo star gozd, ki ga reši težaven teren in dovolj velika območja, ki so dovolj oddaljena od cest in rek.

Višine in oblike zemljišč

Pokrajina Esker v Narodni park Leivonmäki, Finska. Tipičen redek borov gozd.

Jezera in nizki, a pogosto strmi hribi. Narodni park Repovesi, Finska.

Norveško območje Rondane se dviga nad visoko planoto, doline so zarezane globoko v planoto.

Najvišje nadmorske višine so v zahodnih odsekih skandinavskega polotoka od samega juga Norveške, skozi osrednjo Norveško in obmejne regije s Švedsko in do Troms in Finnmark okrožja na samem severu. Te višine pogosto imenujejo skandinavske gore. Najvišji vrh je na Norveškem Jotunheimen, kjer je najvišji vrh 2469m. Približno 200 vrhov na Norveškem je nad 2000 m - večinoma v Jotunheimenu, pa tudi v Rondane in Dovrefjell. Najvišji švedski vrhovi so v Laponska blizu meje z Norveško, s peščico vrhov nad 2000 m. Najvišji vrh Islandije je v Notranjost Islandije in Južna Islandija, z enim vrhom nad 2000m. Nižine na Norveškem so večinoma omejene na doline in obale. Na splošno višje nadmorske višine pomenijo tudi najbolj divji teren, zlasti ob norveški atlantski obali z neizmernimi fjordi (kot npr. Sognefjord) in visoki vrhovi, ki se dvigajo neposredno iz oceana, na primer v Lofoten. Obstaja pa nekaj visokih vzpetin z bolj nežnimi oblikami zemljišč (visokogorja), kot npr Hardangervidda planota, Dovrefjell, dolgi odseki gorja med velikimi dolinami Vzhodne Norveške in Finnmarksvidda (notranjost Finnmark planota). Zaradi hladnejšega podnebja na samem severu so Finnmarksvidda in druge višine v Finnmarku precej puste tudi na samo 300 do 500 metrih nadmorske višine.

Za razliko od zahodnega dela Finska je bolj značilen za nežne oblike zemljišč z gozdovi ali prostori. Najvišja višina na Finskem je približno 1300 m, gore, višje od 1000 m nad morsko gladino, pa najdemo le v finskem "kraku" na skrajnem severozahodu. Razen nekaj izjem na vzhodu, boste le redko naleteli na gore, višje od 300 m južno od Laponska. Po drugi strani pa je večina Finske pokrita z jezeri in potoki.

V primerjavi s Finsko Švedska je hribovitejše in večina severa od črte Stockholm – Oslo je gozdnata divjina brez večjih mest. Končno Scania, najjužnejši del Švedske, bolj spominja na Dansko, Nizozemsko ali severno Nemčijo - v bistvu je ravno kot palačinka, velik del kmetijskih zemljišč.

Islandija je podobno neplodna kot Norveška. Najvišje stopnje Islandije so v notranjosti Islandije in v pogorju Tröllaskagi na severu Islandije. Drugje na Islandiji so višine nižje od 600 metrov.

Gore

Ključna gorska območja. A: Arktična Švedska, B: Arktična Norveška, C: Obmejno višavje, D: Območje fjordov, E: Srednje gore, F: Južno visokogorje

V norveščini se "gora" ("fjell") večinoma nanaša na vzpetine, ki segajo nad drevesno mejo. Manj strme, razmeroma ravne, gozdne planote brez izrazitih vrhov pogosto imenujemo "vidde" (spodnji seznam delno vključuje takšne planote, kot je na primer široka Finnmarksvidda na severu).

Skandinavske gore lahko približno razdelimo kot na zemljevidu.

• A & B: Arktične gore
  • vključno s Kebnekaise, Nacionalni park Sarek, Lyngen alpe, Lofoten, Ledenik Svartisen, Narvik, Območje divjine Käsivarsi
• C: Srednje mejno visokogorje (Norveška in Švedska)
• D: Razpon fjordov
  • vključno s Sunnmøre & Romsdal alpe, Jostedalsbreen ledenik, večina Sognefjorden
• E: Srednje gore
  • vključno Rondane-Dovrefjell, Jotunheimen (najvišja v severni Evropi)
• F: Južno visokogorje
  • vključno Hardangervidda planota in Rogaland/Setesdal barje

Letni časi

Poletna pohodniška sezona je običajno od sredine maja do začetka septembra, razen na severu in v visokogorju, kjer se začne junija, ponekod celo julija. Pohodništvo je v teh časih večinoma enostavno in manj je potreb po pripravah, spretnostih in opremi kot v drugih delih leta - vendar so nekatere destinacije še vedno zahtevne. Večina poletnih komarjev in mušic je moteča na številnih območjih, zlasti pod vrvico na severu od konca junija do avgusta. Avgusta se noči stemnijo, otroci se vrnejo v šolo in nekateri turistični objekti se pozimi zaprejo.

Zgodnja jesen (večinoma september) je čas ruska, ko listi postanejo rdeči in rumeni, je v Ljubljani še posebej lep pogled Laponska in Finnmark (toda obdobje je tam pogosto kratko - zima lahko pride zgodaj). Številni domačini gredo ven nabirat gobe in brusnice. To je pogosto lepa pohodniška sezona; dnevi so praviloma blagi, čeprav se ponoči lahko pojavijo ponoči, prvi snežni padci pa se pojavijo konec meseca. Žuželk večinoma ni več, zrak pa je običajno svež. Pozno jesen (oktober – november) pa za večino obiskovalcev ni najboljša sezona: temna je in mokra, z nenavadnimi snežnimi padavinami, vendar brez zanesljive snežne odeje (smučišča so sicer odprta, vendar so pogosto odvisna od umetnega snega) . Novembra temperatura včasih pade na −15 ° C (5 ° F) ali manj celo na jugu Finske.

Sredi zime na severu sploh ni sončnega vzhoda - lahko pa je tudi zelo mraz. Tudi na jugu so dnevi kratki. Morda boste želeli doživeti arktično noč ali božič v domovini Božička (Finci verjamejo, da živi na Laponskem in ga na obisk prihajajo horde Britancev). V nasprotnem primeru boste morda raje februar na jugu ali zgodnjo pomlad na severu za kakšno zimsko pohodništvo. Če boste uporabljali objekte smučišč, upoštevajte vrhove na zimskih počitnicah; do določenih časovnih okvirov boste morda dobili ugodne ponudbe. Poglej tudi Zima v nordijskih državah.

Za mnoge domačine je pomlad zelo priljubljena sezona. Dnevi so lahki, sonce je močno in narava se prebuja. Pohodi v divjino so lahko zahtevni, saj je tu globok sneg in tam gola zemlja ter veliko vode, vendar je veliko destinacij problematično. Na severu in v visokogorju je junij še vedno čas taljenja snega in visokih voda v potokih, v visokogorju pa lahko sneg vztraja do julija ali pozneje. Gnit sneg in visoke vode otežujejo pohodništvo po prizadetih območjih v zgodnjem poletju drugje. Kasneje je preostali sneg pogosto kompakten, dovolj trd za hojo.

Pomlad je še posebej pozna v visokogorju Norveške, tudi junija so nekatera območja dostopna samo na smučeh. To velja v gorah, kot je Norveška Jotunheimen in Hardangervidda, kjer lahko sneg vztraja do junija, velike zaplate snega pa lahko ostanejo do konca poletja. Tudi na Finskem poteka poletno smučarsko tekmovanje (na Kilpisjärvi). Norvežani se peš sprehodijo s smučmi do območij, kjer lahko nadaljujejo s smučanjem.

Svoboda pohajkovanja

Lahko je biti sam z naravo. Pot na Islandiji.

Osnovne pravice vseh (pravica do dostopa, svoboda do pohajkovanja) so pravica do prostega sprehoda peš, s smučko ali čolnom, pravica do prenočevanja v šotoru in pravica do nabiranja užitnih jagod in gob. Na katerih območjih, ki niso v divjini, se pravice med državami nekoliko razlikujejo - npr. na Islandiji je za vstop v katero koli zaprto območje ob cestah potrebno dovoljenje lastnika zemljišča - tako kot nekatere podrobnosti. Pravice (pravilneje: pomanjkanje pravice lastnika zemljišča do prepovedi) spremlja pričakovanje, da bodo pozorni in ne dopuščajo kršenja posebnih zakonov, škodovanja (na primer hoje po poljih z rastočim pridelkom ali puščanja smeti ali odprtih vrat za seboj) ali moti prebivalce ali prostoživeče živali. Nekatere podrobnosti so zakonsko kodificirane, veliko pa je odvisno od razlage; sodni primeri so redki.

Ko obiskujete nacionalne parke in druge "uradne" destinacije, preberite navodila za določeno območje. Zagotovljene storitve (kot so določeni taborni ognji in kampi) večinoma nadomeščajo lokalne omejitve. Spodbujate (včasih tudi pooblaščeno), da sledite poti, kjer so na voljo.

Glej Pravica do dostopa za temeljitejšo razpravo in morda povezave do vodnikov za določene države.

Ogenj

Poglej tudi: Taborni ogenj

Vedno bodite previdni pri kurjenju ognja - prepričajte se, da veste, kaj to pomeni. Vedno ga je treba opazovati in skrbno ugasniti. Smreka, ki je razširjena v nordijskih državah, ustvarja veliko vnetljivih snovi. Kadar je mogoče, uporabite določena mesta za požarišče. Ne kurite ognja na skali (ki bo razpokala) ali šoti (ki jo je težko zanesljivo ugasniti). Na Švedskem ne potrebujete dovoljenja, če ste previdni. Na Islandiji je požar dovoljen zunaj zavarovanih območij, kjer ni nevarnosti požara ali druge škode (vendar je drv malo). Na Norveškem je kurjenje ognja na splošno prepovedano od 15. aprila do 15. septembra, razen na zelo varni razdalji od gozda, zgradb in drugega vnetljivega materiala ali na uradno določenih lokacijah. Na Finskem odprti ogenj vedno zahteva dovoljenje lastnika zemljišča, na severu pa je splošno dovoljenje za večino državnih zemljišč (preverite zajeta območja in pogoje). Dovolitev kurjenja ne pomeni nujno pravice do jemanja drv; ne škodujte drevesu ali estetsko ali ekološko dragocenim hlodom. Na Islandiji je les še posebej redek vir in tisto, kar v drugih državah formalno ne bi smelo biti dovoljeno, vendar ne bi škodilo (in s tem sprejeto), bi tam zagotovo lahko bilo slabo. V nujnih primerih uporabite lastno presojo.

V posebej suhih okoliščinah je lahko popolna prepoved odprtega ognja na prostem (vključno z žarom za enkratno uporabo in podobnim). Na Finskem so takšne prepovedi pogoste poleti in jih v večini vremenskih napovedi oglašujejo po regijah (na Laponskem: po občinah) kot "opozorilo za gozdni požar" (metsäpalovaroitus/varning för skogsbrand). Spomladi bo morda opozorjeno na požar trave, ki sicer ni tako hud, a vseeno vreden pozornosti. Peči za kampiranje ne veljajo za odprt ogenj, vendar so pogosto sposobne sprožiti požar, zato bodite previdni z njimi (in z rabljenimi vžigalicami). Na Švedskem prepovedi niso centralno oglaševane; o prepovedih odločajo nujne službe, običajno na regionalni ali občinski ravni.

V narodnih parkih in podobnih so na voljo ognjišča z drva, ki so na voljo brezplačno. V nekaterih večjih narodnih parkih in na divjih območjih je morda dovoljeno kuriti ogenj, če v bližini ni kampov (preverite pravila za območje). Ne kurite pretirano velikih požarov, ampak drva uporabljajte zmerno. Če je nekaj drv že pripravljeno, drugo pa ne, ali pa je nekaj na prostem, je treba nova drva narediti in odnesti v zaprte prostore namesto uporabljenih. Običajno se ne smete polniti iz narave. Pogosto je za to namenjena sekira in morda žaga, zlasti v bolj oddaljenih krajih, vendar boste morda želeli nositi svojo. Dober nož je osnovna oprema za preživetje in ga je treba imeti na vsakem daljšem pohodu, tako kot tekme, z vodotesno zapakiranimi rezervnimi deli.

Pernate palčke, dober način, kako narediti tinder iz borovcev

Za ogenj v težkih razmerah je v gozdu običajno na voljo nekaj od treh vrst tinderja: odmrle suhe vejice na smrekah (le tiste je enostavno odstraniti - smreka se zlahka okuži), brezovo lubje (ne lubje, ki spominja na drevesa) ali smolnatega borovega lesa. Pred tremi zahtevajo različne tehnike, zato se pred uporabo naučite nekje, kjer material ne škodi. Z uporabo smrekovih vejic jih potrebujete dovolj, z dovolj drobnega materiala in ustreznim kompromisom med dovolj zraka in dovolj toplote (morda boste morali uporabljati roke; ogenj morate spoštovati, vendar se ne prestrašite). Uporaba brezovega lubja je enostavna, vendar preverite, kako se obnaša. Nož je koristen, če ga v večjih kosih odstranimo z lesa. Za bor je ključno, da ima dovolj drobnih rezin. Bor, ki je uporaben kot drobnica, prepoznamo po vonju po svežem rezu in po tem, da je že dolgo mrtev, vendar ne prekvaren, pogosto kot trdi deli škrbine, ki je sicer prekrita z mahom (trenirajte oko!). V podrtih brezovih gozdovih, kjer ni suhega lesa, je treba brezov les razcepiti na dovolj tanke koščke in ga narediti izredno tankega, da ogenj zažene (debelejša drva lahko uporabimo za zadrževanje komarjev in potem, ko se posušijo. dovolj). Nad drevesno črto lahko uporabite suhe vejice, vendar je lahko dovolj suhega drva.

Svetloba

Zaradi severne zemljepisne širine sonce potuje precej blizu obzorja tako podnevi kot ponoči večji del leta. Mrak traja veliko dlje kot bližje ekvatorju, več kot pol ure na jugu in po možnosti več ur v arktični noči (brez dnevne svetlobe).

Dnevna svetloba je pozno jeseni in v začetku zime omejena, ure pohodništva pa so zelo omejene, vsaj v gostem gozdu, na neravnem terenu in kjer je orientacija težka, še posebej, ker je pozno jesen nebo pogosto oblačno. Pozimi bo sneg celo zvezdam pomagal ponoči osvetliti, kar bo morda dovolj na lahkem odprtem terenu, ko se nanj navadite - mesečina se bo morda počutila obilno.

Od maja do julija so noči po vsej regiji precej lahke. Tukaj je Polnočno sonce mesec in pol na skrajnem severu in le nekaj ur (relativne) teme celo na jugu okrog Kresnega leta. Avgusta se noči temnijo in pozno jeseni, preden pride sneg, so zelo dolgi temni večeri.

Zavedajte se, da so lahko sončni žarki poleti na visoki nadmorski višini izjemno močni zaradi čistega zraka, odsevov iz jezer in snežnih polj ter malo vegetacije.

Ljudje

Prizor iz Sami Riddu Riđđu festivala. Padla pokrajina v ozadju.

Osebje katerega koli informacijskega centra, hotela itd. Običajno govori angleško, informacije, namenjene turistom, pa so večinoma na voljo tudi v angleščini. V velikih turističnih znamenitostih, hotelih in podobnem je osebje običajno tekoče v več jezikih, v družinskih podjetjih pa starejši ne govorijo nujno, razen v svojem maternem jeziku. V angleščini boste večinoma preživeli - in morda boste srečali Samija, rojenega v goahtiju, ki tekoče govori več tujih jezikov.

Sever skandinavskih držav je domovina Ljubljane Sami ljudje; so večina v nekaterih občinah in velike manjšine v drugih. Zaradi jezikovne politike pred pol stoletja mnogi Sami ne govorijo Sami, vendar mnogi to počnejo, zlasti na najbolj severni finski in švedski Laponski ter v večini norveške Finnmark. Govorijo tudi večinski jezik države in ob mejah, morda jezik sosednje države (švedščina in norveščina sta tudi razumljivi). Obstajajo velike skupine, ki v švedščini govorijo finska narečja (Meänkieli, Kven; poleg večinskega jezika) Tornedalen in v delih Finnmarka.

V arhipelagu Uusimaa, južni Morje arhipelaga, Åland in obalo Ljubljane Ostrobotnija Švedščina je tradicionalni jezik. Preživeli boste s finsko ali angleško, toda švedsko govoreči ljudje vas morda ne bodo ravno navdušili, ko jih boste poskušali pozdraviti v finskem jeziku.

Na nekaterih redko poseljenih območjih, kot sta Laponska in Finsko otočje, je turizem za mnoge pomemben dodaten prihodek. Majhnih družinskih podjetij ni nujno, da oglašujejo na internetu ali v turističnih brošurah. Oči morate imeti odprte in vprašati lokalno.

Cilji

Poglej tudi: Pohodniške destinacije na Norveškem, Finski narodni parki

Satelitska slika nordijskih držav (razen Islandije) poleti z vidnimi ledeniki in snegom.

Novinec potrebuje ogenj

Čigava kolena so otrpla;

Meso in čisto perilo, ki ga moški potrebuje

Kdo se je odrezal čez padce ... – Hávámal

Svoboda pohajkovanja vam omogoča, da greste bolj ali manj kamor koli. V vseh delih držav so gozdovi ali druge vrste narave, odprte za javnost. Tisti, ki imajo radi nahrbtnike v divjini ali želijo biti več dni brez ceste, lahko poiščejo najmanj poseljena območja, na primer na severu Finske, Norveške in Švedske, v osrednjih norveških gorah ali le vzhodno od njih (Jotunheimen, Hardangervidda, Dovre ), na vzhodu Finske in v notranjosti Islandije. Ponekod lahko prehodite sto kilometrov več ali manj v eno smer, ne da bi videli cesto.

Na Norveškem so poti po dnevnih pohodih ali daljših pohodih po vsej državi. V drugih državah so povsod tudi nerazvita območja, primerna za sprehod po gozdu ali za nabiranje jagodičja, za poti ali druge poti, primerne za daljši pohod, pa morate običajno malo bolj preučiti zemljevid ali prepotovati nekaj razdalje do primerno pot.

Upoštevajte, da lahko potovanje po divjini v nordijskih državah pomeni pohodništvo brez kakršne koli infrastrukture, morda dneve ne srečate nikogar in ste tudi sami, ko gre kaj narobe. Mnogo ljudi prihaja po to, vendar če dvomite v svoje znanje, izberite primerne poti. Na voljo so vse stopnje kompromisov.

Najboljše pohodništvo ali pokrajina ni nujno v narodnih parkih ali naravnih rezervatih. Morda pa se splača najprej razmisliti o "uradnih" ali kako drugače znanih destinacijah, ki zajemajo nekaj najbolj dragocene narave in nekatere najlepše pokrajine. Za njih je tudi lažje najti informacije in storitve.

Zaščitena območja različnih vrst so včasih med seboj prepletena. Na primer, lahko obstajajo območja s hudimi omejitvami znotraj narodnega parka ali manj omejeno mejno območje zunaj parka. Obstajajo tudi zaščitena območja, ki na pohodnika nimajo velikega vpliva, predvsem pa omejujejo ukrepe lastnika zemljišča in načrtovalnih organov.

Na Finskem nacionalne parke, območja divjine in nekatere druge destinacije vzdržuje Metsähallitus, finska gozdarska uprava, ki ima informacije o destinacijah in pohodništvu na splošno na nacionalniparki.fi. Informacije so na voljo tudi na njihovih službah za pomoč strankam in v centrih za obiskovalce narodnih parkov, kjer boste morda lahko rezervirali posteljo v koči ali kupili dovolilnice za ribolov (ali celo lov). Tudi Finski narodni parki ima informacije o večini "uradnih" destinacij.

Na Norveškem je Treking združenje vzdržuje poti med številnimi kočami (planinskimi domovi) v vseh delih države.

Nacionalni parki

Badjelánnda v Laponija: račje deske po mokrem terenu z vrbo. Pot nadaljuje padec breze proti masivu Áhkká.

Na Norveškem "nacionalni park" v prvi vrsti označuje zaščiten status nerazvitega območja. Pohodništvo in kulise so pogosto enako lepi tudi zunaj parkov. Nacionalni parki so pogosto obkroženi z območjem "zaščitene krajine", ki je s pohodniškega stališča pogosto najbolj zanimiva in običajno najbolj dostopna divjina.

Sicer so najbolj očitni cilji nacionalni parki. Obsegajo predvsem dobro vidne narave, storitve so običajno lahko dostopne in večina je dostopna brez večjega napora. V bližini centrov za obiskovalce so ponavadi krajše poti, primerne za hiter ogled neke značilne narave, za enodnevne izlete in za manj izkušene pohodnike. V večjih so tudi oddaljena območja za tiste, ki želijo hoditi po svojih poteh. V nasprotju s prakso v nekaterih drugih državah nacionalni parki nimajo cest, ograj ali straž - na Norveškem samo poti in koče.

Po vseh državah obstajajo nacionalni parki, ki pokrivajo večino vrst divjih (in nekatere gojene) pokrajine: Finski narodni parki, Švedski narodni parki, Norveški narodni parki, Islandski narodni parki.

Centri za obiskovalce ("naturum", "nasjonalparksentre"), ki so včasih precej oddaljeni od samega parka, so pogosto koristen uvod v naravo in kulturo območja. Morda obstajajo filmi, vodeni ogledi ali podobno, ki jih je vredno preveriti vnaprej. Nekateri centri so izven sezone zaprti ali sploh nimajo osebja.

Rekreacijska območja

Rekreacijska območja so pogosto lažje dosegljiva kot nacionalni parki in imajo lahko manj omejitev. Mnogi od njih so primerni za pohodništvo, čeprav so manjši od večine narodnih parkov in redko ponujajo najbolj veličastne pokrajine.

Na Finskem Nacionalna pohodniška območja vzdržuje Metsähallitus.

Večina mest ima vsaj nekaj rekreacijskih površin, ki so običajno dostopne z lokalnim avtobusom ali sprehodom od središča mesta. Obstaja veliko možnosti za pohodništvo izven nekaterih mest. Na primer okoli Oslo široki gozdovi z urejenimi potmi ali potmi (nekateri z lučmi) so na dosegu metroja in mestnih avtobusov ter znotraj Bergen ob središču mesta je več gora.

Po večini smučišč in podobnih so urejene pohodniške in smučarske poti. Včasih se povežejo z omrežji poti narodnih parkov.

Naravni rezervati

Naravna pot v mestu (naravni rezervat Katariinanlaakso v Ljubljani) Turku).

Naravni rezervati imajo navadno najstrožjo obliko zaščite, pravila za posamezni rezervat pa je treba preveriti vnaprej. Ustvarjeni so za zaščito narave, zaradi nje same in za raziskovanje. Po večjih poteh so običajno pohodniške poti, zunaj zavarovanega območja pa je morda nekaj prenočišč ali kampov. Lahko zajemajo zelo posebno ali dobro ohranjeno naravo. Večinoma so manjši od nacionalnih parkov in (tisti s potmi) so običajno primerni za enodnevni izlet ali enodnevni pohod. Zavijanje s poti je pogosto dovoljeno pozimi ali izven gnezditvene sezone.

Območja divjine

Območja divjine na Finskem so oddaljena območja, ki jih določa zakon, z resnimi omejitvami pri gradnji infrastrukture ali kakršnem koli izkoriščanju, razen za tradicionalne obrti (na primer gojenje severnih jelenov, lov ali jemanje lesa za gospodinjstvo). Status ima malo neposrednega vpliva na pohodnika, so pa zanimive destinacije za tiste, ki ne želijo že pripravljenih poti. Območja so pomembna za rejo severnih jelenov, morda obstajajo ribiči, vendar boste večinoma sami, morda še dneve. V okolici je nekaj poti in koč v divjini, v bližini pa so običajno tudi turistične storitve. Običajno so na voljo dovoljenja za lov na divjad (v sezoni). Za primere glej Käsivarsi, Pöyrisjärvi in Muotkatunturit.

Neuradne destinacije

Traktorska cesta do Vettija v dolini Utladalen, katere del je spodaj zaščiten Jotunheimen.

Pohodite lahko bolj ali manj kjer koli želite. Običajni razlog, da ne uporabljate "uradnega" cilja, je ta, da se želite sprehoditi ali sprehajati v bližini kraja, kjer sicer bivate ali mimo njega. Tudi v bližini večjih mest je običajno precej neokrnjene narave. Domačini pogosto ne ločijo med "uradnimi" destinacijami, kot so nacionalni parki in druga pohodniška območja. Svoboda pohajkovanja vam omogoča, da uživate v njej, dokler se ne nahajate stran od dvorišč, obdelovalne zemlje in podobnega. Be considerate and polite when you meet people and try not to disturb others.

Most of the countries (about 95% of Norway) is some kind of wilderness where the public is allowed to hike. Even in such wilderness there may be occasional roads reserved for logging, hydro power construction or power line maintenance. In Finland such roads are common in unprotected areas and provide easy access for berry pickers and hikers alike, while ruining the feel of wild nature – choose routes where the forestry roads (and clearings) are not too common. In Norway there are in addition many roads to summer farms (seter) in the forests or mountains or to abandoned farms. Such roads may not be open to public traffic and are usually dead-end roads with minimal traffic. Seters are usually hubs for hiking trails in the area.

Pohodniške poti

On a trail in a nature reserve, Stockholm county.

Trails are often meant for use either in summer or in winter. When using them outside the intended season it is important to check the viability of the route. Winter routes are usually meant for cross-country skiing and may utilise the frozen lakes, rivers and bogs, while summer routes may have all too steep sections, go through areas dangerous in wintertime or simply be difficult to follow when marks are covered with snow. When evaluating the route, make sure you understand whether any descriptions are valid for the present conditions. Local advice is valuable.

Usually deviating from trails is allowed, except in nature reserves and restricted parts of national parks, although not encouraged in sensitive areas or areas with many visitors. Many experienced hikers prefer terrain without trails, at least for some hikes.

In addition to hiking trails at separate destinations there are some long distance hiking trails and hiking trail networks connecting nearby protected areas and recreational areas. They usually follow minor roads some or most of the distance, going through interesting natural surroundings wherever possible and sometimes passing by villages and tourist attractions, where you might be able to replenish. Lengths vary from suitable for a one day hike to the extreme European long distance paths. The longest routes are usually created by combining trails of different trail networks, which increases the risk of some parts not being well signed or maintained. There may even be parts missing. As hiking on other persons' land is perfectly allowed, you can make your own adjustments to the routes, but this may sometimes mean walking by a road or through unnecessarily difficult terrain.

On combined trails or trails that pass borders (between countries, municipalities or areas with different protection status), it is quite common that the markings or the maintenance standard change. Check that the same agent is responsible for the trail all the way or be prepared for it to change character. This is no problem if you have the equipment and skill to continue regardless, but can be problematic if you made your decision based on what the first part looked like. The character of the trail can change also for other reasons, such as leaving for the backwoods, reaching higher mountains or crossing mires.

Sota seter is a shieling and mountain lodge centrally located in Norway's Oppland/Jostedalsbreen mountains, road from Skjåk.

In contrast to many trails in continental Europe, the hiking trails seldom go from village to village, but tend to mostly keep to non-inhabited areas. There is usually no transport (for instance for luggage) available. Where the trails follow traditional routes (from the time before the cars), they usually do so in the wilderness, where few villages are to be found. Newer trails have usually been made for exploring the natural landscape, not to connect settlements. Many trails lead from permanent settlements to shielings (summer farms, seter in Norwegian, fäbod in Swedish, karjamaja in Finnish) in the forest or in the high valleys, then onwards to pastures further into the uplands, high plateaus or high valleys. In Norway, such shielings are often starting points for hiking trails at higher altitudes, DNT lodges are often found at old shielings.

There are trails usable with wheelchair or prams, but this is not typical. Many trails follow quite narrow and rough paths. Even trails that start wide and smooth may have sections that are muddy (possibly with duckboards) or narrow, steep and rocky. This is true also for some very popular trails, such as the one to Trolltunga. Check, if this is important for you.

DNT maintains some 20,000 kilometres of summer trails in Norway. In the fells these are usually marked with cairns, some of which are marked with a red "T". In woods, markings are often red or blue stripes painted on trees. Winter routes and routes where the cairns would be destroyed in winter often have poles instead, also these usually with a red mark. Note that new or little used trails may be less worn than other paths leading astray. Winter routes are often marked with twigs instead of permanent marking, before the main season in spring. Markings in Finland and Sweden follow somewhat different standards.

The DNT trails are also classified: green trails do not require special skills and are often short (those suitable with wheelchair or pram are specially marked as such), blue trails require some fitness and basic skills, red trails require experience, fitness, good footwear and adequate equipment, while black trails can also be hard to navigate. Metsähallitus in Finland has some years ago started with a similar classification (with red and black combined and less emphasis on fitness, as the terrain is less demanding there).

In addition to the classification, DNT gives height profile and estimated time for the trails. The times are calculated for a fit and experienced hiker, excluding breaks – add considerable time to get a realistic estimate of total time needed.

There are three hiking routes in the Nordic countries that belong to the European long distance paths network (long sections are missing or unmarked at least in the Finnish parts):

• E1 hiking trail runs from Italy through Denmark and southern and middle Sweden to Nordkapp in Norway
• E6 hiking trail runs from Turkey through Denmark, southern Sweden and Finland to Kilpisjärvi (the north-west tip of Finland by the Swedish and Norwegian border). You can continue by the Nordkalottleden.
• E10 hiking trail runs from Spain through Germany and Finland to Nuorgam (the northern tip of Finland, by the Norwegian border). Od Koli National Park do Urho Kekkonen National Park in Finland the route is known as the UKK route.

The Nordkalottleden/Nordkalottruta trail (800 km) goes through Sweden, Norway and Finland offering versatile northern fell landscape, with easy to travel fell highlands, lush birch forests, glaciers and steep-sided gorges.

The Padjelantaleden trail (140 km) and Kungsleden trail (440 km) meander through the national parks of Swedish Lappland, one of Europe's largest remaining wilderness areas.

Some Finnish trails are described by Metsähallitus. For trails at specific destinations, see that destination. There are also trail networks maintained or marketed by municipalities and other entities, such as the Walks in North Karelia omrežje.

Gear

Typical rough mountain trail in Norway, sturdy boots needed

For a basic idea about what to pack, have a look at packing for a week of hiking, wilderness backpacking in cold weather.

Good quality hiking equipment is available in many specialist shops, the largest probably being Partiovaruste / Scandinavian Outdoor Store, owned by a non-profit Finnish Girl and Boy Scout foundation. Such specialist shops should also be able to give good advice. Some equipment is available for rent at some destinations, especially if you are using a guide.

Every hiker must be familiar with the proper equipment for various seasons and areas as well as their style of hiking. In the Nordic area, choosing the right equipment may be particularly challenging outside the warmest summer and for the higher mountains.

Pack so that your spare clothes and outs won't get wet in rain and moist. Most backpacks are water repellent, but few if any are water resistant. Many have an integrated "raincoat", for others one is available as an add-on. Using plastic bags or similar inside the backpack is wise.

Celo leto

• Map – 1:50,000 standard topographical maps with trekking info are generally recommended; 1:25,000 are available for some areas and give greater detail, necessary for hikes in forests, where sight is limited; 1:75,000 and 1:100,000 are usable for good trails but may not give enough details in rough or steep terrain
• Compass – you want robust, low-tech navigation
• First aid kit
• Bottle(s) for water – e.g. used mineral water bottles
• Sunglasses – in summer, on snow and at high altitude
• Sunscreen – particularly at high altitude and where there is sun and snow
• Sleeping bag, hiking mattress and tent – on overnight hikes, unless you know you will get by without
• Food, snacks
• Camping stove – on any longer hike
• Cutlery etc.
• Tekme
• Nož – carrying a knife in a public place is illegal, unless you have a good reason, carrying it together with camping equipment is acceptable.
• Repair kit covering any essential gear (by your definition of essential on the hike in question – knife, rope and tape will get you a long way)
• Fabric in bright colour, such as a reflexive vest, to aid finding you if need be. Can be your tent, backpack or similar.
• Neobvezno
  • satellite navigator (GPS) – not a substitute for map & compass
  • Mobile phone (pack watertight and keep off most of the time)
  • Binoculars
  • Torch, candles: seldom needed in the white nights, but at least in autumn and winter a light source may be needed in the night; many wilderness huts lack electricity
  • Towel (light)
  • Nordic walking poles, walking staff or similar, to aid in keeping the balance in rough terrain and while fording

Poletje

Gaiters are useful in summer too

On short hikes or in easy terrain you may get by without some of these. The right foot wear is the most important for a successful hike.

• Foot wear:
  • Jogging shoes are acceptable on tractor roads and other smooth trails in the lowland
  • Rubber boots are good in wet terrain, unless the terrain is too rough for them
  • Hiking boots with ankle support and a sturdy sole on rougher trails and in some terrain off trails; some people prefer lighter footwear also on rough ground, do as you wish if you are sure-footed and have strong ankles
  • Gaiters or tall (military style) boots useful in muddy areas, after snow fall or in areas with dense low bushes
  • For steep hills, on very rocky surface, with crampons or heavy backpacks, stiff, durable mountain boots often needed
• Trousers:
  • Flexible, light hiking/sport trousers in synthetic material is useful for most conditions, preferably water repellent, if you have two pairs one pair should probably be suitable for hot weather
• Shirt on body:
  • Cotton or synthetic on warm days
  • Wool or similar on cool days/high altitudes
• Walking staff can be useful in rough terrain and for fording, Nordic walking sticks also serve some of these needs

In the backpack

• Mosquito repellent (for the warm season, particularly in the interior), in some areas a mosquito hat is very much recommended
• Wool underwear
• Shirt/jumper (wool or microfleece)
• Wind proof, water repellent jacket
• Raingear (on short hikes the jacket may be enough, on some hikes the raingear should be heavy duty)
• Head cover (for rain, warmth, sun and mosquitoes)
• Neck cover (in high altitude for all but the shortest hikes, otherwise probably not necessary)
• Light gloves/mittens (high altitude, also otherwise if weather can become cold)
• Light footwear for the camp (to let the foots rest and the heavy duty boots dry), possibly also for fording

Zima

Jotunheimen in mid April, covered in deep fresh snow, and skiing is the only realistic option.

Jotunheimen in mid June, skiing is still preferred at this altitude.

Already 15 cm (half a foot) of snow makes walking arduous, and much more is common also in the south, in some areas more than two metres (6 feet) is possible. Walking is thus a serious option only around your base or camp, at much used trails (do not spoil skiing tracks!) or if you know there will be little snow. In addition, in early Winter (November-December) there is little or no daylight. On Norway's Atlantic side heavy snowfalls are common, particularly a bit inland and uphill. Several metres of snow has been recorded along the Bergen railway (near Hardangervidda). In the city of Tromsø the record is more than two meters, in the month of April, more than a metre heavy snow is common. The deep snow typical in Western Norway and Troms county is often heavy and sticky, making hiking really difficult.

Snowshoes probably work as well here as in Canada, and there are snowshoe trails at some destinations, but they are much slower than skis in most Nordic conditions.

This means cross-country skis are necessary for most Nordic winter hiking. Depending on conditions you may get away with skis meant for track skiing, but if you are going to ski off tracks, "real" cross-country skis are much better. There are many options though, mostly depending on whether you are going to mountainous terrain and whether deep loose snow is to be expected. Also check what possibly breaking parts there are, and whether the skiing boots are suitable for all conditions (warm enough etc.).

For clothing, advice for cold weather prijaviti. You should have light enough clothing not to get too sweaty going uphill (especially important when it is cold, as you will not get dry easily), but also warm enough when having sought shelter for a snow storm.

Nekateri portable stoves fare badly in really cold conditions. Check that for yours.

Some mobile phones fare worse in cold weather than others. Having the phone off in a sealed bag close to your body protects it and its battery, but it might still not work when needed.

When the sun comes out in earnest, i.e. after midwinter, be careful about snow blindness and sunburn. Mountain goggles are good also in some windy conditions (the snow carried by strong wind sometimes feels like needles).

Most people hiking in winter in the north or in the mountains stay overnight indoors, at wilderness huts. In severe weather it may however be hard to get to the hut, and in some areas there simply are no huts where you would need them. If you might have to sleep outdoors, make sure your equipment is good enough. Some tools for digging snow can come handy. In the south, where temperatures are comparably manageable, even quite cheap winter sleeping bags are enough, at least in mild weather or when sleeping by a fire at a shelter.

Remember that the unmanned huts are usually heated by wood, and it may be as cold indoors as outside (even colder, if temperatures have risen) when you arrive. It will take some time and labour before it gets warm – and if your matches got wet you won't be able to light the fire (unless you find some hidden away in the hut). A good knife, matches, torch and candles are important equipment.

For areas where avalanches are possible, and on glaciers, special equipment is needed.

Vstopi

Beech forest in Stockholmu, capital of Sweden.

From most towns there is some hiking terrain in reach by local bus and by foot. Here is some advice for more remote destinations, such as most national parks.

Od trenerja

There are usually coach connections with stops near your destination. Watch out for express coaches that may not stop at your stop. Connections that start as express may stop at all stops in the far north.

Some destinations do not have direct coach connections. There might be a school bus, a regular taxi connection or other special arrangements to use for the last ten or twenty kilometres.

Z avtom

Poglej tudi: Driving in Sweden, Vožnja na Norveškem, Driving in Iceland

Check weather forecasts if you are planning to drive in remote areas in the winter. E69 in Finnmark, Norway.

There are usually parking areas near the starting points of hiking routes in national parks and at similar destinations. You might, however, want to consider leaving your car farther away and use local transports, to be freer to choose the endpoint of your hike. On the other hand you can drive your car on minor roads without coach connections and stop at your whim – and for planned hikes you often can have a local business drive your car to a suitable location near the endpoint.

You are allowed to drive on some private roads, but not all. In Finland and Sweden roads that get public funding are open for all to use. Generally, unless there is a sign or barrier you are OK (watch out for temporarily opened barriers, which may be locked when you return). Parking may be disallowed in Norway except in designated places, in any case you should take care not to block the road or any exits. Some private roads are built for use with tractors, all-terrain vehicles or similar (or maintained only before expected use) and may be in terrible condition. In Iceland also many public roads (with numbers prefixed with "F") require four wheel drive cars and many mountain roads are closed in winter and spring.

Zimska vožnja requires skills and experience, and should be avoided unless you are sure you can handle it. Nordic roads are regularly covered in ice, slush or hard snow during winter. Not all minor roads are ploughed in winter. In Norway even some regional roads are always closed in winter and there is a telephone service (ph 175 in Norway) to ask about temporarily closed roads and road conditions.

Moj čoln

Some destinations are best reached by boat. There may be a regular service, a taxi boat service or the possibility to charter a boat (crewed or uncrewed).

S taksijem

Taxi rides are expensive, but they may prove worthwhile to avoid hiring a car or bringing your own, and to allow you to choose starting and ending points of the hike more freely.

Sometimes there are special arrangements that can be used, such as a reduced rate or shared regular taxi service, or a possibility to use a taxi transporting children to or from school (minivan taxis are common for these services).

Although taxis in the towns are usually ordered via a calling centre, in the countryside you might want to call the taxi directly. Numbers may be available from the yellow pages of the phone catalogue, from tourist information centres, visitor centres or tourist businesses.

Z vlakom

The Bergen railway near Finse station at Hardangervidda offers access to areas not available by car or bus.

In Norway and Sweden there are train connections to some hiking destinations. Also in Finland train can be a good option for part of the voyage. Iceland has no railways. Long-distance trains often run čez noč. There may be combined tickets, where you get a reduction on ferries or coaches by booking the voyage in a special way.

In Finland trains are especially useful for getting from the south (Helsinki, Turku, Tampere) to Lapland (Rovaniemi, Kemijärvi, Kolari). The overnight trains on this route also take cars (loaded quite some time before departure, and not to all stations, check details). Nearly all trains take bikes. There is usually a smooth transfer to coaches or minibuses to get farther.

Na Švedskem Abisko na Luleå–Narvik železnica (Malmbanan, "Iron Ore Railway") and Porjus on Inlandsbanan provide railway access into the Laponija national park complex or nearby destinations, such as Abisko National Park, Kebnekaise in Kungsleden in Nordkalottleden poti. Bikes are not allowed on mainline SJ trains, except foldable ones.

In Norway Hardangervidda can be reached directly from the spectacular Bergensbanen railway between Oslo in Bergen, and some stations are available by train only. The Nordlandsbanen (Trondheim–Bodø) railway runs across the Saltfjellet plateau, while the Dovrebanen (Lillehammer–Trondheim) runs across the Dovrefjell plateau. The Malmbanan runs through the Narvik mountains and passes the wild areas at the border between Norway and Sweden.

Z letalom

Hammerfest letališče.

Some destinations are remote. There may be an airport near enough to be worth considering. The airport probably has good connections to the area.

If you want to spend money you might be able to charter a seaplane or helicopter to get to the middle of the wilderness – but part of the joy is coming there after a tough hike and few areas are remote enough to warrant such a short-cut other than in special circumstances. There are flights for tourists to some destinations especially in Sweden, where also heliskiing is practised near some resorts, while such flights are available but scarce in Finland, and air transport into the wilderness generally is not permitted in Norway.

S kolesom

Most destinations are reachable by bike. If the destination is remote you might want to take the bike on a coach or train or rent a bike nearby. In Sweden only some trains take bikes. Foldable bikes can be taken also on the others.

By snowmobile

There are networks of snowmobile routes in parts of the countries, e.g. covering all of northern Finland. Rules for driving differ between the countries. Driving around by snowmobile is forbidden at many destinations, but routes by or through the areas are quite common. Ask about allowed routes and local regulations (and how they are interpreted) when you rent a snowmobile. Opomba avalanche in ice safety implications and do not disturb wildlife. Maximum speed is about 60 km/h on land, with trailer with people 40 km/h, but lower speed is often necessary.

V Finska driving snowmobile (moottorikelkka, snöskoter) on land requires landowner's permission. Driving on lakes or rivers is free, unless there are local restrictions. There are designated snowmobile routes and tracks especially in the north, leading by national parks and wilderness areas. The snowmobile routes maintained by Metsähallitus ("moottorikelkkareitti", "snöskoterled") are regarded roads and thus cost nothing to use, while snowmobile tracks ("moottorikelkkaura", "snöskoterspår") require buying a permit, giving "landowner permission". Beside Metsähallitus, also e.g. some local tourist businesses make snowmobile tracks. Snowmobile "safaris" (i.e. tours) are arranged by many tourist businesses. Minimum age for the driver is 15 years and a driving licence is required (one for cars or motorcycles will do). Helmets and headlights must be used. Check what tracks you are allowed to use; driving on roads is not permitted, except shorter stretches where necessary, as in crossing the road or using a bridge. Glej Finnish Lapland#By snowmobile for some more discussion on snowmobiles in Finland.

Snowmobiles are extensively used by the local population in the north, especially by reindeer herders (permits are not needed for using snowmobiles in reindeer husbandry or commercial fishing).

V Švedska snowmobiles may in theory be driven without permission, where driving does not cause harm (there has e.g. to be enough snow), but local regulations to the contrary are common, especially in the north. In the fell area driving is generally restricted to designated routes. Minimum age is 16. A driving licence is needed, a separate snowmobile licence unless the licence is from before 2000 (foreigners might be treated differently, ask). Headlights must be used.

V Norveška all use of motor vehicles in the wilderness is generally forbidden unless specific permission is obtained. A driver's licence covering snowmobile (snøskuter) is needed. Helmets and headlights must be used.

V Islandija driving a registered and insured snowmobile is allowed when the ground is frozen enough and there is enough snow not to cause harm. Driving in national parks and cultivated lands however is forbidden. A driving licence for cars is needed.

Pristojbine in dovoljenja

Poglej tudi: Right to access in the Nordic countries

There are no entrance fees to national parks, wilderness areas or other hiking destinations, and entry is usually allowed from anywhere. There may however be service available for a fee, such as lodging in cabins (which is highly recommended at some destinations) – and of course fees for transportation, fishing permits and the like. Many services of visitor centres are free.

In most nature reserves only marked trails may be used; entry is entirely forbidden for the public to a few nature reserves and to a few restricted areas of national parks. The rules often vary by season: more severe restrictions when birds and mammals have offspring, often April–July, or when there is no snow cover. Otherwise you are mostly allowed to find your own paths.

Picking užitna berries and mushrooms is allowed even in most nature reserves, with limitations in non-protected areas varying by country. Non-edible species are usually protected in nature reserves. Collecting anything else, including invertebrates, stones or soil is usually forbidden in the reserves, often also in national parks.

Camping in nature reserves is usually forbidden, but there may be a suitable site (with toilet etc.) by the trail just outside the reserve.

Ribolov

Writer Juhani Aho fishing in a river (1912).

There are several systems for fishing permits. Normally you pay for a permit for fishing in general and separately to the owners of the waters or an agency representing them. Some fishing is free. Salmon waters (many inland waters in the north) are often not covered by the ordinary fees, but use day cards instead. Make sure you know the rules for the area you will be fishing in; there are minimum and maximum sizes for some species, some are protected, and there may be detailed local regulations. Note that there are parasites and diseases that must not be brought to "clean" salmon or crayfish waters by using equipment used in other areas without proper treatment (be careful also with carried water, entrails, which can be carried by birds etc.). Tourist businesses and park visitor centres should be happy to help you get the permits and tell about needed treatments.

In Finland, fishing with a rod and a line (with no reel nor artificial lure other than a jig) is free in most waters. For other fishing, people aged 18–64 are required to pay a national fishing management fee (2016: €39 for a year, €12 for a week, €5 for a day). This is enough for lure fishing with reel in most waters, but streams with salmon and related species, as well as some specially regulated waters (not uncommon at the "official" hiking destinations), are exempted. For these you need a local permit. Fishing with other tools (nets, traps etc.) or with several rods always requires permission from the owner of the waters, in practice often a local friend, who has a share. There are minimum sizes for some species, possibly also maximum sizes and protection times. The restrictions are published online at kalastusrajoitus.fi (national restrictions by species and local exceptions by water area), but in practice you probably have to check from a visitor centre, suitable business, local fisherman or the like.

In Norway fishing with a rod and a line is free in salt water (living bait and fish as bait are prohibited). Norway's rivers and lakes are generally private and landowner permission is required. In water with salmon and related species a state fishing licence is also needed.

In Sweden fishing from the shore with hand-held tools (rod-and-line, lure and similar fishing) is generally permitted in the biggest lakes (Vänern, Vättern, Mälaren and Hjälmaren in southern Sweden, Storsjön in Jämtland) and in the sea. For fishing with nets etc. or from a boat, check the regulations. Other waters are mostly private property and a permit is required. The permits can often be bought from e.g. a local petrol station or fishing shop, for some waters also on Internet or by SMS.

In Iceland fishing does require buying an permit from the land owner. This also applies to fishing within national parks.

Lov

The additional meat got by hunting has always been welcome in the countryside, and hunting has remained a common pastime. Especially the hunt on elk get societies together, as the hunt is usually by driving. Among city dwellers hunting can be much more controversial.

For hunting yourself, you need general hunting and arms licences, and a permit for the specific area, time and intended game. Check the regulations well in advance. Some tourist businesses arrange hunting trips. If you are going to use such a service, they can probably help also with preparation and may enable hunting without licences, under their supervision.

The licences are usually easily obtained if you have such in your home country, but regulations are strict and some bureaucracy needed. You should of course acquaint yourself with local arms and hunting law, the game you are going to hunt and any similar protected species.

The permit is usually got either as a guest of a hunting club (which has obtained rights to hunting grounds), through a governmental agency (for state owned land; Finland: Metsähallitus, mostly for the wilderness areas) or through an association administering renting of private land (common in Norway).

Big game hunting in Norway (moose and red deer) is generally reserved for landowners and most forests are private. Reindeer hunting is possible in some areas of Southern Norway, largely on government land in the barren mountains. In Finland big game (including also wolves and bears in small numbers) requires special permits, usually acquired by the hunting club in an area. You may get a chance to join, but probably not to hunt independently.

Obiti

Signpost at Nordkalottleden, passing through Finland, Norway and Sweden. Malla nature reserve by Kilpisjärvi.

Freedom to roam is mostly about getting around by foot or ski, but you may also want to use other equipment. There are often trails but seldom roads inside the protected areas.

You are allowed to use nearly any road, also private ones, unless you use a motorized vehicle. With a motorized vehicle you may drive on most private roads, but not on all (see Z avtom above), and use of motorized vehicles off road is restricted: usually you at least need landowner's permission. In Norway and Iceland there are also restrictions on the use of bicycles outside trails or tractor roads.

As all Nordic countries are members of the Schengen Agreement (and have far-reaching cooperation), border controls are minimal. Unless you have something to declare at customs, you can pass the border wherever – and if you have, visiting any customs office before you go on your hike may be enough. This is especially nice on the border between Sweden and Norway, on Nordkalottleden near Kilpisjärvi, where Norway, Sweden and Finland have common land borders, in Pasvik–Inari Trilateral Park blizu Kirkenes and (for the hardcore backcountry hiker) if combining visits to Lemmenjoki National Park in Øvre Anárjohka National Park. The border to Rusija is quite another matter, paperwork is needed to visit that border area.

Če imate pes, be sure to check the procedures: there are some animal diseases that need documented checking or treatment before passing the border.

Dogs should be on leash at all times, except where you know you are allowed to let them free. They can easily wreck havoc among nesting birds and among reindeer. They are disallowed altogether in some areas. In any case you must be capable of calling your dog back if it e.g. finds a wild animal, livestock or another dog.

Orienteering

It is easy to lose your orientation in the birch zone below the tree line.

At least on longer hikes you will need a compass, a suitable map and the skill to use them. Official trails are usually quite easy to follow, but there might be signs missing, confusing crossings and special circumstances (for instance fog, snow, emergencies) where you can get lost or must deviate from the route. Finding your way is your own responsibility. A GPS navigation tool is useful, but insufficient and prone to failure.

Magnetic declination is roughly in the range −15° (western Iceland) to 15° (eastern Finnmark), usually – but not always – negligible on land and in the inner archipelago. Finnish compasses often use the 60 hectomil for a circle scale; declination may be given as mils ("piiru"), i.e. 6/100 of degrees. One mil means about one metre sideways per kilometre forward, 10° about 175m/km.

As anywhere, compasses are affected by magnetic fields, and magnets have become common in clothing and gear, e.g. in cases for mobile phones. A strong magnet, or carrying the compass close to a weaker one, can even cause the compass to reverse polarity permanently, so that it points to the south instead of to the north. Check your gear.

Za Finska, Maanmittaushallitus makes topographic maps suitable for finding your way, in the scale 1:50,000 (Finnish: maastokartta, Švedščina: terrängkarta) for all the country, recommended in the north, and 1:25,000, earlier 1:20,000 (peruskartta, grundkarta) for the south. You can see the map sheet division and codes at Kansalaisen karttapaikka by choosing "order" and following directions. The former map sheets cost €15, the latter €12. For national parks and similar destinations there are also outdoor maps based on these, with huts and other service clearly marked and some information on the area (€15–20). Some of these maps are printed on a water resistant fabric instead of paper. For some areas there are detailed big scale orienteering maps, available at least from local orienteering clubs. Road maps are usually quite worthless for hikers once near one's destination.

Newer maps use coordinates that closely match WGS84 (EUREF-FIN, based on ETRS89), older ones (data from before 2005) a national coordinate system (KKJ/KKS/ISNET93; difference to WGS84 some hundred metres). In addition to coordinates in degrees and minutes (blue), metric coordinates are given in kilometres according to some of the old KKJ/YKJ grid, the local ETRS-TM grid and the national ETRS-TM35FIN grid. Old maps primarily show the metric (KKJ/YKJ) coordinates.

The data is free (since spring 2012) and available in digital form, packaged commercially and by hobbyists (but maps included in or sold for navigators are sometimes of lesser quality). The data is used by OSM and thus by OSM based apps. The map sheets are also available for brezplačen prenos as png files (registration mandatory) at the National Land Survey; topographic raster maps 1:50,000 are about 10 MB for 50×25 km.

Online maps for all the country with Metsähallitus trails and services marked (most municipal and private ones missing) are available for general use in mobilne naprave.

Explanatory texts are usually in Finnish, Swedish and English. Maps can be ordered e.g. iz Karttakeskus.

Za Islandija obstajajo sérkort in 1:100,000 scale with walking path information. Online map from the national land survey.

Za Norveška obstajajo Turkart (including trail and hut information etcetera; 1:25,000, 1:50,000 and 1:100,000) and general topographic maps by Kartverket (1:50,000, 1:100,000 and 1:250,000). Maps at 1:50,000 give enough detail for navigation in difficult Norwegian terrain (standard maps in Norway), maps 1:100,000 tend to be too course for hiking. Maps at 1:250,000 can be used for general planning, but not for navigation in the wilderness. Maps can be ordered e.g. iz Kartbutikken ali Statens Kartverk^{[mrtva povezava]}. Electronic maps are available from Norgesglasset. Online map for general planning is provided by the Trekking Association (DNT). The DNT maps also have information on huts and routes. Although the info is in Norwegian, it is in a standard format, quite easy to grasp. Note that walking times are given as hours of steady walk, you have to add time for breaks, and you might not be able to keep the nominal speed.

Lantmäteriet, the Swedish mapping, cadastral and land registration authority, used to publish printed maps of Sweden. Since 1 July 2018 they only publish maps on their website, where it is possible to download maps in the scales of 1:10 000 and 1:50 000.

For fell areas in Švedska there were two map series by Lantmäteriet, Fjällkartan 1:100 000 covering all the fell area, and Fjällkartan 1:50 000 covering the southern fells. The maps included information on trails, huts, weather etcetera, were adapted to the trails and overlapped as needed. They were renewed every three to five years.

For most of the country there is Terrängkartan (1:50 000, 75 cm x 80 cm). The road map, Vägkartan (1:100 000), covers the area not covered by Fjällkartan and includes topographic information. It may be an acceptable choice for some areas.

Lantmäteriet has an online map.

Maps are often for sale in well equipped book stores, outdoor equipment shops and park visitor centres. Maps for popular destinations may be available in all the country and even abroad, maps for less visited areas only in some shops. Ordering from the above mentioned web shops is possibly restricted to domestic addresses.

Note that maps, especially when based on older data, can have coordinate systems other than WGS84.

V border areas you often need separate maps for the countries. Some electronic maps handle the situation badly (the device showing blank areas of one map instead of information of the other map).

Polaris (North Star) is high in the sky, often seen also in sparse forest, but low enough that the direction is easily seen. Drugo natural orienteering aids include ant nests (built to get as much warmth from the sun as possible, thus pointing to the south), moss preferring the shadow and the boundary between grey and red of pine tree trunks, being lower on one side.

Fording

Fording with walking sticks on Nordkalottleden.

On marked routes there are usually bridges or other arrangements at any river, but at least in the backcountry in the north, in the mountains and in Iceland there are often minor (or "minor") streams too wide to jump over. In times of high water fording may be difficult or even impossible. Asking about the conditions beforehand, being prepared and – if need be – using some time to search for the best place to ford is worthwhile. Asking people one meets about river crossings ahead is quite common.

In Norway and Sweden it is common to have "summer bridges", which are removed when huts close in autumn. Off season you have to ford or take another route unless there is strong enough ice or snow cover. It is not always obvious from the maps what bridges are permanent (and permanent bridges can be damaged by spring floods). Not all bridges are marked at all on the maps, so you can have nice surprises also.

At some crossings there may be special arrangements, such as safety ropes. At lakes or gentle rivers there may be rowing boats, make sure you leave one at the shore from where you came.

Often the streams are shallow enough that you can get to the other side by stepping from stone to stone without getting wet (at some: if you have rubber boots or similar). The stones may be slippery or may wiggle; do not take chances.

In a little deeper water you will have to take off boots and trousers. Easy drying light footwear, or at least socks, are recommended to protect your feet against potential sharp edges. If you have wading trousers, like some fishermen, you can use those to avoid getting wet. A substitute can be improvised from raingear trousers by tying the legs tightly to watertight boots (e.g. with duct tape). Usually you get by very well without – avoiding drenching boots and raingear would your construction fail.

When your knees get wet the current is usually strong enough that additional support, such as a walking staff or rope, is needed. Keep the staff upstream so that the current forces it towards the riverbed, make sure you have good balance and move only one foot or the staff at a time, before again securing your position. Do not hurry, even if the water is cold. Usually you should ford one at a time: you avoid waiting in cold water or making mistakes not to have the others wait. People on the shore may also be in a better position to help than persons in the line behind.

Unless the ford is easy, the most experienced one in the company should first go without backpack to find a good route. If you have a long enough rope he or she can then fasten it on the other side. A backpack helps you float should you loose your balance, but it floating on top of you, keeping you under water, is not what you want. Open its belt and make sure you can get rid of it if needed.

The established place to cross a river is often obvious. Sometimes an established ford is marked on the map (Finnish: kahlaamo, Swedish, Norwegian: vad, vadested), sometimes it can be deduced (path going down to the river on both sides), sometimes you have to make your own decisions. Always make a judgement call: also established fords can be dangerous in adverse conditions, especially when you lack experience. Nikoli se ne zanašajte na to, da lahko prebijete reko, ki je lahko nevarna, raje si rezervirajte dovolj časa, da se izognete potrebi, če je branje pretežko.

Ko iščete, kje prečkati reko, ne iščite najožje točke: tam je tok najmočnejši. Boljši je širši odsek z zmernim tokom in zmerno globino. Trdni pesek v strugi je dober, čeprav ne preveč pogost. Včasih lahko skočite čez reko v soteski ali na kamnih v brzicah, vendar ne igrajte iger s svojim življenjem (premikanje misli ali drseče kamenje, ohlapni mahovi itd.).

Čas je lahko ključen pri nekaterih fordih. Ob močnem deževju bi verjetno morali čim prej odpeljati ali odnehati. Reke s snegom ali ledeniki gorvodno bodo lažje zjutraj po hladni noči.

Pri nekaterih rekah je treba iti gorvodno, dokler niso dovolj majhne. To se zgodi, če manjka most ali če potujete v času visokih voda. Če reka prihaja iz jezera z več pritoki, je pogosto iskanje poti nad jezerom. Lahko tudi sledite poti po grebenih namesto v rečnih dolinah, da se izognete vzpenjanju in spuščanju pri posameznih potokih.

V redkih primerih je najboljši način za prečkanje reke uporaba improviziranega splava, ki ga je mogoče zgraditi npr. iz nahrbtnikov, ponjave, vrvi in ​​nekaj mladih dreves. Poskrbite, da je vaša oprema dobro zapakirana v plastične vrečke in da vas tok ne ogroža.

Pozimi lahko pogosto prečkate reke po snegu in ledu, vendar je to dvorezen meč: debelina ledu v hitro tekočih rekah se drastično spreminja in lahko je odprta voda ali voda, prekrita samo s snežnim mostom, tudi v ekstremnih zimah. Snežni mostovi, ki jih je prečkalo prejšnje podjetje, se vam lahko porušijo. Ne zanašajte se preveč na svojo presojo, če vam manjka izkušenj.

Peš

Pot z račkami, spomladi poplavljena.

Za krajše pohode morda ne boste potrebovali posebne opreme.

Na večini območij je pričakovati moker teren. Vzdrževane pohodniške poti imajo v najhujših krajih račke, vendar niso vedno dovolj.

Na nekaterih gorskih območjih je teren skalnat in potrebna je trdna obutev.

Na oddaljenih padlih območjih je malo mostov in mostovi, označeni na vašem zemljevidu, morda manjkajo (uničeni zaradi poplavljanja rek ali odstranjeni za zimo). Bodite pripravljeni na uporabo fordov in morda improviziranih splavov. Vodostaji so lahko spomladi (nizvodno od ledenikov: poleti) ali po dolgotrajnem močnem deževju zelo visoki, zaradi česar je močvirje nevarno tudi v potokih, ki so sicer manjši. Običajno lahko informacije dobite vsaj o označenih poteh in o splošnih razmerah na tem območju od centrov za obiskovalce parkov in turističnih podjetij, ki skrbijo za pohodnike. Na označenih poteh rečni prehodi v običajnih razmerah ne bi smeli biti nevarni ali zahtevati posebnih veščin, vendar vedno uporabite lastno presojo.

Na nekaterih območjih je veliko barja. Preden se odpravite na enega, se prepričajte, da se lahko spustite. Glavna težava je izgubiti svojo pot, tako da ko odnehaš in se obrneš nazaj, najdeš pretežka mesta tudi tam. Če se jim izognete, boste vedno bolj odšli s prvotne poti. Presenetljivo težko si je zapomniti dovolj natančno uporabljeno pot.

S smučmi

Smučanje v nedotaknjenem snegu. Narodni park Riisitunturi marca finska Laponska.

Zimske pohode običajno opravijo tekaške smuči. Bolj izkušeni pohodniki imajo smuči, namenjene za uporabo tudi zunaj prog, kar omogoča oglede divjine v pokrajinah, ki jih človek ne dotakne. Tudi z običajnimi tekaškimi smučmi lahko doživite osupljive poglede, na pripravljenih progah ali v bližini vaše baze, v nekaterih pogojih tudi na daljših turah brez prog.

Tam, kjer so pohodniške poti, so pozimi pogosto označene proge za tek na smučeh z urejenimi smučarskimi stezami. Pot se pogosto razlikuje od poletnih, npr. da bi se izognili prestrmim odsekom ali izkoristili zamrznjena jezera in barja. Standardi se razlikujejo. V bližini mest in smučišč imajo poti lahko dvojne proge, prožni pas in luči, medtem ko nekatere "smučarske steze" v zaledju vzdržujejo samo tako, da se občasno vozijo z njimi z motornimi sanmi. Nekaj ​​smučarskih poti je celo neozdravljenih, kar pomeni, da si morate narediti svoje proge, tudi če jih sledite, razen če jih že ni kdo. Večinoma so proge urejene redno, vendar ne nujno kmalu po sneženju. Na ogledih, ki jih organizirajo turistična podjetja, boste morda včasih imeli posnetke narejene posebej za vas.

Če obstajajo proge za motorne sani, jim je morda lažje slediti kot smučati v ohlapnem snegu. Vendar pazite, saj se motorne sani po zelo hitri poti vozijo po svojih poteh, sledi neodvisnih voznikov pa vas lahko zavedejo.

Na severnih celinskih območjih so temperature lahko večji del zime nizke, kar pomeni, da je sneg suh in ohlapen (razen na negovanih stezah in tam, kjer ga veter utrdi). Nekateri dnevi (in noči) so lahko neverjetno hladni. To je cena za smučanje v Arktični noči.

Najboljša smučarska sezona na severu je, ko se dnevne temperature dvignejo nad ledišče in zjutraj po ledišču dajo dobro trdo podlago. Pazi snežna slepota in sončne opekline. Vstanite zgodaj: močna sončna svetloba in pogosto topli dnevi zmehčajo sneg, smučanje po urejenih progah pa lahko postane popoldne mučno.

Medtem ko uživate v lepem vremenu na severu ali v gorah, ne pozabite, da se vreme lahko hitro spremeni. Ujeti v snežni nevihti na območjih brez dreves je nevarno, še posebej, če niste usposobljeni in pripravljeni. Če boste zakasnili in boste morali (del) prenočiti na prostem, bo veliko hladneje kot podnevi.

Konec pomladi na severu, ko noči niso več dovolj hladne, je sneg mehak tudi zjutraj - če ostane sneg, ne pomeni nujno, da je smučanje lahko. Hkrati tali sneg poplavi vsak majhen potok. Če načrtujete potovanje po zadnjem snegu, se prepričajte, da razumete pogoje.

Z drsalkami

Pohodništvo z drsalkami.

Pogosto ledene razmere na jezerih, rekah in morju omogočajo drsanje na daljavo in pohodništvo z drsalkami. Samostojna ideja je slaba ideja, saj je ledene razmere težko napovedati, toda klubi in nekatera turistična podjetja organizirajo ture. Ker plitva jezera prej zmrznejo, notranje otočje nekoliko in morje mnogo kasneje (z veliko variacijami glede na vetrove, tokove, krajevne snežne padavine itd.), Običajno obstajajo kraji, kjer od posedanja ledu ni bilo ali je le rahlo snežilo . Lokalni navdušenci vedo, kje poskusiti srečo ali koga vprašati. S seboj prinesite posebno varnostno opremo za tovrstno drsanje (razen če vam je to zagotovi vodnik).

S kolesom

Kolesarska pot Rallarvegen

Kolesarjenje je na splošno vključeno v prosto gibanje na Finskem, Švedskem in v norveških gorah, vendar kolesa puščajo sledi in lahko povzročijo erozijo - in ne smete škodovati. Morda se boste želeli izogniti občutljivi ali neokrnjeni naravi. V norveški nižini, ki je pod vrvico, je kolesarjenje dovoljeno samo po poteh in cestah. Kolesarjenje je prepovedano tudi na izbranih poteh po nižini. Na Islandiji lahko kolesarite samo po poteh, cestah in poteh.

V nekaterih narodnih parkih in divjini je dovoljeno in spodbujeno kolesarjenje po nekaterih poteh, medtem ko je kolesarjenje na zavarovanih območjih sicer implicitno ali izrecno prepovedano.

Morda boste želeli kolesariti tudi po običajnem podeželju, po manjših cestah skozi vasi in prenočevati v šotorih ter izkoristiti pravico do dostopa. Nekaj ​​raziskav B & B: s in podobno se lahko izkaže kot vredno, npr. po čaj in žemljice v prijetnem okolju in klepet z domačini. B & B-ji pogosto prodajajo nekatere svoje izdelke, na primer obrt ali kozji sir. Morda bo potreben predhodni klic.

The Rallarvegen (Navvy road) je priljubljena kolesarska pot, prvotno gradbena cesta ob železniški progi Oslo – Bergen.

S konjem

Jahanje je na splošno vključeno v svobodo pohajkovanja, vsaj na Finskem in Švedskem, toda kjer je jahanje več kot priložnostno, ima vpliv na manjše ceste in teren. Če najamete konje, se hlev verjetno dogovori z lokalnimi lastniki zemljišč in vzdrževalci cest. Vprašajte, katere poti naj bi uporabljali.

Moj čoln

Norveško otočje Hamnøy, Lofoten.

Obstaja veliko destinacij, ki jih je najbolje doživeti z ladjo ali kjer kanu ponuja vredno drugačno izkušnjo. V nekaterih vas lokalni prevoz lahko del poti prepelje z rečnim čolnom in nadaljujete peš.

Na Norveškem je avtomobilski prevoz prepovedan v vseh celinskih vodah, v drugih državah pa v nekaterih posebnih vodah. Zasebnih pomolov ni dovoljeno uporabljati brez dovoljenja. V nasprotnem primeru redko obstajajo kakršne koli omejitve za prevoz z ladjo, če ste obzirni.

V bližini cilja lahko pogosto najamete kanuje in majhne čolne. Jahte lahko pogosto najamete v večjih mestih. Če želite uporabiti kaj velikega ali hitrega, morate poznati običajne predpise. Poglej tudi Čolnarjenje po Baltskem morju.

Če greš dol brzice imeti bi morali dovolj izkušenj, da veste, kaj vprašati, ali se prepričajte, da vaš vodnik ve, da ste začetniki. Veliko turističnih podjetij z veseljem pomaga. Obstaja tudi veliko možnosti za več tiho vožnjo s kanuji, zlasti na Finskem.

Kanujev, kajakov in drugih čolnov se ne sme premikati med vodnimi sistemi brez ustrezne razkuževanja, da se prepreči kontaminacija (kot so paraziti lososa in kuga rakov; dovolj je, da se čoln popolnoma posuši), ali preverjanje tega v posebnem primeru ni potrebno.

Ob obalah, v velikih jezerih in na otočju obstajajo dobre možnosti za morski kajak. Cilji vključujejo Morje arhipelaga, jezerski sistemi Finsko jezero in otočje Mälaren v Ljubljani Svealand.

Glej

Aurora Borealis v Sør-Varangerju, Severna Norveška.

Prelet po opisih nacionalnih parkov vam lahko da idejo o stvareh, ki jih želite videti.

V zimskih nočeh skrajnega severa, občasno na jugu, boste morda videli Severni sij (Severni sij). Na večini Islandije, v Tromsu, Finnmarku, najsevernejšem Norrlandu in na severu Finske Laponske se pojavijo 50–75% noči z jasnim nebom, v puščavi pa razen bakle ni svetlobnega onesnaženja - izogibajte se pokvaritvi nočnega vida . Verjetnost je največja pozno zvečer, ko je vaš dan običajno končan (če je nebo jasno, boste morda želeli za nekaj časa iti zvečer), toda ob kratkih dnevnih urah in malo sreče vam bodo morda osvetlili pot. , kar omogoča še močnejšo magijo.

Drugi pojavi, ki jih lahko vidite, so halo pojavi, kot so sončni psi in svetlobni stebri, ki se vsi pojavijo, ko se sončna ali lunina svetloba odbija skozi ledene kristale v ozračju.

Obstaja tudi Polnočno sonce severno od polarnega kroga, ko sonce sploh ne zaide, več tednov na severni Laponski in Finnmarku. Tudi tam, kjer sonce uradno zaide, sploh ne postane resnično temno, razen na jugu Švedske. Po drugi strani pa bo sredi zime večji del dneva tema (spet nad polarnim krogom je polarna noč do nekaj tednov okoli božiča). To omogoča dobre priložnosti za ogled Aurore, razen če je oblačno. Nekaj ​​ur bo sredi dneva še vedno nekakšna "zora" in sneg bo okrepil malo svetlobe, ki obstaja. Še posebej jasne noči brez mesecev na zasneženih območjih brez dreves ponujajo čaroben občutek, kjer je malo svetlobe, ki jo zagotavljajo zvezde (in morebitna severna luč), dejansko dovolj za iskanje poti. Izogibajte se uporabi svojih bakel (svetilk), saj traja približno eno uro, da se oči popolnoma prilagodijo temi.

Sneg pozimi se redno pojavlja nekaj mesecev - spet se ta sezona začne prej in konča pozneje, bolj severno gremo. Jezera in do neke mere morje (večina Botnijskega zaliva in Finskega zaliva, včasih skoraj vsi Baltski otoki) zmrznejo in po njem lahko smučate, drsate, ledene ribe ali celo vozite led pozimi (a le, če je led dovolj debel, vprašajte in opazujte domačine!). Tek na smučeh je morda najboljši način za premikanje. The zima v nordijskih državah je lahko povsem nova izkušnja za obiskovalce iz toplejših držav. Na atlantski obali in v južni tretjini je vreme toplejše in na prvem morda ne bo veliko snega, namesto njega pa veliko dežja.

Zimske pokrajine se zelo razlikujejo glede na vremenske razmere. V nekaterih pogojih zmrzal prekrije vegetacijo z občutljivimi strukturami, v drugih močan sneg prekrije drevesa, v nekaterih drevesa zaradi vetra ali otoplitve ostanejo gola. Zlasti na severu ekstremne kronske snežne obremenitve ustvarja vlaga, ki na vrhu snega tvori trden rob. Smreka na severu raste drugače kot tista bolj na jugu, da bi se spoprijela z obremenitvami.

Začetek ruska blizu Nikkaluokta, Gällivare.

Obstaja veliko gozd v tej regiji, razen na Islandiji, v višjih gorah, kjer tako rekoč nič ne raste, v visokogorju na severu in v tundri. Tajga - z večinoma borovimi in smrekovimi, nekaj breze in manjšimi zaplatami npr. aspen, jelša in rowan - prevladujejo v večjem delu regije. Na jugu so tudi npr. bukov in hrastov gozd, medtem ko daleč na severu in blizu drevesne meje prevladuje breza.

Jeseni listi postanejo rumeni, oranžni in rdeči, preden padejo. Ker dolžina dneva in temperature v najsevernejšem delu regije hitreje padajo, so močnejše barve. Na Finskem nekateri celo odpotujejo na Laponsko, da bi videli jesenske barve ruska (prijetna pohodniška sezona, tudi če se čas zalomi).

Vas v arhipelagu, Åland. Gole gladke podlage na obalah.

Nekatere največje arhipelag v Evropi najdemo v Skandinaviji. Če ti potovanje z ladjo od Stockholma do Turkuja ali Helsinkov, boste večino časa videli več otokov. The Morje arhipelaga zunaj Turkuja jih ima približno 40.000 (če se štejejo tudi otočki). Ob norveški obali se razprostira zelo dolg in gorski arhipelag - za popolno doživetje tega otočja, križarjenje po Hurtigruten. Obstajajo pa tudi manjši trajekti, ki vas peljejo od otoka do otoka. Ob norveški obali je približno 300.000 otokov, več kot v kateri koli drugi evropski državi. Manjši arhipelag je na obeh straneh Kvarkena - Visoka obala blizu Umeå in arhipelag Kvarken v bližini Vaasa, ki skupaj tvorijo Unescova svetovna dediščina. V mestu je še en arhipelag Bohuslän severno od Göteborg. Če želite videti jezerska otočja, Finsko jezero, še posebej Saimaa, je vsekakor kraj, kamor se lahko odpravite.

Obstajajo sledi ledene dobe; vso regijo je v zadnji ledeni dobi, do pred približno 10.000 leti, pokrival več kot kilometer ledu. Eskeri so nastali tam, kjer je naraščajoči ledenik material odrival in kamor je voda iz ledenikov, ki so se topili, prinašala pesek, gramoz in kamen. Ogromne kamnine je nosil led in jih pustil daleč od njihovega izvora (pogosto pripisujejo velikanom v lokalni folklori). Izvlečeni kamni v razburkanih potokih orjaški grelniki vode. Kamni in gramoz, ki so jih potiskali ledeniki, so negovali podlago, kot jo vidimo z gladke podlage na številnih obalah. Isti pojavi v manjšem obsegu se pojavljajo na obstoječih ledenikih. V naravnem rezervatu Kolvananuuro v Ljubljani Kontiolahti obstajajo sledovi ledene dobe pred 2500 milijoni let (sic!); finska podlaga je med najstarejšimi po vsem svetu (zato gore manjkajo: iztrošene so, skandinavske gore so precej mlajše).

Staro šivanje (seter) v Møre og Romsdal.

Na kulturna plat, na najsevernejšem delu Finske, Norveške in Švedske, ki jih lahko doživite Sami kultura. Tu in tam si lahko ogledate tudi zanimive kamne in gravure - petroglife, runske kamne, mejne oznake in spomenike. Starodavne ujetniške jame, ki so se uporabljale za lov na divjad (severne jelene in lose), je mogoče videti v golih gorah - ne pozabite, da so starodavni predmeti privzeto zaščiteni z zakonom. Norveška pogorja in gorske doline se še vedno uporabljajo za pašo domačih živali, pohodniki pa naj bodo pripravljeni na srečanje s kravami, kozami in ovcami, ponekod tudi s konji. Včasih je bilo na tisoče "poletnih kmetij" ("seter", shielings), kjer so poleti mlekarice pridelovale sir in maslo od koz in krav. Na nekaterih območjih so bili takšni premiki del polnomadskega načina življenja, kamor se je poleti preselila celotna družina. Ta združenja obstajajo kot ruševine ali se vzdržujejo kot počitniške koče, peščica jih še vedno vodi kot mlekarne.

Divje živali

Poglej tudi: Evrazijske prostoživeče živali

V padli regiji in na severu je veliko arktičnih vrst. V tajgi, zlasti na vzhodu in severu, je veliko vzhodnih vrst, ki jih ni mogoče najti v zahodni ali srednji Evropi. Ker ostajajo velika gozdna območja in sicer nerazvita območja, najdemo veliko vrst, ki so redke ali izumrle v bolj gosto poseljenih delih Evrope, celo pogoste.

Za večino sesalcev morate imeti nekaj sreče, da jih opazite, tudi tiste najpogostejše. Če v vašem kampu ne bo preveč hrupa in ne hodite tiho, morda proti vetru, boste povečali svoje možnosti - pa tudi tveganje, da se preveč približate, preden jih opazite, nevarne živali. Številne živali so aktivne v mraku in zori, zato imejte takrat odprte oči. Prav tako imate večjo možnost, da najdete iztrebke in odtise tačk - zlasti v primernem svežem snegu - in druge sledi, kot pa, da vidite živali.

Če si resno želite ogledati določene prosto živeče živali, se splača najeti vodnika. Vedo, kje in kdaj so možnosti najboljše, lahko pokažejo svoje sledi in jih verjetno tudi opazijo, preden to storite. Obstajajo bližnjice, na primer prenočevanje v skrivališču z vabo. Preverite, ali je vodnik na isti valovni dolžini in ali pozna vaše želje.

Velike zveri

Arktična lisica v zimski padli pokrajini (slika Magne Håland). Na tem visokem območju zaradi vetra ni veliko snega.

Štirje veliki (medved, volk, wolverine in ris) so sramežljivi in ​​le redko opaženi, tudi če pohodniki naletijo na sledi. Norveška, Švedska in Finska so edine države v Evropi (razen Rusije) z wolverineom. Wolverine in ris se v nekaj dneh sprehajata po širokih območjih. Nobena velika zveri ne ogroža ljudi, razen medvedjih mater, ki bodo zaščitile njene mladiče.

Tukaj je medved (Evroazijski rjavi medved, Ursus arctos arctos) na severu Švedske, celotni Finski in delih Norveške. Večinoma živi v iglavcih, največ koncentracij je v Severna Karelija. Pozimi spi. Iztrebke je pogosto enostavno prepoznati, v sezoni prevladuje borovnica. V nasprotju s severnoameriškimi medvedi se niso naučili prihajati po hrani pohodnikov.

The volk je v Skandinaviji izumrl, toda priseljeni volkovi s Finske in Rusije so zdaj ob meji med Vzhodna Norveška in srednja Švedska naokoli Värmland. Po celotni Finski so volkovi precej redki. Veliko bolj verjetno boste slišali volkove ali videli njihove sledi v snegu kot pa same volkove. Odtisi tačk so podobni tistim pri velikem psu in jih večinoma prepoznamo s preučevanjem vedenja: volkovi se pogosto premikajo na velike razdalje z malo ovinki in na teh dolgih razdaljah redno menjajo prednjo nogo od leve proti desni in nazaj. V čoporu volkovi pogosto uporabljajo skupno pot, ki je videti kot samo en volk.

Večina wolverines najdemo v skandinavski regiji padcev in v porečju Suomenselkä med Finskim jezerom in severno Finsko. Redke populacije so tudi na severni in vzhodni Laponski, posamezni volkodlaki pa so bili opaženi celo na južni obali. Vrnitev volka jim je zelo koristila. The ris tava po večini skandinavskega polotoka in Finske, vendar je tako kot wolverine v skromnem številu sramežljiv in redko viden. Ris je približno dvakrat večji od severnoameriškega bobca.

Rdeča lisica je pogost v razmeroma velikem številu na celotnem območju. The Arktična lisica je močno ogroženo, vendar so norveška prizadevanja dala dobre rezultate in ga najdemo na več območjih v skandinavskih visokogorjih in zelo redko na najsevernejši Finski.

Kopitarji

Napol divji severni jeleni je pogost prizor na območju gojenja severnih jelenov, tj. severnih predelih Finske, Norveške in Švedske. Obstajajo populacije divji severni jelen nad gozdno mejo na Južni Norveški na območjih, kot so Hardangervidda, Reinheimen, Setesdal-Ryfylke in Dovrefjell-Rondane. Tam so divji gozdni severni jelen v Kainuu in v Suomenselkä (zdaj razširjena tudi zunaj te regije). Severni jelen je bil nekoč zelo pomembna divjad, prazgodovinske ujetniške jame pa so na severu še vedno precej pogost pogled. Finska beseda za gozdne severne jelene (peura) je del številnih krajevnih imen, kar kaže na njegov pomen. Pohodniki ne smejo motiti severnih jelenov.

Los (los) je največja žival in je razširjen na Švedskem, Norveškem in Finskem. Na zahodu Norveške je manjši jelen najpogostejša velika divjad.

Elki (Ameriška: los; norveška: elg, Finščina: hirvi), "kralj gozda", so prisotni na vseh gozdnatih območjih, najlažje jih vidimo na poljih in jasah. Los je velika divjad, ki jo pohodniki najpogosteje opazijo, saj je manj sramežljiv kot jelen. Rdeči jelen živijo v velikem številu na zahodu Norveške in jugu Švedske, srnjad v primernih habitatih v celotni regiji, razen na severu. Jelen živi predvsem v gozdovih, poleti in jeseni pa je pogost tudi okoli gozdne meje. Srne pogosto zasledimo po kmetijah in naseljih po nižinah. ameriški belorepec so pogosti na Finskem (uvedeni v tridesetih letih prejšnjega stoletja). Z nekaj sreče boste videli nekaj teh, vsaj videli boste blato.

Myški volovi so bile v Dovrefjellu ponovno vpeljane v 40. letih prejšnjega stoletja, ker jih ni bilo v Evropi 9000 let, črede pa so zdaj tudi na nekaj drugih področjih.

Merjasci (Švedsko: vildsvin) so precej pogosti v Götaland in Svealand na Švedskem in na jugu Finske. Merjasce, ki se od tam priselijo, lahko občasno opazimo v drugih regijah (na primer ob norveških obmejnih območjih v Østfoldu in Hedmarku), vendar imajo težave z preživetjem težkih zim bolj na severu.

Drugi kopenski sesalci

Hrast, ki ga je obdeloval bober, Lidingö.

Evropski jazbeci so precej pogosti, a nočni. V hladnih predelih spijo vso zimo. Na najsevernejših območjih jih ni.

The vidra je na Finskem spet precej pogosta, na Norveškem in Švedskem pa verjetno še vedno redka. The Bober je bil izumrl na Finskem in Švedskem, vendar je bil ponovno uveden na Finskem, kjer so uporabljali tudi ameriške bobre (takrat so mislili, da gre za isto vrsto).

Lemming na severu Švedske, med kamni z lišaji.

Lemmings pojavljajo se v nekaj letih na padlih območjih in v njihovi bližini, nekaj let pa jih le redko vidimo. Vrhovi populacije lemingov so znani kot "leto lemingov" (lemenår) in lahko občasno povzroči gnečo v gorah in pogorjih. To nihanje močno vpliva tudi na sove in ptice molitve, nekatere se selijo ali ne gnezdijo, kadar so glodalci redki. Lesing je približno majhen hrček in slovi po agresivnem odnosu, če je ogrožen.

The veverica je pogosta v tajgi in na jugu, redkeje je videti v podrtih brezovih gozdovih. Sibirska leteča veverica živi predvsem v starih mešanih gozdovih, ki so ogroženi biotopi in jih le redko opazijo kot nočne, vendar so na Finskem kljub temu lahko pogosti (najdejo jih z iskanjem iztrebkov na pravih habitatih).

Obstajata dve vrsti zajec: gorski zajec je pogost na večini območja, medtem ko je evropski zajec pogost na jugu Finske, na Švedskem pa ima manj populacije. Prvi je manjši (toda tace so velike, prilagoditev globokemu snegu), pozimi bel, razen ušesnih vrhov, in mojster v zmedenih poteh (tek naprej in nazaj, skakanje na stran itd.).

Drugi mesojedci vključujejo rakunastega psa (na Finskem, južno od arktičnega kroga), borove kune, kune (prvotno pobegnil s krznenih farm, ki je zdaj pogosta), evropskega poleta (na Finskem, razen na Laponskem, na jugu Švedske in na jugovzhodu Norveške), hermelina in vsaj podlasica. Evropska kunka, ki ni zelo tesno povezana z ameriško, je tu uvrščena med izumrle, deloma pa jo je premagala.

Ptice

Pečina v Látrabjargu, kjer živijo milijoni ptic na najbolj zahodnem Islandiji.

Naleteli boste tudi na veliko različnih ptic, spomladi in zgodaj poleti pa boste pogosto slišali kukavico. Za opazovanje ptic je pogosto potreben dober daljnogled.

Islandija in Norveška imajo vzdolž obale strme pečine, kjer gnezdi na tisoče vodnih kokoši. Na norveški obali je največ ptic, medtem ko je v notranjosti vzpetin manj ptic - pogosto redkih ptic, kot je snežna sova ali hrapav krastač (slednji je povsod prisoten na padlih območjih na severu).

Na obali Norveške je največ največjega evropskega morskega orla (znanega tudi kot orel belorepec). Velika ptica je zaščitena z zakonom in jo je mogoče opazovati le od daleč. Veliko število orlov, zlasti okoli Bodøja, pomeni, da jih pogosto vidimo. Orel je postal pogost tudi na finskih obalah, zahvaljujoč obsežnim programom ohranjanja, potem ko so ga zlasti kemikalije, kot sta DDT in živo srebro, v sedemdesetih letih skoraj izumrle. Ob fjordih je v skandinavskih gorah in na finskem severnem delu celine (večinoma od Suomenselkä proti severu) tudi zlati orel (v finskem in švedskem imenuje se "kralj orel").

Na padlih območjih je vsepovsod hrapav krastač. Snežna sova redko gnezdi na padli vročini. Tu lahko opazimo tudi sokole, kot so gyrfalcon, sokol-sokol (oba ogrožena v nordijskih državah) in merlin. Velika severna sova gnezdi v severnih gozdovih, severna sokolova sova v podrtem brezovem gozdu ali drugem redkem severnem gozdu, uralska sova v tajgi, medtem ko evroazijska sova gnezdi na večini območij, razen skrajnega severa . Tawny sova je pogosta v južnih gozdovih. Jastreb in evropski vrabec sta v večini regije pogosta v gozdovih. Navadni kašelj je pogost na kmetijskih območjih.

Številne ptice gnezdijo ali se hranijo na mokriščih. Mnoga ptičja svetišča imajo račnice in opazovalne stolpe, ki dajejo dober razgled, medtem ko mokrišča v zaledju pogosto zahtevajo kar nekaj pozornosti, saj so po definiciji bolj ali manj naporna, da bi prišla skozi in domov za milijone komarjev (in pazite, kako veliko moti gnezdilke). Dober pogled na nekatera mokrišča lahko dobite z obale ali drugače zunaj samega mokrišča.

Labod nem je pogost na jugu. Labod hrošča je nacionalna ptica Finske, ptica Norrlanda, simbol nordijskega sodelovanja in simbol okolju prijaznih izdelkov. Gnezdi večinoma v majhnih jezerih v severni divjini, čeprav se širi nazaj na osrednjo Finsko in južno Skandinavijo. Knjiga Yrjöja Kokka o njenem izginotju je bila v petdesetih letih 20. stoletja pomembno odprtje oči in je prispevala k ohranjanju narave.

Med drugimi divjimi pticami, ki gnezdijo v divjinskih jezerih ali v njihovi bližini, so rdeče in črno grla, falaropa z rdečim vratom, severni pintail, evroazijski teal in belorepe gosi.

Voda

Vodna telesa imajo tudi živali, ki jih lahko opazijo, zlasti Atlantski ocean, kjer lahko vidite kite, tjulnje, ribe in vrsto manjših bitij, ki živijo v morju. Ogledate si lahko tudi morske ptice, od galebov do orlov belorepcev. Eno redkih srečanj je kritično ogroženi Saimain obročasti pečat (saimaannorppa), pečat, ki živi samo v Saimskem jezeru.

Ali

Gladke pečine, idealne za kopanje. Tu je tudi lestev. Zahodna obala Švedske.

Plavanje je dovoljeno in mogoče skoraj povsod v stotinah tisoč jezerih v regiji - ali v morju in rekah. Držite se primerne razdalje do domov, koč in zasebnikov (na Norveškem vsaj 50 metrov od stanovanjskih stavb). Na mnogih območjih so peščene plaže redke, gladke pečine ob obali pa so pogoste na obalah Finske in Švedske (rundhäll) in ponekod na Norveškem (svaberg), včasih pa jih imajo radi domačini. Pazite na tokove, na pol potopljene hlode in spolzke kamnine. Proti drugi polovici poletja lahko jezera in morje (zlasti Baltsko morje) okužijo cianobakterije ("cvetenje alg"), ki proizvajajo nevrotoksine. V tem primeru tam ne bi smeli plavati. V nasprotnem primeru je voda običajno čista (rjavkasta barva je pogosta na mnogih območjih in ni razloga za skrb).

Čim bolj proti severu postanete, hladnejša bo voda in plavanje v Arktičnem morju ali v jezeru ali potoku na skrajnem severu bo verjetno nekoliko hladna izkušnja tudi poleti. Kljub temu nekateri domačini radi plavajo v hladni vodi, tudi pozimi, kjer je ledena. V ledu je narejena luknja (švedsko: vak, Finščina avanto), po katerem je mogoče kopati v skoraj ledeni vodi. V zimskem času je veliko prireditev, tematskih zimsko plavanje.

Na Finskem to pogosto spremlja znak savna kopel za ogrevanje pred in po, čeprav je obisk savne pogost vse leto. V večini finskih hotelov in koč ter v nekaterih kočah (tudi na Švedskem) so savne na voljo brezplačno. V bolj primitivnih objektih bi morali pogosto savno ogrevati sami, nositi vodo in drva.

Možno je zberi si svojo hrano v divjini. Od poletja do jeseni lahko nabirate jagode in gobe (glej Jej oddelek). Upoštevajte, da so gobe dejansko najnevarnejša stvar, ki jo boste videli v gozdovih; se prepričajte, da poznate gobo, ki jo nabirate, in morebitne lokalne dvojnike. Lov in ribolov so precej priljubljene dejavnosti na podeželju, vendar razen ribolova v določenih okoliščinah običajno potrebujete dovoljenje lastnika zemljišča, oblasti ali obojega (glejte Pristojbine oddelek). Pozimi je ribolov na ledu pogost.

Medtem ko je pohodništvo nekaj, kar se dela peš, obstajajo tudi drugi načini gibanja, nekateri pa so izkušnje same po sebi. Če se želite po snegu premikati po gozdu (ali kje drugje), tek na smučeh je lahko dobra alternativa. Reke, jezera in morje so kraji za vožnja s kanuji, kajakaštvo in jadranje (glej Obiti oddelek). Če ti je všeč alpinizem, vaše najboljše možnosti so na Norveškem ali blizu norveške meje na Švedskem. Za to aktivnost potrebujete več opreme kot za redno pohodništvo, v nekaterih primerih - npr. za ledenik ogledi - tudi vodnik. Drugje so gore običajno nižje in ne tako strme, zato je do vrhov mogoče priti samo s hojo. Plezanje po skalah je tu in tam mogoče na večjem delu območja.

Obstajajo tudi druge dejavnosti, specifične za destinacijo, kot je prenašanje zlata v Lemmenjoki in Tankavaara v finski Laponski.

Jej

Kuhanje s kamp pečjo Trangia.

Dovoljeno vam je nabirajte jagode in gobe (razen v nekaj naravnih rezervatih) in lahko kupite dovolilnice za ribolov (nekaj ribolova je brezplačno, vendar je to odvisno od regije) in včasih celo za lov (predhodno izpolnite potrebne papirje). Prejeto lahko uporabite za popestritev obrokov in vam včasih omogoči dodaten dan, vendar na to ne računajte. Nabiranje jagodičja ali gob v bližini drugih ali njihovih domov in koč lahko štejemo za nesramno.

Kot povsod je tudi hrano za nekaj dni mogoče zelo enostavno prenašati, za daljša potovanja pa morate skrbno načrtovati. Tudi ko je večina poti skozi divjino, boste morda mimo krajev, kjer se boste lahko napolnili. Hrana se prodaja v številnih kočah: selvbetjent hytte (s posušeno in konzervirano hrano) in betjent hytte na Norveškem in mnogi fjällstuga na Švedskem. In Finland, Iceland and northernmost Norway such "huts" are rare, you will have better luck trying to pass by a camping ground with a well equipped kiosk or a village with a shop, the smallest ones sometimes serving you on request outside normal hours as well, some even delivering purchases to or nearby the trail on agreement.

You can also get meals at some destinations: food is served in the fjällstation in the Swedish fells and betjent hytte in the Norwegian outdoors. In Finland some tourist businesses serve meals also in the wilderness on request (if not too far from usable roads or off-road routes; you could ask them to bring replenishment as well), otherwise you could at least have a good meal before or after your hike – or have a guide catering for the meals. The normal way is to cook one's own food, though, at least most of the time.

You should keep your food (and edible waste) away from rodents, especially at wilderness huts, campfire sites and similar, where they might get accustomed to finding food of hikers, and when staying a longer time at some location.

Kuhanje food over an open fire is nice and you may have plenty of opportunities, but open fires are not allowed when there is a risk of forest fire, and not everywhere. Wilderness huts have stoves, where you can cook your meals, but you are advised to also carry your own camping stove. Check in advance that fuel is available for your stove, in the right package if you use gas; locals typically use denatured alcohol (Sweden: "T-sprit", Finland: "marinoli" or "sinoli", note that also other products sold under the last name) or propane (or propane/butane/whatever), in Iceland mainly the latter [check!].

The Deadly webcap (pictured above) is easily distinguished from the edible Funnel chanterelle, but only if you look at every individual mushroom.

Funnel chanterelles are not only edible but delicious.

If you plan picking mushrooms, do make sure you pick only edible ones and treat them correctly, and if you have any doubt in your ability to avoid eating poisonous mushrooms, don't pick any. Beware that some deadly mushrooms may resemble edible ones growing where you come from. Be especially cautious about anything that can be mixed with Amanita species such as Death cap and European destroying angel or with Deadly webcap. The false morel Gyromitra esculenta is regarded a delicacy, but is potentially deadly unless carefully prepared the right way. "Safe" mushrooms that are often picked include chanterelles (Cantharellus cibarius) and many species of ceps (Jurčki), e.g. porcini (Jurčki). Most mushrooms are extremely perishable, so handle them with care. Mushroom picking trips with an expert guide are arranged at many locations, or you might have a knowledgeable friend who could give you advice.

Commonly picked berries include bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), bog bilberry (V. uliginosum), strawberry, raspberry, lingonberry (cowberry), cranberry, cloudberry and crowberry. There are also poisonous berries, but they should be easy to distinguish from these. The berries can be eaten untreated, although some of them are at their best as juice or jam. Picking cloudberry may be restricted in northern Norway and northern Finland, so check before picking large quantities (eating as much as you want on the spot is always allowed). In Iceland berries may be picked only for immediate consumption.

Choice of food varies very much depending on the length of the journey and possibilities of replenishment – and personal preferences. Also, the season affects choices: in cool weather you might not need a fridge, but many fruits and vegetables dislike freezing temperatures (heard at a winter camp: "may I have a slice of milk, please").

In Finland, a common choice for hiking breakfasts is oat porridge with soup made from berry powder (kissel, fruit soup; Finnish: kiisseli, Švedščina: kräm). Lunch should be easy to prepare, an extreme variety being to heat water at breakfast and put soup powder in it at lunch. Sandwiches are common on shorter hikes. If weather and terrain permits, a somewhat more time-consuming lunch can be made. The heaviest meal is usually eaten in the evening (contrary to local practice at home) — often freeze-dried stews or meals with dehydrated mashed potato or pasta combined with e.g. suitable tins. On longer hikes crispbread (näkkileipä/knäckebröd) is often used as snack and accompaniment. Fresh fish made by open fire is a luxury, as is self-made bread or wild herbs as complement. Some prefer to avoid the industrialised food altogether, using home-dried ingredients.

Wash up dishes some distance from the water source and pour used water on land, not in the stream (there is no bear problem here). Washing-up liquids are often unnecessary if you can use hot water. Have somewhere to put used tins and other packages.

Pijte

Water flowing abundantly from high mountains is usually perfectly safe.

There are tens of thousands lakes in the rugged Scandinavian mountains, and in most Finnish regions.

In the wilderness you can usually drink good-looking vode from springs and streams without treatment, and most hikers do. In the Norwegian mountains above the forest line one can often see where water is coming from which makes it easy to assess quality. There is no guarantee, however. A dead elk or reindeer upstream can make you severely ill with no warnings. In general, streams from high ground have the best water, particularly from areas too high for animals to graze. In the high mountains, free-flowing streams offer superb water quality, and lakes in the high mountains also have good water. However, water directly from glaciers including glacial melt water rivers has lots of particles and should be avoided. In periods of warm weather, water in minor slow-running streams can easily become unhealthy. Heavy rains, although they increase the flow, also increase the amounts of unhealthy elements from the ground. Massive reindeer movements, such as at the round-ups in June, can make water in the affected area unhealthy for a few weeks – check your map and take your water upstream.

You might be advised to boil your water for a few minutes unless tested (and it is wise to do so if you have any doubts about the quality; boiling seems to be more effective than filtering) – but drinking the water fresh from a stream is one of the pleasures. Water with visible amounts of cyanobacteria is unusable also as boiled, but you would probably not drink that anyway.

Where natural water (or snow) can be used, you do not want to carry excess water. Half a litre to one litre per person is usually enough for breaks between water sources. On the Norwegian mountains there is generally plenty water throughout summer, except on ridges and high plateaus. In wintertime you might prefer a thermos bottle.

When planning where to eat or stay overnight, remember that the smaller streams running off fells without glaciers may be dry in hot summers. Have a backup plan with more reliable sources if in doubt.

In populated areas the water is more likely to be unhealthy, e.g. because of roads, settlements or grazing cattle upstream. Also in some boggy areas, and in certain types of terrain in Iceland, good water is hard to find. Tap water is nearly always potable (except in trains, boats and similar); you can expect there to be a warning if it is not.

At lodgings and cooking sites there are usually wells, unless a nearby stream can be used. The water may or may not be usable untreated. If the water is supposed to be good, there should be official test results confirming the quality. The snow is usually clean if it looks so, and can be melted on the stove (if there is both a gas stove and a wood heated one, the wood stove should mostly be used for this, to save gas).

Private wells may not be used without permission, but if you are polite, people at any house will probably be happy to give you water.

Spi

You want to camp by water. Note the snow in this photo of Narodni park Pallas-Yllästunturi from the middle of June.

You are probably going to carry a tent, at least as a safeguard. Using it is free in the wilderness, but when camping at a site with facilities, you may have to pay for the service.

There are also lodging facilities of varying standards, especially at "official" destinations and maintained trails. In northern Finland there are open wilderness huts (in the south lean-to shelters are more common), where small parties can stay overnight for free. In Sweden and Norway you usually have to pay for the lodging, but the huts have a more hostel like standard, sometimes B&B or hotel like. The "huts" are usually cottages, but some resemble the traditional goahti (kota, kammi, gamme, kåta). Some facilities are meant only for those moving by foot or ski (check separately, if you e.g. are using a snowmobile).

In many wilderness huts there is a wood fired stove for heat and a gas stove for cooking. Do not use gas for warming or for melting snow for water. It takes some time to get the cabin warm in the cold season, but you have warm clothes, don't you.

If you have a dog, check where it is allowed. Usually it is allowed in Finnish wilderness huts if the other users agree, but not in the reservation huts. In Norway there usually is a separate apartment for those with dogs, or a special place for the dogs.

In Finland most wilderness huts are maintained by Metsähallitus, the governmental forestry administration. Many huts in Norway are maintained by "dugnad" (common work) by local clubs of the non profit DNT, Den Norske Turistforening, or administered by DNT. Within the Norwegian DNT-system there are more than 500 lodges available. Svenska Turistföreningen (STF) administers many of the huts in Sweden. There are often discounts for members of the tourist associations involved, and possibly of their sister organisations in other countries. You will also need the key of DNT to access its unmanned huts (deposit of 100 kr for members of DNT, STF, Suomen Latu in Ferðafélag Íslands).

Nowadays most Metsähallitus wilderness huts have a page at the nationalparks.fi site, most huts in or near Norway have one at the DNT site ut.no (in Norwegian, but the summary information is in a consistent format), often with links to the official page if any, and many huts in Sweden have a page at the operators site, sometimes also elsewhere. These pages provide basic information, but are sometimes generic. "Overnatting: lite egnet" ("hardly suited for overnight stay") on ut.no may just mean that the hut is not up to DNT standards – the reason may e.g. be lack of mattresses and blankets as in the Finnish open huts. A somewhat more comprehensive description is provided (e.g. "... med sovepose ... er det greitt å overnatte": with sleeping bag ... fine), but may require proper knowledge of Norwegian. STF appends a general description of their huts, which may or may not apply.

In Iceland wilderness huts are maintained by Icelandic travel clubs, with most of them being maintained by The Icelandic touring association in icelandic travel club útivist.

You might want to stay at a hotel or some other non-wilderness facility before or after your hike. There is also the possibility to rent a cottage as a osnova for your hikes, either by the roads, with service in reach, or in the backwoods.

Sleeping bags

There are accommodations with sheets and pillows in some areas, but unless you know you are going to get to use such service every night, you will need to have sleeping bags and hiking mattresses. Mostly the "three season" version, with "comfort" temperature around freezing and "extreme" temperature about -15°C to -25°C ( 5 to -15°F), is the right choice. Freezing night temperatures are possible all the year in the north and in the mountains, most of the year elsewhere, although also night temperatures of 10–15°C (50–60°F) are possible. Sleeping bags for "summer" use are adequate in summer with some luck (sometimes even slumber party bags suffice), but use your judgement before trusting one for a certain hike. A sheet and the right pyjamas will go a long way in making a borderline sleeping bag warmer. In cold weather it is common to use also a cap and possibly other additional garment, but try to reserve dry clothes for that. The clothes used in the day are usually damp, and will give you a colder night than necessary (but it is a judgement call, sometimes you want to dry them in the bag). And note the difference between a borderline sleeping bag and one totally inadequate: your ability to withstand cold is seriously diminished while laying down; a cold winter's night is really incredibly cold. You do not want night temperatures anywhere near the "extreme" figures of the sleeping bag (where most fit men survive a short night, not necessarily unharmed).

If hiking in cold weather, the hiking mattress is not just a luxury, but as essential as the rest of the gear. It need not be expensive, but should be good enough. Double cheap ones are often as good as one expensive, if you sleep between others (the expensive ones are usually wider and less slippery). Air-filled hiking mattresses are not warmer or more comfortable than the ordinary ones, they just save a little space and weight, at the cost of being less reliable.

Unless having some experience or going for extreme adventures, you probably do not intend to sleep outdoors in winter. A good sleeping bag allows sleeping in a tent (sometimes even without) also in cold winter nights, but not in all conditions without quite some skill; fire can make the night warmer, but building and maintaining it is not necessarily easy. For mountain hikes and for winter hikes in the north, unless you have an experienced guide in the company (friend or professional), you should make sure you have some understanding of the worst case scenarios and appropriate survival techniques.

Sleeping bags for the winter are unnecessarily warm indoors. A version with double bags (use only one when in a hut) is probably a good choice. Some use a pair of sleeping bags the other way round: two lighter sleeping bags can be used as one for the winter, given the outer one is big enough. The latter solution allows saving money, at the cost of more weight.

Šotori

Skis and ski poles used to secure the tents in the snow. Kungsleden trail in winter.

Even when you plan to use huts, a tent may be a necessary safeguard. Local hikers mostly use tents with waterproof roof and bottom and a mosquito proof but breathing inner layer. The typical size is "2–3 persons". Larger tents are often clumsy and heavy. Good ventilation is key to avoid excessive moisture, but you also want to keep the wind and snow out. In winter moisture is hard to avoid, and often the tent should be dried in a cottage after use. In the fells the tent should be usable also in hard winds (learn how to cope). In warm weather, the sun shining at the tent from three o'clock in the morning can turn it into a sauna. Choose a place with shade in the morning if you want to avoid that.

There are tents warmed by fire, either with a stove (typically the same types as the military uses) or constructed for an open fire (the Sámi lávvu, the Finnish laavu or loue or similar). They are quite commonly used, but weight or need of firewood make them impractical on many wilderness hikes. In some of these, three season sleeping bags are adequate also in cold winter nights.

In spring and autumn, when the nights are not too cold and the mosquitoes are absent, a laavu, loue or tarp tent can be a real alternative also where you cannot keep an overnight fire: lighter than tents, giving shelter in the evening and getting you closer to the nightly nature. With some tents it is possible to use just the inner layer (for mosquitoes) or the outer layer (for wind and moisture), to likewise get closer to the environment.

You might get away without a tent in areas where extreme conditions are unlikely. In Norway, where light packings are the norm, bivvy bags or similar are commonly carried instead, but you should know how to survive in any foreseeable conditions with the equipment you choose.

There are no fees for using the tent in national parks and similar in Finland. There may be a fee in Norway and Sweden, if you want to use facilities of non-free huts (toilets etcetera – which you are supposed to intend to use if you camp nearby).

You are often allowed to camp freely in the backcountry. In minor protected areas, where there is no true backcountry, camping is often restricted to designated campsites, possibly outside the area proper. Camping by infrastructure such as campfire sites and lean-to and cooking shelters is usually allowed (put the tent up at a small distance, so that also others can use the facilities).

Outside protected areas the pravica do dostopa allows camping, as long as you keep the distance to people and do not disturb. If you are staying in the same place for more than one night (or a few, if far enough from people), you should make sure the landowner does not mind. Probably you should ask for permission and give something to show appreciation.

Camping sites do have fees. If you are planning to stay near a camping site you should probably use it and pay the fee – but you are free to find a suitable place for your tent somewhere farther from people, if you prefer.

Lean-to shelters

Lean-to shelter with campfire.

Lean-to shelters (Finnish: laavu, kiintolaavu; Norveščina: gapahuk; Švedščina: vindskydd, skärmskydd) are structures with a leaning roof and three walls, often of timber, with a campfire place near the missing front wall. They are common in Finnish national parks and usually primarily intended for breaks, but can be used for spending the evening or even the night. There is often a pit toilet, a woodshed and some water source nearby.

Although the lean-to shelters are constructed also for overnight stay, you might sleep more comfortably in your tent nearby. The shelters are usually designed so that the fire will be of little use to persons sleeping, to avoid massive consumption of firewood. In Sweden some, but not all, shelters are meant for overnight stays.

There are similar shelters made from tent fabric (Finnish: laavu), which can be carried instead of a tent. Where keeping a big enough fire through the night is possible, they offer a lighter and warmer solution than normal tents – but the firewood is hardly available in non-emergencies unless you know the landowner. Traditionally these, or similar shelters made from spruce branches, were used with a log fire, which would burn steadily through the night (rakovalkea, nying; the dimensions of the logs: an inch an hour, the length of an axe handle per person). Lone Finnish wanderers would use an even lighter loue ali erätoveri (a kind of tarp tent) in the same fashion.

Day huts

Wilderness hut interior, Finland

Day huts (in Sweden: rastskydd, in Finland päivätupa, raststuga) are wilderness huts not meant for staying overnight. They can be nice locations for a lunch break and similar and in emergencies they may be used also for overnight stay.

In many Finnish national parks there are so called "Lap pole tents", primarily used as day huts, but at least some suitable also for overnight stay. They are much more primitive than the normal wilderness huts, their construction inspired by the Sámi timber or peat goahtis.

The Norwegian emergency huts (nødbue) are also commonly used as day huts.

The Icelandic day huts are generally emergency huts (neyðarskýli), run by the local search and rescue teams. Road signs with an red house and a blue border will lead you to the emergency huts.

Open wilderness huts

Open wilderness hut, Riisitunturi, Finska. Privy and firewood store in the background.

Open wilderness huts are unmanned and unlocked cottages open for use without any fee. They are typical for the Finnish national parks and wilderness areas, but open wilderness huts exist also in other countries.

Most wilderness huts in Finska vzdržuje Metsähallitus. Wilderness huts maintained by others (typically by reindeer herders, fishers, hunters or the border guard) work much in the same way, but are usually not marked as such on official maps. Nowadays many of these other huts are locked, especially at popular destinations.

The wilderness huts may be very primitive, but typically provide at least beds (without mattresses or blankets; traditionally one wide bunk bed for all to share), a table and benches, a stove for heat and cooking (often separate, the latter with gas), firewood, a well or other water source and a guest book. There may be a folder with instructions. There should be a pit toilet nearby (use your own toilet paper). You usually get light by your own candles and torch (flashlight). As heating is by the wood fired stove, it will take some time to get the hut warm in the winter. The capacity varies, with beds for six to twelve persons being typical; sleeping on the floor is not unusual.

Wilderness huts may not be used for commercial overnight stays, but may otherwise be used for one or two nights by anybody moving by foot. In some huts you are explicitly allowed to stay somewhat longer. The ones arriving last have an absolute right to the facilities: if there is no room left, earlier guest have to leave, be it in the middle of the night (such latecomers are probably in dire need of the shelter). Usually there is room for everybody, with proper consideration, but larger parties coming early should go to sleep in their tents instead (or use a reservation hut), to avoid hassle.

If you stay for more than one night, you should put up your tent and keep the hut tidy, so that you easily can leave it for another party turning up (still having some equipment drying and making food indoors is usually no problem). Otherwise the newcomers will probably themselves put their tent up. If the area is busy, you should leave the hut after one night, unless there are special reasons for you to stay (drenched equipment, snowstorm, what have you).

Much of the responsibility for maintaining wilderness huts is by their guests (regular maintenance being done only biennially at many remote huts). Check the stove before using it and report any faults that you cannot repair yourself. Make sure there is dry firewood ready for use (the next party may arrive late, wet and cold).

V Švedska similar wilderness huts can have a fee, paid after the visit by giro forms available at the hut. Unlocked compartments of manned huts (or a small unlocked hut nearby), available for emergencies when the hut is closed outside season, work in a similar way.

V Islandija too you are supposed to pay for using unlocked wilderness huts. Some of the huts are intended for use in summer only and may lack a stove. There are also emergency huts (usually painted red or orange), where you are not supposed to stay in normal circumstances. If you do use the hut, sign the guest book and tell if you used any of the supplies.

Tudi v Norveška there are open huts for overnight stay in emergencies (nødbue), often used as day huts otherwise. The standard resembles that of Finnish open wilderness huts. In some areas of Norway (particularly those not covered by the trekking association) there are also very basic huts maintained by regional mountain councils.

Locked wilderness huts

A self-service mountain cabin in Norway, manned in summer.

Some wilderness huts are locked, with the key available from a park visitor centre or similar location. In Norway the key of DNT is used for most of these, but not all. A few of the Norwegian huts are closed in midwinter, in the hunt season in autumn or in the reindeer calving season in May–June. In Finland booking is compulsory, in Norway typically not possible.

Ubetjent hytte in Norway resembles the open wilderness huts in Finland, but has mattresses, blankets and pillows (use your own sheet bag/sheets). Extra mattresses are available, so that everybody gets a place to sleep even when the hut is crowded. The price is typically 300–500 kr per person for a night, less if you have bought a membership in DNT. Nowadays many of the huts have solar panels for light (the 12V symbol on ut.no pages usually signifies this, not that phones can be charged).

Selvbetjent hytte is also unmanned (except possibly in season), but with possibilities to buy food, which is paid together with the accommodation. The food item selection is intended to be sufficient (but no perishables).

Reservation huts in Finland are often available at popular destinations, meant for larger or commercial parties and those wanting a guaranteed bed. They are often located by an open wilderness hut (and may consist of a separate locked department of this). They are like the open wilderness huts, but often have mattresses, blankets, pillows and cooking utensils. The fee is about €10 per person for a night.

Wilderness huts in Iceland have sleeping bag accommodations (use your own sleeping bags), a WC and either a kitchen or a stove. The huts are open during the summer, closed during the winter. To ensure a place in the hut you should reserve in advance. The price is typically 4500–7000 ISK for a night. Some of the wilderness huts are manned during the summer.

Manned wilderness cottages

Kebnekaise fjällstation, Sweden.

In Sweden and Norway it is common to have bigger staffed wilderness cottages in popular areas. You may or may not be able to reserve a bed beforehand and there may be service available, such as food to buy or meals served. The standard is sometimes like that of a hostel or even a hotel.

Fjällstuga in Sweden are often located by trails at 10–20 km distances, equipped with mattresses, blankets, pillows and kitchen utensils. There may be a sauna and a kiosk for buying food (quite limited assortment). The guests are supposed to fetch water, make firewood, clean up etcetera themselves. Booking beds may or may not be possible. Larger parties or persons with dogs should announce their arrival beforehand. Prices vary, typically 150–400 SEK/night/person.

If the cottage is closed outside seasons, there may be an unlocked room available for emergencies (see open wilderness huts above).

The Swedish fjällstation are larger establishments, with both hostel and hotel like lodging, restaurant, self-service kitchen, sauna and other facilities. In season booking beds is recommended. Outside season the fjällstation may be closed, with an unlocked space available for emergencies (see open wilderness huts).

Covid-19 information: Advance reservation is mandatory at staffed Norwegian wilderness huts. For information about how to make a reservation, refer to the hut's page on ut.no.

Betjent hytte in Norway often offer electricity (by the grid or a local source), dinner and breakfast, bedrooms for a few persons each and dormitories, showers and drying rooms. Their web pages usually show weather forecasts for the area. The price for room and meals might be around 800 - 1000 NOK/night/person for members (dormitory prices are often in the range of unmanned huts, i.e. 200–300 NOK).

Off season they may function as unmanned self-service (selvbetjent) or serviceless (obetjent) hytte. Some close entirely.

Rental huts and cottages

If you want a base for exploration of an area you might want to rent a hut or cottage. Some may be available for a single night also. The cottages may be maintained by governmental agencies, tourist businesses, associations or private people. The standards and prices vary wildly.

Statskog in Norway has some 80 cottages for rent across the country for NOK400 per night.

Many former border guard huts, little used open wilderness huts and similar in Finland have been transformed to rental huts. These are usually maintained by Metsähallitus.

Motorhomes, caravans

It is not legal to park a motor-home on most parking places. Usually it is legal to spend the night on a rest area along the roads, but especially in southern Sweden, there have been thefts there. It is recommended to stay at camping sites if having a motorhome. In Finland, using rest areas for caravans is possible at least while visiting some wilderness areas.

Hoteli

Hotels and other high standard accommodation is used by many hikers before or after a long journey, to get a good rest and as a way to become ready for the civilisation (or for the hike). There are often hotels and other high level accommodation available near "official" hiking destinations. Often most guests are staying at the hotel, enjoying just local facilities, possibly making day trips or the odd overnight trip.

Nakup

Sami handicraft (duodji) "niibi" and "leuku" knives, the latter used instead of a small axe.

You might want to buy an all-round hiking and handicraft knife, either a Finnish "puukko" or a Sami "leuku" or "niibi", and a Sami wooden cup "guksi" (Finnish: kuksa, Švedščina: kåsa). Quality varies from cheap import to masterpieces by local craftsmen – and the price accordingly.

The literature for sale at park visitor centres may be interesting – and a postcard is never wrong. There are some souvenirs to buy, but you probably want to look in real shops also.

Some shops in the country side have an impressing collection of things, worth investigating if something breaks or you lack something essential. They may also be willing to order things for you. Buying food here instead of in supermarkets will help these shops survive, but hiker's specialities, such as freeze-dried foods, may not be available. Opening hours are often short (but sometimes very flexible) and some shops are closed off-season.

You might want to check beforehand where to get products of local artists, craftsmen and craftswomen. Tourist shops may have quite a limited assortment of the real thing, with lots of (possibly imported) kitsch instead.

Ostani varen

There are bogs you should not try to cross. Patvinsuo National Park in Eastern Finland.

As the Norwegian mountains have been "discovered" by the world, even people without mountaineering experience have come to think "I have to go there". Countless rescue operations frustrate local authorities and volunteer rescue services, and fatal accidents have not been avoided. The other Nordic countries have similar risks, although the numbers of careless adventurers are smaller.

Nordic hikers usually grow into the hiking tradition from childhood, and often have a great deal of experience and understanding of the dangers before going on their own. When you know what you are doing, most risks can be avoided or given due attention without even thinking twice about it. This is not necessarily the case for tourists. Do heed warnings even when not emphasized, and make sure you are up to your planned adventure.

If you are at all unsure about your skills and fitness or the difficulties on the intended route, talk with somebody who can make an assessment. There are many easy routes, but some routes are easy only for those with enough experience, and that may not always be apparent from the descriptions.

• You are on your own.
  • Check the route on a good map and evaluate it. Do not expect stairs, rails or foolproof markings – or any guarantee about the weather. If you head for wilderness views, expect to have to handle the wilderness, whatever that means, sometimes even on busy trails.
  • Be aware that in general there are no guards on duty and mostly no fences. Also warning signs are used sparingly in the Nordic countries – do not expect any in the wilderness. People are supposed to have enough experience and to use their own judgement; if something looks dangerous, it probably is. The rare cases of warnings are really serious.
  • You do not have immediate help available on your hike, you have to be able to help yourself for quite a while. While cell (mobile) phones add to safety, hikers can not rely on them; in some areas there is no phone coverage in the lowlands and valleys. The obvious minimal precaution is to never go alone and never without experienced enough company.
  • Somebody knowing your plans and calling for help if you do not return on time is a good life insurance (if you are delayed, do tell the person or, if that fails, the emergency service).
• Stay warm and dry
  • The main hazard in the Nordic countries is cold weather, which can turn minor mishaps into emergencies. Hypothermia can happen even in summer at above freezing temperature. Water and wind increases cooling tenfold and can turn an easy hike into an unpleasant and even dangerous situation. At high altitudes (such as in Jotunheimen) strong wind and snowfall can occur even if there is nice weather in the valleys beneath. Bring basic winter clothing (beanie, gloves, scarf, warm jumper, wind proof jacket) even in summer for higher altitudes and longer hikes.
  • Frostbite is a risk at temperatures considerably below freezing, particularly when wind adds to the cooling effect. Frostbite occurs first or primarily in extremities (fingers, toes) and exposed areas of the face. Hypothermia and frostbite are related because hypothermia causes the body to withdraw heat and blood from the limbs to protect the body core. Alcohol, smoking, medical conditions, fatigue and insufficient food and water increase the risk.
  • When crossing rivers or lakes in the winter, mind ice safety.
  • Wind warnings are given for quite moderate winds – for a reason. In open terrain in the mountains hard winds will make everything more difficult. In the lowland already gale force winds can take down trees and branches.
• V mountainous areas there are all the usual risks, including fog, high waters, avalanches (lavin(e)/snøras/snöskred/lumivyöry), and snowstorms even in the summer at sufficient altitudes. Heed the advice and you will be reasonably safe. Poglej tudi Snow safety in Alpinizem. Avalanche warnings are given for the slopes of ski resorts and for the general mountain areas. Check them and make sure you understand the implications, especially if you are going off season or off marked trails.
• Know where you are
  

  Signs are helpful and convenient, but no substitute for a map and compass. Raggsteindalen in Buskerud.
  • It is easy to get lost at ridiculously short distances in unfamiliar terrain. Take a careful look even if you are going only for a minute. Dense forest, fog and open plateaus with no clear landmarks are the most difficult.
  • Always take a map and compass with you when leaving the immediate vicinity of your camp (electronics is no substitute, only a supplement – instead of checking battery status you should create a good mental map). Learn to use a compass for navigation and learn to match your map with the terrain.
  • If you do get lost, admit it and stop immediately. A few minutes of good rest is surprisingly effective at making you think clearly again. Lines in the terrain can be used to find way back, for instance rivers (rivers can lead you to settlements or to lakes and other points that can be identified on the map), power lines and slopes. But beware of slopes making you change direction and leading you only to a local depression, rivers leading you to hard-to-walk wet terrain, etc. Check the map for what lines are usable.
• Bugs in živali
  • Mosquitoes and black flies are a nuisance in June and July, especially in Lapland and Finnmark. They do not carry diseases, but repellents, long sleeves, long pants and perhaps a mosquito hat in the worst areas are recommended. Avoid keeping doors and windows open in the evening.
  • Klopi can carry Lyme disease and TBE in some areas (especially south Norway to south-west Finland). The risk is small for a casual visitor, but you may want to take precautions.
  • There are big predators like bears, wolves, lynxes and wolverines in the Nordic countries, but they are generally no threat to people, as they will flee in most circumstances once they smell or hear humans. Back out if you encounter bear cubs, as their mother will protect them. Also musk oxen, elks and boars can be dangerous if you go too close.
  • If you are hiking in the hunting season (the autumn), in areas where hunting is allowed, you should wear some orange or red clothing. Ask for local advice about whether any areas should be avoided. Hunting season varies by species. Moose hunting is common in the forest areas of Sweden, Finland, East Norway and Trøndelag. Red deer hunting is common in West Norway. Reindeer hunting occurs mostly in the barren mountains.
• Be careful in sun
  • Clear Nordic air, high altitude and snow patches can multiply the effect of the sun, which hardly sets during the Nordic summer. Snow blindness is a serious risk, so bring UV-resistant sunglasses, and preferably mountain goggles. Bring sun cream or sun block (sun protection factor). Light can be strong in the highlands even if the sun is not visible.
• Glaciers
  

  Do not go on your own. Jostedalsbreen glacier.
  • Glaciers are one of the most dangerous places for visitors to the Norwegian outdoors. Never underestimate the power of the glacier. Observe warning signs. Never approach the front of the glacier. A glacier is not a stable piece of ice, it is constantly moving and huge chunks regularly fall off. Snowbridges can obscure crevasses.
  • The sun's rays get reflected from the white snow, so it necessary to use sunscreen and sunglasses to protect your skin and eyes. Bring warm clothes for tours on the glacier.
  • Ali ne enter a glacier without proper equipment and a skilled local guide.

Rules of mountain conduct

Norway's trekking association has compiled a set of rules or guidelines for sensible hiking, "fjellvettreglene":

1. Don't go for a long hike without training.
2. Tell where you are going.
3. Respect weather and forecast
4. Be prepared for storm and cold weather even on shorter hikes. Bring a rucksack with the kind of gear needed.
5. Listen to experienced hikers.
6. Dont hike alone.
7. Use map and compass
8. Turn back in time, it is nothing to be ashamed of.
9. Don't waste your energy. Dig into snow if necessary.

Volcanic eruption

Water of hot springs can be hot indeed. A danger specific to Iceland.

Out of the Nordic countries, Iceland is the only one with active volcanoes.

As a precautionary mesure carry a cell phone and a battery powered radio, and heed to warnings from the Icelandic civil protection about hazardous areas. Listen to either the radio station Rás 1 or Bylgjan. Rás 1 is on the LW frequencies 189 kHz and 207 kHz. For the FM frequencies see the frequency map of Ras in frequencies of Bylgjan. Pay attention to any SMS messages you get, as the Icelandic civil protection does send out SMS messages in Icelandic and English to phones in hazardous areas.

Should an eruption occur the ash can spread throughout the whole country depending on the wind direction. Eruptions increase the chance of lightnings and a glacial eruption will generate n flood in rivers with sources at the melting glacier.

Regardless of where you are in the country during an eruption, consider the wind direction and consider whether the wind can spread the ash to you. As an alternative you can use the mobile website of the Icelandic met office. If so, walk high up in the landscape to avoid poisonous gases, cover your nostrils and mouth with a cloth. Should the ash get thick or if you have an asthma, go into the next day or wilderness hut, close windows on the side that the wind blows at, close the chimney and stay there until the wind direction changes.

Should you be in close proximity of an eruption walk opposite to the wind direction to get out of the area. If you have concerns that you cannot abandon a hazardous area in time, do not hesitate to call the emergency number 112.

Spoštovanje

Above the treeline in the Območje divjine Käsivarsi; Nordkalottleden trail.

Many people you meet on remote trails are there to be with nature only. They might not be interested in socializing and will probably frown upon noisy behaviour. It is common, though, to stop and exchange a few words, e.g. about the terrain ahead, and at least some kind of greeting is usually expected when you meet people on (or off) the trail. Some might of course be interested in where you come from. People are often less reserved with strangers when they are in the wilderness.

Smoking is disliked by many and can be a serious hazard. In hot and dry periods a cigarette butt can cause a forest fire (even if "extinguished"), so just like with other litter, avoid leaving them in nature. Smoking indoors is mostly prohibited. Where locals smoke you might follow their example, but otherwise try to be a good example yourself.

Even if there is right of access, wilderness is often privately owned. In Norway only barren high mountains are public (government) property. Trails and bridges are usually maintained by volunteers (the trekking association for instance) or by landowners for the visitors' benefit. Upoštevajte, da ste gost na zasebni zemlji nekoga. Obstajajo pašne živali in velika divjad, ki jih ne smemo motiti. Ne puščajte smeti za seboj. Med obiskovalci je vse bolj priljubljeno graditi kamnite kopeli v divjini, ob skalnatih plažah in na gorskih prehodih. Kamnite kirine se uporabljajo za označevanje poti in so v resnici lahko zavajajoče za pohodnike. Obiskovalci, ki gradijo kirne, pogosto nabirajo kamne s kamnitih ograj, od katerih so nekateri dejansko kulturna dediščina ali so v uporabi. Prepovedati je spreminjanje narave, kot je ta, četudi le s preprostim balvanom.

Podobni premisleki veljajo tudi za javna zemljišča. Večina Laponske je v državni lasti, ker Sámi nima enakega pojma lastništva. Prebivalci so tako odvisni od divjine, kot da bi bili lastniki zemlje. In kjer se objekti vzdržujejo z davkoplačevalskim denarjem, so rezultat skupne volje, ki bi jo bilo treba upoštevati nič manj kot zasebne donacije.

Imena krajev in uporabne besede

Ker imena na zemljevidih ​​in znakih običajno označujejo topografijo, je lahko koristno razumevanje nekaterih pokrajinskih besed. Če imate možnost predhodno preučiti zemljevide velikega obsega, boste morda želeli preveriti pomen najpogostejših predpon in pripon, vendar so nekatere navedene tukaj. Pogosto pripovedujejo stvari, ki niso očitne z zemljevida, o značilnostih terena ali dajejo namige o zgodovini območja.

Na samskem območju so krajevna imena običajno samskega izvora, tudi kadar to ni očitno. Npr. Lemmenjoki je prvotno "topla reka" (iz sami: leammi; finsko: lämmin), ne pa "reka ljubezni" (finsko: lempi, lemmen). Terenske značilnosti območja pogosto imenujejo samska beseda (npr. "Jåkk", johka, namesto švedskih besed za potoke).

Vključeni jeziki uporabljajo sestavljene samostalnike. Imena so običajno ustvarjena s sestavljanjem besed, pri čemer zadnji del označuje, za katero pokrajinsko značilnost gre. Na primer Jostedalsbreen je ime, ustvarjeno iz Jostedal (Dolina Joste) in bre (ledenik), z drugimi besedami, ledenik pri Jostedalu. Besede so pogosto v množini in / ali v rodilniku, kar nekoliko spreminja besede, v finskem in sámi jeziku pa ne vedno premalo.

Poleg tega je v norveščini in švedščini določen člen ("the") prikazan kot pripona, vključena v besedo, tako da breen pomeni ledenik.

Obstaja nekaj različnih samskih jezikov, njihov pravopis pa je bil standardiziran šele pred nekaj desetletji, kar pomeni, da obstajajo razlike v črkovanju tudi neodvisno od tega, kateri jezik je vključen.

Švedski črki ä in ö sta napisani æ in ö v islandskem jeziku, æ in ø v norveščini; å je napisano o v finskem in večini samskih jezikov. Švedsko ä se pogosto izgovarja blizu e, v mnogih primerih pa se v norveščini piše e. Prepoznavanje teh in drugih bolj ali manj sistematičnih razlik v črkovanju ali izgovorjavi pomaga razumeti besedo, ki jo poznate iz drugega od jezikov, kot je joki / jåkk / jåkkå / johka na samskih območjih (finski, švedski in sámski pravopis).

Švedsko in norveško

Vidde-pokrajina. Hardangervidda, Norveška

kart / karta

zemljevid

fjell, fjäll

gora, vrh, vrh (nanaša se na pokrajino, ki se razteza nad drevesno mejo, lahko se nanaša na določen vrh ali na gore na splošno)

vidde

visoka, odprta planota (nad drevoredom)

innsjø, vann, vatn, sjö

jezero, ribnik

tjern, tjärn

ribnik, majhno jezero, tarn

skog

gozd, gozd

mir, kärr

blato, močvirje

Greben Besseggen pri Jotunheimen. Takšni grebeni ("jajčeca") so značilni za dele Norveške.

ur, taluskon

melišča, usedline talusa

bre / glaciär, fonn, skavl

ledenik, snežni zametek

dal

dolino

juv, kløft / klyfta, ravin

soteska, grapa, kanjon

elv, bekk / älv, å, bäck

reka, potok, potok

bratec / bru, sommarbro, helårsbru

most, most pozimi umaknjen, celoletni most

vad

ford

stuga / stue, hytte

koča, kabina

förfallen

razpadli

snaufjell / kalfjäll

puste gore

tregrense / trädgränsen

drevesna črta

skyddsområde

zavarovano območje

sti / stig

pot, pot

ruskmärkning

oznake v obliki vej v snegu

øy / ö, holme, skär

otok, otoček

foss / fors, vattenfall

slap, brzice

Islandski

Lyngdalsheiði v bližini Þingvellir.

kort

zemljevid

padel, fjall

gora

heiði

visoka odprta planota

vatn, tjörn

jezero, ribnik

mýri

blato, močvirje

fjörður

fjord, zaliv

jökull

ledenik

dalur

dolino

gjá, gljúfur

soteska, grapa, kanjon

á

reka

fos

slap

eyja, sker

otok, otoček

Finski in samski

kartta

zemljevid

vuori, tunturi / tuodtar, vaara / várri (várre, várrie, vaerie, vare)

gora; vuori je splošna beseda v finskem jeziku, tunturi oziroma vaara ne segata mimo drevesne meje - toda várri v Sámiju je splošna beseda za hrib ali goro (pogosto o velikih strmih), pogosto "prevedena" kot vaara; tunturi / duottarmailbmi se uporablja tudi v celotni regiji nad drevesno črto

kaisa / gaissa; kero / tseärru; oaivi; kielas / gielas, kaita / skäidi; rova / roavvi

gore različnih oblik: visok zasnežen vrh; gora v obliki gore nad drevesno mejo; okrogla gora nad drevesno mejo ("glava"); greben; kamniti hrib z redkim gozdom

čohkka (tjåhkkå, tjåhkka, tjahkke, tjåkkå)

vrh, vrh

mäki, kallio, harju / puoldsa

hrib, (hrib) trdne skale, esker

skäidi, selkä / cielgi

greben, razvodje (selkä tudi prostranstvo morja ali velikega jezera) / greben z brezo, ob gori

pahta / pahte

visoko in strmo pobočje

järvi / jávri (jávrre, avrre, havrre, jávrrie, jaevrie, jävri, jäu'rr, jauri, jaure, jaur)

jezero, ribnik

vesi

voda, ki v imenih pogosto pomeni "jezero"

lähde, kaltio / galdu

pomlad

lampi

ribnik, majhno jezero, tarn

lahti / luokta (luoktta, loekte)

zaliv

niemi / njárga (njárgga, njarka)

rt

Dvignjeno močvirje ("rahka") v začetku aprila, Narodni park Kurjenrahka. Nerodovitni in premokri, da bi borovci postali veliki.

suo, rahka, räme, aapa / aaphe, jänkä / jeäggi, vuoma / vuobme

blato, barje; suo je splošna beseda, drugi različne vrste; vuoma / vuobmi tudi dolina

palsa

mrazišče (v blatu ali barju)

jäätikkö

ledenik, snežni zametek

laakso

dolino

rotko, kuru / autsi, ävdzi, gorsa

soteska, grapa, kanjon

joki / johka (jåhkå, juhka, johke, jåkkå, jåkk), eno / eädnu, puro, oja / ája,

reka, potok, potok; joki / johka je splošna beseda, eno je precej velik, puro je majhen, oja je majhen

kahlaamo

ford

metsä; kuusikko, männikkö, koivikko itd.

gozd, gozd; slednji gozdovi različnih drevesnih vrst (kuusi = smreka, mänty = bor, koivu = breza)

raja

meja, meja

puuraja

drevesna črta

rajavyöhyke

obmejno območje

kuusimetsän raja

(severna) meja za smrekove ("kuusi") gozdove

polku, reitti

pot, pot

mökki, pirtti, tupa; kammi / gamme

koča, koča; travnata koča

siida

Vasi ali skupnosti Sámi

Ailigas je sveti pad, ki dominira v regiji.

seita / sieidi

duh, sveti predmet

saari, luoto

otok, otoček

koski, niva, kurkkio, kortsi / gorzze

brzice, slednje strme in kamnite

suvanto, savu

mirna voda (pod brzicami)

köngäs

strme brzice, manjši slap

(vesi) putous

slap

latu (mn. ladut) / láhtu

smučarska proga

Povežite se

Treking pot Laugavegur na Islandiji.

Polžja pošta

V trgovinah in turističnih podjetjih so na voljo poštni nabiralniki in znamke. Namesto poste restante boste morda želeli uporabiti primernega c / o naslov. Vprašajte o lokalnih praksah.

Telefoni

V nordijskih državah je pokritost z mobilnimi telefoni na splošno dobra, vendar ne nujno tam, kjer jo potrebujete. Nekatere koče v divjini imajo telefone za klice v sili (na Finskem jih ni več; na Švedskem so pogosti in jih je treba uporabljati tudi za obveščanje o zamudih in po potrebi po nasvet, ne samo v nujnih primerih).

Na gorskih terenih v dolinah pogosto ni signala. Na oddaljenih območjih morda ne bo nobenega signala, razen na padlih vrhovih. Morda boste želeli predhodno preizkusiti pomembne internetne storitve z nizko hitrostno povezavo (tudi 9600 bitov / s). Obstajajo SMS vremenske storitve. 3G je bil včasih na voljo le v bližini večjih mest in pomembnih turističnih krajev ter ob nekaterih glavnih cestah, zdaj pa je na Finskem na voljo celo v večini divjine.

Pokritost se od ponudnika do ponudnika razlikuje. Če imate v podjetju več kot en telefon (kartico SIM), boste morda želeli imeti različne ponudnike. Upoštevajte, da je morda najboljši signal iz sosednje države, zato boste morda morali plačevati mednarodne klice celo z domačo kartico SIM, če dovolite, da telefon izbere ponudnika.

Kjer je signal slab, ne poskušajte klicati, ampak uporabite SMS: sporočila potrebujejo signal le nekaj sekund in bodo tako bolj zanesljiva in porabijo manj energije.

Telefon naj bo suh. Ne pozabite, da se baterije uporabljajo veliko hitreje tam, kjer je slab signal. Telefon naj bo večino časa izključen. Električne energije običajno ni na voljo v zaledju, ne nujno niti v kočah in domovih.

Klici v sili

The številka za klic v sili 112 deluje v vseh nordijskih državah. Za nekatere nujne primere so morda posebne številke, vendar ☏112 z vsemi. Klici na številko 112 so brezplačni in delujejo ne glede na ključavnice večine telefonov. Preprosto vnesite številko ali uporabite zasilni gumb (pri nekaterih pametnih telefonih). Pravzaprav boste morda včasih želeli odstraniti kartico SIM, da zagotovite, da telefon uporablja najboljšo razpoložljivo povezavo. Na žalost švedska številka 112 zadržuje klice brez SIM, dokler ne pritisnete "5". Na Finskem bodo takšni klici zadržani približno pol minute, preden bodo sprejeti.

Za satelitski telefoni številka službe za klic v sili je ☏ 46 63-107-112 (Švedska), 358 9 2355-0545 (Finska), 354 809-0112 (Islandija preverite!). Sateliti Inmarsat-14 so le približno 15 stopinj nad južnim obzorjem in jih tako zlahka blokirajo višji tereni ali druge ovire. Iridij nima te težave.

Ne oklevajte in obvestite službo za nujne primere o kakršnih koli težavah, ki bi lahko privedle do izrednih razmer. Prepričajte se, da jih tudi pokličete, da jim sporočite, da ste na varnem, in tudi, kadar zamujate, in lahko kdo pokliče, da začne reševalno akcijo. Stroški so enostavno petmestne številke - v evrih na uro (običajno jih plača denar davkoplačevalcev, vendar sistema ne želite zlorabiti).

Lokacijo lahko najbolje povemo kot koordinate ETRS89 / WGS84 (predhodno preverite, ali je to tisto, kar se uporablja na vašem zemljevidu). Uporabite lahko tudi smer in oddaljenost od znane lokacije ali katerega koli koordinatnega sistema na vašem zemljevidu. Povejte tudi nekaj imen v bližini položaja, da se izognete napakam. Upoštevajte, da se na kompasih uporablja sistem 360 ° in več mil (60, 63 ali 64 hektomil za krog) in da nekatera imena, kot npr. Ailigas ("sveti padel"), so dvoumni. Na Finskem lahko služba za nujne primere zaprosi za občino in naslov (strežejo ogromna območja), vendar bodo razumni, ko jim rečete, da ne veste.

Satelitski navigatorji (GPS itd .; pogosto vključen v pametne telefone, včasih tudi v fotoaparate) porabi precej energije, zato je najbolje, da je večino časa izključen, vendar lahko v nujnih primerih pogosto da natančne koordinate. Traja nekaj časa, da najdejo satelite in do takrat lahko dajo napačne koordinate. Preverite, ali razumete njihove nastavitve in vedenje.

Spopadite se

Odpadki

Pogosto so koče za smeti pri kočah, zavetiščih in krajih ob tabornem ognju. Še posebej tam, kjer ni ceste, se jim izogibajte in raje spakirajte. Praznjenje zabojnikov za odpadke v zaledju pomeni nepotreben in drag promet. Ostankov hrane in podobnega ne smete odlagati v koš za smeti, razen če veste, da se bodo kmalu izpraznili. Majhne količine organskih odpadkov, kot so ostanki hrane, lahko damo v stranišča (in bolj napredna stranišča za kompostiranje). Na nekaterih lokacijah so ločeni kompostniki. Na mestih za recikliranje je mogoče skrbeti za papir, kovino in steklo ločeno. Izven poti lahko po potrebi pokopljejo tudi organske odpadke, zlasti v šoti in nad vrvico, lahko razgradnja traja več let. Čisti papir lahko zažgemo v tabornih ognjiščih in pečeh, vendar je treba papir, prekrit s kovino ali plastiko, spakirati. Ne puščajte odpadkov, da jih drugi sežgejo.

Stranišča

Ob poteh so stranišča pri kočah in pogosto v zavetiščih in na taborniških ognjiščih, običajno dovolj za vaše večje potrebe, če uporabljate te storitve. Običajno gre za suha stranišča: poslopje z luknjo na klopi in vedro s šoto, žagovino ali podobnim, s čimer si pokrijete blato. Morda boste morali uporabiti svoj toaletni papir. Umivanje rok je običajno vaša lastna težava (tega ne delajte gorvodno od mesta, kjer si ljudje jemljejo pitno vodo, niti blizu vedra s pitno vodo). Izven poti in med kočami, nasvet Kampiranje ne pušča sledi lahko sledi.

Pranje

V večini držav je veliko potokov in jezer ali morske obale, zato je iskanje vode za umivanje le redko problem - predvsem na severu in razen julija in avgusta je večinoma precej kul. Samo sprejmite se za to ali uporabite savne. Za umivanje rok lahko na štedilniku segrejete manjše količine vode, vendar je pogosto dovolj hladna voda. Marsikje se izogibajte umazaniji ali milu v jezeru ali reki, pri čemer se večina umivanja izvaja na kopnem. Morska voda v Baltiku ni preveč slana in le redko v fjordih.

Tuš navadno ni na voljo v kočah v divjini, lahko pa jih dobite v nekaterih kabinah in v resničnih kampih, če jih naletite. Namesto tega uporabite savne, ki jih najdete v precej kočah in kabinah. Za savna postopek, glejte ta članek (če niste na Finskem, preverite, ali je pričakovano vedenje drugačno), vendar je pravilno pranje običajno z mešanjem vroče in hladne vode v umivalniku in uporabo tega. Zmešajte nov komplet ali dva za izpiranje.